This paper critically examines Brazil’s legislative framework for pesticide waste management, highlighting recent advancements and persistent challenges. The introduction of Law 14785/2023 marks a pivotal shift in pesticide regulation, streamlining registration processes and enhancing safety measures. This law consolidates various aspects of pesticide management, from research to disposal, aiming for more efficient oversight. Complementary to this, foundational laws such as the Federal Constitution (1988), Law 6938/1981 (National Environmental Policy), Law 12651/2012 (New Forest Code), and Law 13123/2015 (Biodiversity Law) establish broad guidelines for environmental protection and the sustainable use of resources. Specific regulations, including the Environmental Crimes Act (Law 9605/1998) and CONAMA Resolutions No. 465/2014 and No. 420/2009, address critical aspects of pesticide waste, focusing on proper disposal and soil quality management. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in the effective implementation of these laws. Inadequate monitoring systems and limited stakeholder awareness hinder regulatory enforcement. Strategic recommendations to address these issues include enhancing monitoring technologies, strengthening educational initiatives, fostering stakeholder collaboration, and adapting legislation to keep pace with technological advancements. A robust pesticide waste management system is essential for ensuring long-term sustainability in agricultural production. Inefficient disposal practices can contaminate soil and water, posing risks to biodiversity and public health. By reinforcing regulatory enforcement and integrating sustainable waste management strategies, Brazil can mitigate the environmental impact of pesticide use while promoting safer agricultural practices. The ongoing evolution of legislation reflects a commitment to sustainability; however, continuous efforts are necessary to fully realize these goals and align agricultural development with environmental conservation.

Brazil is among the four largest global food producers and is a significant consumer of pesticides. However, the current management of pesticide residues in Brazil faces substantial challenges, including fragmented data, limited access to reliable information, and weak inter-institutional coordination. These shortcomings hinder effective monitoring and enforcement. This study evaluates the existing framework for managing pesticide residues in food, water, and soil in Brazil, identifying gaps and proposing strategies for improvement. Key recommendations include the establishment of an inter-institutional steering committee, the development of a unified digital platform for data sharing, and the implementation of a National Pesticide Residue Management Programme (NPRMP). The NPRMP would define measurable targets to reduce contamination in food and the environment, promote sustainable agricultural practices, and enhance the monitoring of pesticide residues. Capacity-building through continuous professional training and public education campaigns is essential to ensure the programme’s successful implementation. Financial resources may be drawn from various sources, including budgetary allocations by the federal government; donations from individuals or legal entities, whether public or private, domestic or international; funds from the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FNDCT); and contributions from the National Environmental Fund. This integrated approach aims to reinforce regulatory mechanisms, safeguard public health, and ensure environmental conservation within the context of Brazil’s expanding agricultural sector.