This study investigated the possible occurrence of pulmonary disease in beef cattle from 13 municipalities within the State of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. The state of MT is a leading player in beef cattle production in Brazil, but with comparatively few data relative to the occurrence of pulmonary disease or ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2)-related infections in cattle. Pulmonary samples from 44 beef cattle, with ages ranging between 18 and 28 months, were collected during slaughter and processed to determine the patterns of pulmonary lesions. Additionally, duplicate fragments were used in immunohistochemical (IHC) assays designed to detect malignant catarrhal fever (MCFV) antigens and in molecular assays to amplify 10 agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Interstitial pneumonia (IP) was diagnosed in most of the lungs (98%; 43/44) evaluated from all municipalities. MCFV antigens were detected in 37% (16/43) of the animals with IP. Only four pathogens were amplified by molecular assays within the lungs of cattle with IP: OvGHV2 (23%; 10/43), bovine viral diarrhea virus (12%; 5/43), bovine coronavirus (7%; 3/43), and Mannheimia haemolytica (2%; 1/43). The nucleic acids of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasmopsis (Mycoplasma) bovis were not amplified. Singular infections in cattle from municipalities were associated with MCFV (n = 3) and OvGHV2 (n = 2), while OvGHV2 occurred in all dual and triple infections. However, in four animals with IP, none of the disease pathogens identified were detected. Statistically, MCFV antigens were more frequently (p = 0.048) detected in the lungs of female (75%; 12/16) cattle with IP relative to males (25%; 4/16). Additionally, there was a positive correlation (p < 0.001) between the IHC detection of MCFV antigens within the bronchial epithelium and the epithelium of peribronchial glands of cattle with IP. This is the first study to statistically demonstrate that female cattle are at greater risk of developing MCFV-related infections as compared to male animals. The detection of OvGHV2 in singular and multiple infections during this investigation supports earlier studies that associate this pathogen with the development of pulmonary disease in cattle, indicating that OvGHV2 can contribute to the etiology of IP. Additionally, the detection of OvGHV2-induced infections in asymptomatic cattle suggests that all animals were subclinically infected, confirming that subclinically OvGHV2-induced infections may be widespread in ruminants from Brazil. Furthermore, the occurrence of atypical interstitial pneumonia cannot be discarded, particularly in animals with IP but without any associated pathogen. These initial findings suggest the need for a more elaborate investigation to understand the dynamics of pulmonary disease within this state.

Neonatal diarrhea remains a significant threat to piglet health, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide. Among the viral pathogens associated with this condition, rotavirus (RV) has been extensively reported in Brazil; however, lineage-level classification of circulating strains remains limited. This study aimed to characterize G and P genotypes of porcine RV field strains associated with diarrhea in piglets in Southern Brazil. A total of 10 fecal samples were collected by field veterinarian from diarrheic suckling piglets aged 1 to 14 days and analyzed by RT-PCR for the detection of RV species A, B, C, and H. RV species A (RVA) was detected in 90% (9/10) of the samples, while no other RV species were identified. Genotyping based on the VP7 and VP4 genes revealed a single G3P[6] genotype combination in all RVA-positive samples. Nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequence analysis revealed high genetic similarity among strains, with values of up to 99.3% for nt and 98.0% for aa of the VP7 gene and 100% for the VP4 gene (nt and aa). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP7 sequences clustered with Brazilian G3 strains, forming a distinct group consistent with a novel lineage (putative G3-XII), whereas VP4 sequences supported a new sublineage (putative P[6]-Ig). These findings demonstrate low genetic variability of RVA field strains in this neonatal diarrhea outbreak, suggesting the circulation of a single viral population. They also emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance to gain a deeper understanding of viral evolution and transmission dynamics in swine populations.

Sabemos que existe uma forte relação entre as etapas do sistema alimentar tradicional atual e a crise climática. Isto significa que as etapas de produção, colheita, armazenamento, transporte, processamento, distribuição, descarte podem causar grandes danos ambientais, sociais e de saúde. A boa notícia é que tem muita coisa que pode ser feita, por toda a sociedade, para diminuir este impacto negativo e até gerar efeitos positivos nesta ampla cadeia de produção dos alimentos. A educação e a escola têm um papel fundamental neste processo. Este livro foi produzido a partir da adaptação dos conteúdos do curso semi-presencial Educação Alimentar e Nutricional para a Saúde Planetária que foi oferecido pelo Sustentarea a mais de 250 educadores de 17 escolas da redepública de ensino de Águas de Lindóia, de 27 de março a 24 de julho de 2023. O objetivo deste material é sensibilizar e conscientizar os educadores de todos os níveis educacionais sobre diversos temas relacionados à alimentação e à saúde planetária, e orientá-los para o desenvolvimento de atividades e projetos considerando os componentes curriculares e o contexto de cada escola. Com esse material, esperamos capacitar os professores a promover uma educação alimentar e nutricional de qualidade, contribuindo para a formação de indivíduos conscientes, saudáveis e comprometidos com a sustentabilidade planetária.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus belonging to the subfamily Orthoretrovirinae and genus Deltaretrovirus. It is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, an infectious disease that affects cow longevity and milk production, potentially leading to economic losses. Serological surveys provide valuable information on BLV circulation in dairy cattle herds. This study evaluated the serological profile of BLV infection in high-yield dairy cattle herds in the Central-Eastern mesoregion of Paraná State, Southern Brazil. Whole-blood samples were collected from 628 lactating cows in 43 dairy cattle herds between October 2019 and January 2020. Serum samples were stored at –80 °C until processing. Serological tests were performed using a commercially available ELISA kit to detect antibodies against glycoprotein 51 (gp51) in the BLV envelope. Herds were considered positive when at least one cow tested positive for anti-gp51 antibodies. The data obtained were categorized by type of management (intensive and semi-intensive) and the number of lactating cows per herd (200) and subjected to statistical analyses using chi-square and odds ratio tests at a 95% confidence level. Notably, all 43 (100.0%) evaluated herds were seropositive for BLV, with 10 herds (23.3%) showing 100% positivity in the evaluated cows. Of the sampled cows, 82% (515/628) were seropositive for BLV. The results of the statistical analyses for both factors were compared with the frequency of seropositive cows. Herds with 100–200 lactating cows exhibited a higher chance of being positive than those with 200 lactating cows. Moreover, herds under intensive management practices showed a 1.87-times greater chance of becoming infected with BLV than those under semi-intensive management. The serological survey results indicated that BLV infection is endemic in the Central-Eastern mesoregion of Paraná State. Enzootic bovine leukosis is a clinically silent retroviral disease, with overt clinical manifestations occurring only sporadically. Nevertheless, BLV infection is associated with reduced animal productivity and significant economic losses. Therefore, only coordinated actions to raise awareness among all stakeholders in the dairy production chain regarding the epidemiological importance of BLV and its routes of transmission will help to reduce the prevalence of seropositive animals and herds in endemic regions.