Insect RoboFlyers are interesting and active focuses of study but producing high-quality flapping robots that replicate insect flight is challenging., due to the dual requirement of both a sophisticated transmission mechanism with light weight and minimal intervening connections. This innovative mechanism was created to address the need for a producible structure that is small in size, small in mass, and has reduced design linkages. The proposed Single Crank-Slotted Dual Lever (SC-SDL) mechanism transforms rotational motion into specific angular motion at different velocities for each of its two strokes, i.e., the forward stroke and the return stroke. The discovery of a lag between the left and right lever motions in our design mechanism-I leads us to the conclusion that the flapping is asymmetric. To eliminate the position lag, the design has been altered, and a new design mechanism-II has been developed. Comparative kinematic analysis of both design systems is performed using simulations. Two-dimensional analysis of the base ornithopter configuration using ANSYS FLUENT yielded deeper insights regarding the influence of varying flapping frequency on critical flow metrics regarding adequate lift and thrust. For a flapping frequency of 24 Hz, adequate lift generation was achieved with minimal flow disturbances and wake interactions. Averaged dual wing estimations were made as part of the CFD study, which showed similar agreements. To validate the estimations, experimental tests were performed over the design mechanism-II configuration.

Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are scaled down to incorporate rotor blades that usually have a diameter ranging from two to four meters in length. A common misconception with regard to selection of airfoils followed by subsequent designing of rotor blades involves the use of NACA airfoils and other conventional high Reynolds number airfoils. Micro horizontal axis wind turbines usually operate at low Reynolds number conditions along the blade length. Conventional aerodynamic schemes cannot be applied to rotor blades operating under low Reynolds number conditions as compared to those occurring under high Reynolds number conditions since certain unusual aerodynamic phenomena predominate in the case of the former. The efficiency of a wind turbine is largely dependent on blade optimization, which is why airfoil selection of the rotor blade is of considerable importance. The difference between high and low Reynolds number operation is the onset of boundary layer transition. In the case of high Reynolds number operation, as is the case of aircraft propellers and other high speed turbines, boundary layer transition takes place before laminar separation, which is in direct contrast to low Reynolds number boundary layer phenomena, wherein laminar separation takes place before boundary layer transition.

The study of insect-inspired flapping robo drones is exciting and ongoing, but creating realistic artificial flapping robots that can effectively mimic insect flight is difficult due to the transmission mechanism's need for lightweight and minimal connecting components. The objective of this work was to create a system of constructing a flapping superstructure with the fewest feasible links. This is one of the two strokes where the fast return mechanism turns circular energy into a variable angled flapping motion (obtained through simulation results). We have simulated the displacement modifications of the forward and return stroke variation. also conducted a kinematic study of the design processes differences, finding that it is significantly faster than the advance stroke. It was also seen that one of its levers lagged behind the others when flapping because of poor boundary conditions. Modelling the suggested motor-driven flapping actuation system helps verify its structural analysis and determine if it is appropriate for use in micro air vehicle applications.