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Dr. Mehran Idris Khan
Dalian Maritime University

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0 Environmental law and policy
0 Law and governance

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Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Sustainability
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With the development of the transportation network, vessels are increasingly used in the tourism business. The international cruise business requires huge investments and a clear international and domestic legal framework. Russia has unique opportunities to develop cruise tourism as a country with the world’s longest total length of coastal line (37.7 thousand kilometres). Russia intends to develop and support cruise tourism in the Arctic and increase the tourist flow to the Arctic to a certain level in order to promote socio-economic development in the region. At the same time, a rapidly evolving tourism in the Arctic brings new challenges related to the preservation of environmental safety and protection of national interests and requires comprehensive legal cover and regulation at the national level. This article deals with Russian Federation’s laws regulating sea/river cruise shipping involving an international element. It scrutinises state rules and policies on navigation in the Russian Arctic waters and relevant International Treaties of the Russian Federation, highlights the peculiarity of the cruise shipping contract in terms of Russian laws regulating the relationship arising from it, and finally, analyses the effects of Russian legislation in the field of Arctic tourism to its development. The authors attempted to summarise experts’ views on relevant Russian legislation’ shortcomings and put forward possible solutions.

ACS Style

Novikova Kseniia; Mehran Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. Legal Issues Regarding Arctic Cruise Shipping in the Russian Federation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7016 .

AMA Style

Novikova Kseniia, Mehran Khan, Yen-Chiang Chang. Legal Issues Regarding Arctic Cruise Shipping in the Russian Federation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Novikova Kseniia; Mehran Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. 2021. "Legal Issues Regarding Arctic Cruise Shipping in the Russian Federation." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7016.

Original paper
Published: 28 January 2021 in Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
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The present outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swiftly crossed borders, and inflicted the global mental health issues. It is also affecting peoples’ daily behaviours, economics, prevention strategies and decision-making among policymakers, healthcare organisations and medical centres that may unintentionally weaken COVID-19 control strategies and lead to increased morbidity, as well as mental health care needs globally. Ultimately, this outbreak is leading to further health complications worldwide, such as stress, fear of the unknown, anger, anxiety, denial, depression symptoms, and insomnia. Notwithstanding all the resources used to counter the spread of the virus, further universal strategies are desirable to address the associated mental health problems. The present study uses the qualitative means to investigate the potential impact of COVID-19, the consequences and legal aspects, then recommend policy implications, in an attempt to cover any apparent loopholes. It presents a unique analysis of its kind on the policy and legal aspects of the ongoing pandemic, as regards mental health. It concludes that there is an acute need to prioritising the health care and curative issues, strengthen awareness and address the psychological syndromes or similar complications afflicting members of the general public during this pandemic.

ACS Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Hafiz Abdul Rehman Saleem; Muhammad Fahad Anwar; Yen-Chiang Chang. Novel Coronavirus and Emerging Mental Health Issues—A Timely Analysis of Potential Consequences and Legal Policies Perspective. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021, 14, 87 -105.

AMA Style

Mehran Idris Khan, Hafiz Abdul Rehman Saleem, Muhammad Fahad Anwar, Yen-Chiang Chang. Novel Coronavirus and Emerging Mental Health Issues—A Timely Analysis of Potential Consequences and Legal Policies Perspective. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences. 2021; 14 (1):87-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Hafiz Abdul Rehman Saleem; Muhammad Fahad Anwar; Yen-Chiang Chang. 2021. "Novel Coronavirus and Emerging Mental Health Issues—A Timely Analysis of Potential Consequences and Legal Policies Perspective." Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 14, no. 1: 87-105.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2020 in Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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Sustainable, efficient, and affordable energy supply embraces a strong relationship with socio-economic development, specifically in developing countries. Pakistan has been facing an energy crisis in the form of expensive electricity generation by largely depending upon fossil fuels and experiencing power shortages. This paper offers a thorough analysis of Pakistan's renewable energy (hereinafter RE) potential and current practices, in trying to meet its energy demands. There is a limited academic discussion available concerning the utilization of RE resources of Pakistan to produce cost-effective and cost-competitive energy, including the formulation of pertinent laws and policies. This study adopts qualitative means to investigate global trends and current practices in renewables, followed by concrete observations and recommendations to improve the situation in Pakistan. The objective of the study is, therefore, to establish the significance of renewables and to examine possible solutions available to the government of Pakistan in addressing its energy crisis. The study concludes by suggesting that there is an urgent need to follow the global trend in replacing conventional energy methods with the country's extensive RE resources in order to ensure sustainable economic security and growth.

ACS Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Imtiaz Ahmed Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. An overview of global renewable energy trends and current practices in Pakistan—A perspective of policy implications. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2020, 12, 056301 .

AMA Style

Mehran Idris Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Yen-Chiang Chang. An overview of global renewable energy trends and current practices in Pakistan—A perspective of policy implications. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2020; 12 (5):056301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Imtiaz Ahmed Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. 2020. "An overview of global renewable energy trends and current practices in Pakistan—A perspective of policy implications." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 12, no. 5: 056301.

Original paper
Published: 05 September 2020 in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
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The natural earth environment has been facing various alterations due to anthropogenic activities even long before the industrial revolution. Economic development can no longer be achieved at the cost of the environment. Sustainable development takes and maintains appropriate environmental standards. This study sketches a thorough analysis of the current situations and likely impacts on the environment from the various infrastructural development projects under the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (hereinafter CPEC). Most of the potential outcomes of this project are already known. However, there is a limited academic discussion available concerning its environmental hazards coupled with the relevant laws and policies. The study adopts qualitative means of research to carefully investigate into the environmental challenges and current practices following by pertinent observations and recommendations to improve, implement and formulate bilateral or multilateral, environmental standards in the region. This study aims to explore why it is inevitable to revise the CPEC-related projects, such as shifting from coal-based energy projects to renewables and building climate-resilient infrastructure in order to avoid various environmental harms. The study concludes by suggesting that along with economic integration, it is also essential to promote legal cooperation between China and Pakistan concerning environmental laws as an integral part of the national geopolitical policies to make CPEC a long-lasting as well as a more safe, secure and sustainable project.

ACS Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. Love for the climate in Sino–Pakistan economic romance: a perspective of environmental laws. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2020, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Mehran Idris Khan, Yen-Chiang Chang. Love for the climate in Sino–Pakistan economic romance: a perspective of environmental laws. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2020; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. 2020. "Love for the climate in Sino–Pakistan economic romance: a perspective of environmental laws." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2020 in Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
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ACS Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Muhammad Fahad Anwar; Fatima Riaz. Juvenile Delinquency and It’s Psychological Implication-a Case Study of Pakistan. Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 2020, 4, 440 -442.

AMA Style

Mehran Idris Khan, Muhammad Fahad Anwar, Fatima Riaz. Juvenile Delinquency and It’s Psychological Implication-a Case Study of Pakistan. Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 4 (3):440-442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehran Idris Khan; Muhammad Fahad Anwar; Fatima Riaz. 2020. "Juvenile Delinquency and It’s Psychological Implication-a Case Study of Pakistan." Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 4, no. 3: 440-442.

Original paper
Published: 28 July 2020 in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
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Energy has gained great attention and extensive demand as an important element of the development of human society over the globe. As the representative of the traditional energy use, coal and oil have made a significant contribution to the economic take-off. However, their negative effects are becoming increasingly obvious simultaneously. On the one hand, the world is facing severe energy depletion crisis as the energy consumption increases. Eventually, the development and use of energy at large lead to a deteriorating environment. Facing these dual effects, States have begun to attach importance to the exploitation of renewable energy. Marine renewable energy (hereinafter MRE) has become the gateway to energy revolution based on its particular advantages. This paper pays attention to the American institutional framework and legal system for the development of MRE, along with its advantages, prerequisites, opportunities, and barriers, followed by various pertinent recommendations, as the U.S. is the leading country in this field. It is concluded that the U.S. has a comprehensive legal system for the development of MRE. However, it has to timely intersect with the opportunities and barriers in the light of the administrative or legal framework and enhance its institutional structure for the successful implementation as well as to be competitive for the attainment of required goals.

ACS Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Hefei Liu; Mehran Idris Khan; Chenhong Liu. Legal system for the development of marine renewable energy in the USA: a thorough analysis. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2020, 23, 371 -385.

AMA Style

Yen-Chiang Chang, Hefei Liu, Mehran Idris Khan, Chenhong Liu. Legal system for the development of marine renewable energy in the USA: a thorough analysis. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2020; 23 (2):371-385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Hefei Liu; Mehran Idris Khan; Chenhong Liu. 2020. "Legal system for the development of marine renewable energy in the USA: a thorough analysis." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23, no. 2: 371-385.

Short communication
Published: 30 March 2020 in Resources Policy
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Great achievements have been achieved in exploring mineral resources in China since recent decades, which have significantly contributed to the climate change on the other hand. Environmental laws perhaps at par values to govern and administer the ecological environment protection in the exploration of natural resource such as marine mineral resources. China has developed various laws and policies to administer its extensive economic growth coupled with the utilisation of marine mineral resources. This study adopts both qualitative and quantitative means for data collection and content analysis of current legal developments in this regards. Therefore, the study aims to discuss practices and contributions China has made concerning the exploitation of marine mineral resources and the protection of the marine environment. The focus then turns to the adaptation of Chinese laws regarding the exploitation of marine mineral resources in its continental shelf and the Area. To this end, some lessons can be learned from other State practices such as Germany and the Czech Republic. The paper concludes by suggesting that China should actively participate in the mineral resources development and ecological environmental protection works to improve laws governing the ecological environment protection obligations on Chinese and foreign enterprises, in order to provide a legal basis for the ecological environment protection of China's maritime areas.

ACS Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Chuanliang Wang; Mehran Idris Khan; Nannan Wang. The legal system for environmental protection during exploration and exploitation of marine mineral resources in China. Resources Policy 2020, 67, 101670 .

AMA Style

Yen-Chiang Chang, Chuanliang Wang, Mehran Idris Khan, Nannan Wang. The legal system for environmental protection during exploration and exploitation of marine mineral resources in China. Resources Policy. 2020; 67 ():101670.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Chuanliang Wang; Mehran Idris Khan; Nannan Wang. 2020. "The legal system for environmental protection during exploration and exploitation of marine mineral resources in China." Resources Policy 67, no. : 101670.

Case report
Published: 17 June 2019 in Maritime Business Review
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Purpose This study aims to explore why marine development and maritime security in Pakistan are significant and what the Chinese concerns are. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyse a growing Pak–China bilateral interests, particularly at Gwadar, to achieve the geostrategic objectives of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a qualitative means to discuss the significance of China’s ambitions towards the CPEC project concerning strategic deep-sea management and maritime regulations in the region, with a particular focus on the Gwadar Port. Findings The paper concludes that the Gwadar Port is a critical element for maritime security in the whole region. The study also provides an analysis of national and international, security and legal challenges associated with CPEC. Originality/value Most of the potential outcomes have already been discussed in public, though a limited academic discussion is available on the legal aspects. It is particularly so with regard to the development and capacity building in the maritime sector of Pakistan under this project. This study aims to explore why marine development and maritime security in Pakistan is significant and what the Chinese concerns are.

ACS Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Mehran Idris Khan. China–Pakistan economic corridor and maritime security collaboration. Maritime Business Review 2019, 4, 217 -235.

AMA Style

Yen-Chiang Chang, Mehran Idris Khan. China–Pakistan economic corridor and maritime security collaboration. Maritime Business Review. 2019; 4 (2):217-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Mehran Idris Khan. 2019. "China–Pakistan economic corridor and maritime security collaboration." Maritime Business Review 4, no. 2: 217-235.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in International Journal of Management and Sustainability
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ACS Style

Xiuhua Li; Mehran Idris Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. Ecological Treatment of Urban Organic Waste in the Context of Climate Change- A Chinese Perspective. International Journal of Management and Sustainability 2019, 8, 164 -180.

AMA Style

Xiuhua Li, Mehran Idris Khan, Yen-Chiang Chang. Ecological Treatment of Urban Organic Waste in the Context of Climate Change- A Chinese Perspective. International Journal of Management and Sustainability. 2019; 8 (4):164-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiuhua Li; Mehran Idris Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. 2019. "Ecological Treatment of Urban Organic Waste in the Context of Climate Change- A Chinese Perspective." International Journal of Management and Sustainability 8, no. 4: 164-180.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2018 in Marine Policy
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Two key drivers, ocean warming and ocean acidification, affect the oceans and adds to the climate change adversely. International legal and policy instruments contain certain measures to tackle these growing effects. China is also committed to addressing the effects of climate change on the oceans. The overlapping of different systems has, however, created some difficulties in practice and further coordination is urgently required. This paper uses qualitative methods to investigate China's legal practices in addressing the effects of climate change and their impact on the oceans. The study considers newly introduced policies and recent actions launched by the Chinese Government to chart a clearer picture of the current practices. To this end, it is concluded that the ultimate solution in avoiding the worsening effects of climate change on the oceans would be to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases worldwide, and China aims to take advantage of playing leading role in such efforts.

ACS Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Chuanliang Wang; Mehran Idris Khan; Nannan Wang. Legal practices and challenges in addressing climate change and its impact on the oceans—A Chinese perspective. Marine Policy 2018, 111, 103355 .

AMA Style

Yen-Chiang Chang, Chuanliang Wang, Mehran Idris Khan, Nannan Wang. Legal practices and challenges in addressing climate change and its impact on the oceans—A Chinese perspective. Marine Policy. 2018; 111 ():103355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yen-Chiang Chang; Chuanliang Wang; Mehran Idris Khan; Nannan Wang. 2018. "Legal practices and challenges in addressing climate change and its impact on the oceans—A Chinese perspective." Marine Policy 111, no. : 103355.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in Sustainability
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This study presents a critical analysis of the environmental challenges regarding global environmental policies and current practices in China. The study provides imperative evidence about the current emission control strategies, environmental planning, legislation, policy instruments, and measures to provide a sustainable environment for the present and future generations. The study followed a well-defined analytical methodology to analyse the measures adopted to control emissions as a trade-balancing tool for the environment. The findings indicated that domestic as well as the international collaborations were effective in controlling the present problem of environmental pollution, and suggested a need for collaborative agreements to amend the Environmental Protection Law (EPL). The analytical findings determined that the proposed EPL considered SO2 or NO2 emissions while neglecting an important source of environmental pollution, i.e., CO2 emissions. The research findings also suggested a need for to accelerate efforts in a more professional, practical, and result-oriented manner to analyse the diverse nature of environmental issues. The research highlighted some of the obstacles to the successful implementation of EPL for current and future environmental challenges.

ACS Style

Mehran Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. Environmental Challenges and Current Practices in China—A Thorough Analysis. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2547 .

AMA Style

Mehran Khan, Yen-Chiang Chang. Environmental Challenges and Current Practices in China—A Thorough Analysis. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2547.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehran Khan; Yen-Chiang Chang. 2018. "Environmental Challenges and Current Practices in China—A Thorough Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2547.