Background. The complexity of the structure and function of a living body can be affected by disorders and can cause various dysfunctions. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine compensatory mechanisms in subjects with drop foot during gait. Methods. The study evaluated 10 subjects with drop foot (DF) whose results were compared to a group of 10 healthy controls (C). Spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters during the gait cycle were collected using Vicon system synchronized with Kistler platforms. Results. Spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters were significantly different between the analysed groups. In the DF group, the subjects walked almost 47% slower and performed 60% less steps per minute compared to the C group. The main problem in the DF group was insufficient ankle dorsiflexion in the 0–10% of the gait cycle. Mean values in the groups during the first 10% of the gait cycle were as follows: DF (−10.42 ± 5.7°) and C (−2.37 ± 1.47°), which affected the substantial differences in the values of muscle torque: DF (0.2 ± 0.1 Nm/kg) and C (−0.26 ± 0.06 Nm/kg). Conclusions. Comparative analysis for joint angles and torques demonstrated that the mechanism of compensation is the most noticeable in the knee joint and less in the hip joint.

This study aimed to assess the influence of leg dominance on the symmetry of body balance during one-leg standing tasks. Methods: Ninety-six healthy adults were enrolled in this study. Leg dominance was defined using Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) and body balance was measured in one-leg standing test on firm surface (eyes open and closed) and on the foam surface (eyes open). Symmetry Index (SI) of balance parameters was correlated with the results of WFQ-R. Results: The analysis showed that each participant had better test results for one leg compared to the other, and for most participants and test conditions, the more stable lower limb was the right one. No significant correlations were found between WFQ-R and SI. Conclusions: Leg dominance does not seem to affect the ability to maintain body balance on one leg standing on a stable or foam surface within the conditions tested in this study. Nevertheless, some asymmetry between right and left leg standing is visible in healthy adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of irritating sounds on the postural control of healthy adults, considering both linear and nonlinear parameters, subjective assessments, and gender differences. Methods: Thirty-four young participants (17 females, 17 males) completed three 30 s bipedal standing stability tests on a balance platform: one with visual control (EO), another without visual control (EC), and a third without visual control but accompanied by irritating sounds (ECS). Additionally, participants filled out a questionnaire evaluating their sound sensitivity. Linear and nonlinear parameters from each balance test were considered for statistical analysis. Results: The findings reveal significant gender-based variations in sensitivity to sound, with women exhibiting higher sensitivity. No statistically significant differences in postural control were observed between males and females, except for a notable increase in irregularity (SampEn values) in the anterior–posterior direction for females in the ECS trial. Correlation analyses revealed a moderate and statistically significant correlation between SampEn values in the AP direction and SE scores. Conclusions: This study highlights the intricate relationship between sensory stimuli, attention, and the body’s ability to maintain balance. The presence of irritating sounds led to increased irregularity in postural control, particularly in the absence of visual control.

Introduction: The masticatory system has the remarkable ability to adapt to a changing biomechanical environment. However, due to the significant influence of the stomatognathic system on other ones, the impact of the craniotomy seems to be noteworthy.

Lumbar spine pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and remains a major challenge in clinical practice. Among non-invasive treatment strategies, manual therapy plays a central role, offering individualized interventions that target both biomechanical dysfunction and pain. This narrative review compares three commonly used physiotherapeutic approaches—Kaltenborn-Evjenth mobilization, the McKenzie method, and high-velocity low-amplitude (HVLA) manipulation—based on current evidence regarding their effectiveness, safety, and clinical application. A total of 32 randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2003 and 2024 were analyzed. The Kaltenborn-Evjenth method demonstrated notable effectiveness in improving range of motion and reducing chronic pain, particularly in patients with segmental hypomobility. The McKenzie method showed strong outcomes in both acute and chronic LBP, especially in cases involving symptom centralization and high patient engagement. HVLA techniques offered rapid symptom relief in acute phases but required careful patient selection due to their mechanical intensity. The findings suggest that no single method is universally superior. Instead, optimal outcomes are achieved through individualized treatment plans that integrate multiple techniques based on clinical presentation, pain chronicity, and functional limitations. Multimodal strategies that combine manual therapy with exercise and patient education appear to be the most effective in managing LBP and preventing recurrence.

Introduction: The human body posture takes a place in the mother’s womb and physically begins with the birth of the child. In literature, the assessed frequency of presence of postural defects depends on the method of assessment and the adopted criteria of correct body posture. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between gender and body posture defects.Materials and Methods: The presented cross-sectional study includes 58 people, 29 boys and 29 girls, students of the secondary school. Assessment of body posture was based on visual analysis and palpation of the body in the sagittal and frontal planes. In addition, the following clinical tests were used: Thomas test, Ober’s test, Patrick’s test, and toe-floor functional test. The physical activity was also considered.Results: The results of research show there is relationship between the sex of the participants and the occurrence of body posture defects in the sagittal plane.Conclusions: 1. The gender of adolescents may predispose to a specific posture defect.2. Insufficient amount of physical activity can be a contributing factor of posture defects.