Aim: We aimed to provide a source of information that could contribute to the determination of normal values in our country and to reveal possible variations by comparing our results with the literature. Material and Method: Our study was carried out on 60 skulls of unknown gender and age found in the Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy. Measurements were made directly on the skull using an inelastic and soft measuring tape, Holtain Harpenden anthropometric set, and a digital sliding caliper (Mitutoyo). In our study, using direct anthropometric measurement techniques, the measurements of the head and face regions were taken by a single researcher three times and their averages were calculated. 19 anthropometric points were determined and used for 22 measurements. Results: As a result of our study, the head and face data were generally lower than the literature. Apertura piriformis height (APH), orbital length (OL) and orbital width (d-ec) results were compared as left and right asymmetry percentages, respectively; it was calculated as 1.35, 0.25, 0.26. Left measurement results were found more than right side. Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that the mean values of skulls in our country were generally lower than those of other studies in the literature. At the same time, we think that comparing data with different nationalities will be important in determining the structural craniometric properties for social diversity. In addition, we believe that our findings will shed light on future research.

Yıllardan beri insan vücudunun anatomik yapısı, normal sınırları ve bunlarla ilgili standart ölçülerin ne olması gerektiği tartışılmış ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri incelenerek belirli normlar oluşturulmuştur. Kraniofasiyal antropometri, antropometrinin bir dalı olup canlı, kadavra ve radyolojik örneklerdeki baş ve yüz ölçümlerini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmamızda, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 1 ve 2. sınıf öğrencilerinin kraniyal ve fasiyal antropometrik ölçümleri ile ulusal normal değerleri belirlemeyi ve cinsiyetler arasındaki olası farklılıkları araştırmayı amaçladık. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamız, yaşları 18 ile 24 arasında değişmekte olan, kraniofasiyal anomalisi olmayan, toplam 80 tıp fakültesi öğrencisi üzerinde yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin vücut kitle indeksi (BMI) hesaplanmış ve ölçümler için 19 antropometrik nokta belirlenmiştir. Baş, yüz, burun ve kulak ile ilgili ölçümlerden; maksimum baş genişliği, kraniyal taban genişliği, maksimum baş uzunluğu, maksimum yüz genişliği, burun genişliği, kulak uzunluğu ve kulak genişliği değişkenleri kız ve erkek grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Minimum frontal genişlik, baş yüksekliği, total kraniofasiyal baş yüksekliği, mandibular genişlik ve burun yüksekliği değişkenleri kız ve erkek grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak yüksek derecede anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Normal dağılım göstermeyen BMI değerleri kızlarda 21,4 (19,7-24,0), erkeklerde ise 23,5 (22,1-24,9) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmamızın sonucunda baş ve yüze ait verilerimiz cinsiyete bağlı olarak anlamlı farklılıklar göstermektedir. Çalışmamızda farklı uluslara ait verilerle karşılaştırma yapılmasının, toplumumuzun yapısal kraniofasiyal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi açısından önemli olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Objective: Irregular and abnormal small additional bones called Wormian bones can be encountered between the skull bones. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, topographical distribution, morphology, and interrelationship of the Wormian and Inca bones in Central Anatolia Region dry adult skulls. Methods: In the study, 119 adult skulls were examined. The location and frequency of additional bones (Wormian) in the sutures in the cranium were determined. Skulls with Inca bones were identified. The Inca bones were typified in accordance with the literature and their dimensions in the transverse and sagittal axis were measured with a digital caliper. Results: Wormian bone was present in 33 of 119 adult skulls (27.7%). Of the 33 bones, 22 were detected in the male (66.66%) and 11 female (33.34%) skulls. The locations of the Wormian bones in the order of decreasing incidence were the lambdoid suture (16.0%, 19/119), pterion (16.0%, 19/119), lambda (7.6%, 9/119), asterion (2.5%, 3/119), and bregma (1.7%, 2/119). Nine Inca bones were found in the lambdoid region (27.3%, 9/33). Six of these bones (66.7%) were in the male skull. We found that two of these bones were incomplete lateral asymmetric, two were complete symmetric bipartite, two were incomplete asymmetric bipartite and three were incomplete median type. We found that 13 (10.9%) of the skulls in the study had metopic sutures and 0.8% had craniosynostosis. When the craniums with metopic suture were evaluated, it was found that 8 of them (61.5%) had additional bone. 50% of the Wormian bones were found in the lambdoid suture. Conclusion: It has been found that the incidence of Wormian bone increases with suture variations. It was determined that the frequency of Inca bone variation may vary depending on regional differences.

Aim: The phase angle obtained from the maximum reactance (PA max) is a better potential indicator than the phase angles obtained from multiple frequencies. Our aim in this study is to investigate the correlation of PA max with fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2 DM). Material and Methods: The study was conducted prospectively, two groups were formed as T2 DM (n=75) and healthy controls (n=32) and their demographic variables were examined. Right hand, left hand, right leg, left leg, hand leg and leg leg segment measurements were taken with electrical impedance method and phase angle was obtained at maximum reactance. Correlations with fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c and other variables were examined. Results: Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, age, body mass index, body fat percentage were found to be significantly higher in the T2 DM group compared with the healthy group. However, RH PA max, RL PA max, LL PA max, H_L PA max, and L_L PA max values were found to be significantly lower than in the healthy group. In T2 DM group, hemoglobin A1c was found significantly negative correlated with PA max in all segments, while fasting glucose is negatively correlated with all segments except LH Pamax. Conclusion: PA max is significantly reduced by the impaired glycemic index in T2 DM and is a potential marker reflecting metabolic status.