Recent advances in microbiome research have highlighted the oral cavity as a complex and dynamic ecosystem, home to over 700 microbial species that play critical roles in both oral and systemic health. The oral microbiota not only maintains local tissue homeostasis but also serves as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, contributing to the global spread of resistance. Frequent and sometimes inappropriate antibiotic use in dental practice, along with exposure to antiseptics and biocides, drives the emergence and horizontal transfer of resistance determinants within oral biofilms. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and ecological drivers of AMR in the oral microbiome, emphasizing the clinical implications of dysbiosis and drug-resistant infections. The authors advocate for the development of dental clinical guidelines tailored to the unique characteristics of the oral microbiota, focusing on personalized therapy through molecular diagnostics, standardized AMR risk assessment, and the integration of non-antibiotic strategies such as probiotics and photodynamic therapy. Continuous education in antimicrobial stewardship and the implementation of oral-specific AMR surveillance is also highlighted as an essential component of effective resistance management. To support rational prescribing, a dedicated mobile application has been developed, leveraging microbiota data and resistance profiles to guide evidence-based, targeted therapy and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Collectively, these strategies aim to preserve antibiotic efficacy, ensure patient safety, and promote sustainable infection management in the dental field.

Background and Objectives: Oral health is a critical component of overall well-being, and it is highly influenced by psychological factors. While mental health disorders are often associated with poor oral health, the impact of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) tendencies on oral hygiene behaviors remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between OCPD tendencies and oral health behaviors among biomedical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 384 biomedical students aged 18–30 years. Participants completed the Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) to assess oral health behaviors and the Five Factor Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory—Short Form (FFOCI-SF) to evaluate OCPD tendencies, and they were divided into high and low tendencies groups. Sociodemographic data were also collected. Statistical analysis of all collected data was performed using the MedCalc computer software for Windows^®. Results: The higher OCPD tendencies group was older (p = 0.003), with predominantly female students (p = 0.005), and with higher academic grades (p < 0.001). These participants exhibited significantly better HU-DBI total scores compared to the group with the lower tendencies (8.0 (7.0–8.0) vs. 7.0 (6.0–8.0); p < 0.001). Traits such as perfectionism, fastidiousness, and punctiliousness were significantly associated with better oral hygiene practices (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that OCPD tendencies in biomedical students positively influence oral health behaviors through traits like perfectionism and attention to detail, though excessive rigidity may pose risks such as over-brushing. However, future longitudinal larger-scale studies need to address these findings.