Aim of study The NLR is a simple and inexpensive parameter that is useful as a marker of subclinical inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with acute cerebral ischemia at the time of initial evaluation in the emergency department. Patients and methods The study was designed as a multicentre cross‐sectional study of acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurological evaluations were assessed using the NIHSS and mRS. Evaluations included the results of patients’ laboratory tests performed at the time of presentation to the emergency department. Results Seven hundred and thirty‐five ischemic stroke patients were included in the study. Stroke cases assessed by the mRS as mild or severe showed significant differences with respect to age, leukocyte counts, neutrophil counts, NLR, LDL cholesterol values, and serum glucose values (P = .001). When analysed using NIHSS, lymphocyte levels were significantly higher in very severe stroke cases compared with mild, moderate, and severe cases. NLR was also significantly higher in very severe stroke cases and severe stroke cases as compared with the mild and moderate stroke groups. Neurological evaluations assessed using the mRS showed a mild positive correlation with neutrophil and leukocyte count and a weak correlation with the NLR. Conclusion The NLR exhibited a significant correlation with the results of the mRS and NIHSS. The NLR measured in the very early period was also significantly associated with clinical condition. These results suggest that high NLR values may be a marker of stroke’ severity. What's known Stroke is an important disease that has a significant impact on mortality and morbidity and is closely related to the aging world population. In recent years, highly innovative approaches have been developed in the treatment of stroke. Although a long distance has been covered in the early diagnosis of stroke, the ability to predict the severity of the disease with many parameters is still up to date. What's new At the time of admission, in the absence of infection, parameters such as leukocytelymphocyte count and NLR may be telling about stroke severity. Demonstrating the utility of these simple, practical, inexpensive and naninvasive parameters to predict stroke severity can contribute to the scoring to be established at the time of initial diagnosis.

Introduction and Aim Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults and the second most common cause of death, at a rate of 11.8% worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the etiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to hospital due to acute strokes. Materials and Methods This multi-center study retrieved information for all patients admitted to hospital due to an acute cerebrovascular event over a six-month period, and sociodemographic, etiological, and clinical characteristics were recorded. Results A total of 1136 patients, 520 of whom were women (45.7%), with a mean age of 70.3 ± 12.8 years, were included in the study. Of these, 967 were diagnosed with ischemic stroke (IS) (85.1%), 99 with hemorrhagic stroke (HS) (8.7%), and 70 with transient ischemic attack (6.1%). The most common risk factor for stroke was hypertension (73%). Carotid disease and hyperlipidemia rates were higher in patients with HS. Numbers of functionally dependent patients with severe neurological status according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin scale were significantly higher in the HS group (p <0.001). When IS was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, small vessel disease emerged as the nost common cause (41%). The most common lesion localizations were the parietal lobe (23%) in the IS group and the thalamus (35.3%) in the HS group. Eighty-eight patients (7.7%), 62 (6.4%) in the ischemic subgroup, and 26 (26.3%) in the hemorrhagic subgroup, died within the first month. Conclusion Current and accurate evaluations of stroke etiology are essential for stroke prevention and treatment planning. The present study, shows that no change occurred in the etiology of stroke and epidemiological characteristics and that accurate identification of modifiable stroke risk factors is still a major goal.

In neuroimaging, tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs), which are rare inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system, can sometimes resemble infectious or malignant processes. Radiologic distinction is frequently made more difficult by their huge size, mass impact, and contrast enhancement patterns, especially in atypical or recurrent presentations.

Aile hekimliği tıp disiplinin özelliklerini, ilkelerini ve temel değerlerini detaylarıyla bulabileceğiniz bölümlerin yanında, klinik uygulamalarda izlenecek yollar ve kılavuzların eşlik ettiği güncel bilgileri sizlerle paylaşmayı hedefledik. Aile hekimliğinin, yaş, cinsiyet, hastalık ayırt etmeksizin sunduğu sağlık bakımına ek olarak koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinin prekonsepsiyonel dönemden bireyin ölümü sonrasındaki aile bireylerinin durumuna kadar geniş konu yelpazesinin varlığı bu kitabın kapsamlı ve güncel olması yönünde bize yol haritası olmuştur. Aile hekimliğinin, kendi eğitim içeriği, araştırmaları, kanıta dayalı ve klinik uygulamaları olan akademik ve bilimsel bir disiplin ve birinci basamağa odaklı bir klinik uzmanlık modeli ile konuların bilimsel ve pragmatik düzenlemesi yapılarak akışı sağlanmış, bilgilerin sistematik anlatımı kitap içerisinde planlanmıştır.

Background: Cervical spinal cord atrophy, typically assessed via measurements of the mean upper cervical cord area (MUCCA), is a significant factor in disability and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Aim: This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between MUCCA, physical disability, and cognitive impairment in MS. Materials and Methods: Thirty‐one MS patients participated in the study. Upper extremity function was assessed using the Nine‐Hole Peg Test (9HPT), while lower extremity function was evaluated with the Timed 25‐Foot Walk Test (T25FWT). Cognitive function was measured with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS). MUCCA was measured at two levels (reflecting the mean value of C1 and C2) using 3D T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results: The study found that MUCCA is associated with cognitive impairment. It was demonstrated that MUCCA predicts EDSS, 9HPT, SDMT, CVLT, and T25FWT outcomes. In addition, age was the significant predictor of all parameters. Cronbach′s alpha values were 0.96 for C1 and 0.98 for C2, indicating excellent internal consistency across the three observers. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that spinal cord area measurements are associated with both clinical and cognitive outcomes in MS, even among patients with low disability. Additionally, the observed correlation coefficients indicate excellent reproducibility and strong interobserver agreement for manual measurements.