Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder. HGPS children present a high incidence of cardiovascular complications along with altered metabolic processes and an accelerated aging process. No metabolic biomarker is known and the mechanisms underlying premature aging are not fully understood.

Background/Objectives: Endocannabinoids are endogenous bioactive lipids that promote neurodevelopment and positive energy balance. Increased levels of endocannabinoids are associated with obesity, but the effect of maternal obesity on breast milk endocannabinoids across lactation is mostly unknown. Methods: Women from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) (n = 92) were followed from the third trimester of pregnancy to 119 days postpartum, and milk samples were analyzed in the postpartum days 2–8 (T1), 28–47 (T2), and 88–119 (T3). We assessed the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, leptin and insulin by immunoassay, and macronutrients by colorimetric assays in milk samples. Results: Milk AEA concentration was higher in T2 compared with T1 or T3, while 2-AG levels were higher in T2 and T3 compared with T1. Milk endocannabinoids were directly correlated with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and milk triglycerides. Triglyceride and leptin levels were higher in mature milk (T2 and T3) of women with BMI > 25 or excessive GWG. Adjusted linear regression models showed a positive association between excessive GWG and milk 2-AG (β = 1629; 95% CI: 467–2792; p = 0.008). Conclusions: The endocannabinoid levels are higher in mature milk from women with obesity or excessive GWG, which may impact offspring development and metabolism.

Trema micranthum (Cannabaceae) has emerged as a promising new source of cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD). Given the substantial medicinal demand for cannabinoids and the regulatory challenges associated with Cannabis sativa due to the presence of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), this study sought to explore the presence of CBD, THC, and their precursors, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA A) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), in various parts of Trema micranthum using UHPLC-HRMS/MS (Orbitrap). Extracts from fruits, leaves, inflorescences, and stems were obtained using a methanol/hexane (9:1, v/v) solvent mixture. UHPLC coupled with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer was employed for cannabinoid identification and quantification, with standard mixtures prepared in methanol. The extracts yielded significant quantities, such as 6.6%/g from leaves and 3%/g from fruits. Cannabinoids were detected in fruits, leaves, and inflorescences, with acidic forms (CBDA and THCA A) present in higher concentrations than their neutral counterparts. Notably, leaves contained 4.43 × 10⁻³ µg/g of CBD and 1.05 × 10⁻³ µg/g of THC. These findings, facilitated by high-resolution analytical methods, underscore the potential of Trema micranthum as an alternative source for cannabinoids, guiding future research in this area.

Trema micranthum (L.) Blume is a species from the Cannabaceae botanical family, present all over the tropics. A recent study conducted by our group identified the presence of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid‐A in T. micranthum extracts. Their presence in the plant's fruit, inflorescence, and leaf extracts was detected and quantified. T. micranthum has been identified as a potential new source of cannabinoids such as CBD. The present work focuses on a new Cannabinoid Profiling System (CPS) to present a wide view of cannabinoid chemical composition with several compassionate and modern mass spectrometry (MS) tools. Extracts from fruits, leaves, and inflorescences were obtained using a methanol/hexane (9:1, v/v) solvent mixture. Ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem MS using targeted and untargeted approaches were used in these approaches. CPS allowed the identification of the 26 cannabinoids in T. micranthum described for the first time in this plant.

Eperua oleifera Ducke (Fabaceae), commonly known as copaíba-jacaré, is traditionally used for therapeutic purposes, like Copaifera oleoresins. Previous GC-MS studies reported its chemical composition as mainly composed of diterpenic acids, consistent with species of the same genus. Although GC-MS remains widely used for comparing compound retention times and fragmentation patterns, its application to diterpenic acids requires a derivatization step to form methyl esters due to the poor chromatographic performance of carboxylic acids on methyl silicone stationary phases. This step may lead to misinterpretations, especially considering recent findings of naturally occurring methyl esters in oleoresins that may co-elute with derivatized acids. This study aimed to apply more sensitive analytical techniques to identify both target and untargeted compounds. The resin of E. oleifera was analyzed by GC-MS to assess the presence of volatile components. Additionally, UHPLC-HRMS was employed using full-scan MS, data-dependent acquisition (DDA), and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) in both positive and negative ESI modes. GC-MS confirmed the absence of volatile sesquiterpenes, classifying E. oleifera as a resin. Targeted UHPLC-HRMS detected natural methyl esters of diterpenic acids, while untargeted analysis using Compound Discoverer 3.3 software revealed flavonoids and phenolic compounds not previously reported. These findings support the application of UHPLC-HRMS as a powerful tool in phytochemical studies.