Among the many environmental and industrial factors that adversely affect the soil, the pollution with heavy metals and mycotoxins occupies a special place in livestock breeding. This study aimed to demonstrate methods of treating and pharmacological correction of a toxic state intensified by heavy metals and mycotoxins in cattle using native drug as mycotoxin-deactivating feed additive. A total of 20 highly productive Holstein cows aged 3-4 years were divided into 2 groups, based on clinical and biochemical parameters. The experimental group (n=10) fed a diet supplemented with 4% sorption complex and a drug based on Silybum marianum and ursodeoxycholic acid as a hepatoprotector named “Hepaton-vet”. The control group (n=10) was injected with a complex of sorbents (consisting of perlite, vermiculite, and polyphepan in equal proportions) at a dose of 4% of the daily intake of food, and the rest of the treatment was carried out with the help of daily infusion therapy. So in the feed samples, only the T-2 and Deoxynivalenol (DON) indicators exceeded the normal value by 1.66% and, 3%, respectively. Thus, the practical efficiency concerning T-2, aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol were to 100%, 86%, 18%, respectively. Cadmium in compound feed was lower by 44%, in comparison with the maximum permissible concentration, followed by 53.3% in hay and 78% in silage. The amount of lead in compound feed and silage was 78%, and it was 35% in the hay. In conclusion, the use of a complex of sorbents, together with newly developed component “Hepaton-vet”, led to positive results, allowing for the identification of several effects that influenced the metabolic processes in the liver, which was confirmed by the results of morpho-biochemical blood tests and clinical diagnostics of the animals' condition.

The aim of the study was to establish the ultrastructural organization of hepatocytes of the Anglo-Nubian goat. Livers of adult goats of the Anglo-Nubian breed served as the material for the study. The study was carried out using the electron microscopic method. For this purpose, fragments of liver parenchyma tissues, no larger than 2.0 mm3, were selected. The tissue samples were fixed in a 2.0% glutaraldehyde solution on a cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2-7.4) for 2 hours. Then, they were washed in three portions of the same buffer and post-fixed in a 1.0% solution of osmium tetrachloride (prepared in cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2-7.4) for 1 hour. Samples were dehydrated in increasing concentrations of alcohol and anhydrous acetone. The tissue fragments were then embedded in Epon-812. Ultrathin sections were obtained using an ultramicrotome (LKB-III, Sweden) and processed with 2.0% aqueous uranyl acetate and lead citrate solutions. The resulting ultrathin sections were photographed using a Jem-1011 electron microscope (JEOL, Japan) at 2500-3000? magnification. It was established that two morphological types of hepatocytes can be distinguished in the liver parenchyma of the Anglo-Nubian goat at the ultrastructural level ? dark and light, both with characteristic morphological features. Dark hepatocytes have a high electron-optical density due to the presence of a larger number of organelles. Light hepatocytes are characterized by a smaller number of organelles and a lower electron-optical density than dark hepatocytes.

When analyzing the regulatory documents governing the rational use of humane and veterinary medicines it can be concluded that the humane and veterinary pharmac

Introduction. One of the most progressive directions of the modern stage of development of biology is the deepening of knowledge about the mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes, in particular about signal molecules that transmit information to the cell through ion channels and nuclear receptors associated with G-protein or with enzymatic activity. The nuclear Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is mainly expressed in the liver and intestines, it regulates key genes that provide the processes of synthesis, transport and reabsorption of bile acids, and is also involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates.Aim. To evaluate the effect of a farnesoid X receptor agonist on postprandial lipemia in rats fed a supraphysiological fat diet.Materials and methods. An experimental, prospective, controlled, unblinded, randomized study was conducted to study the effect of a farnesoid X receptor agonist (obeticholic acid) on postprandial lipemia in rats receiving a diet containing a supraphysiological dose of fats.Results and discussion. It has been shown that when assessing postprandial lipemia, an oral test for tolerance to supraphysiological doses of fat with the determination of the initial lipid profile parameters and 4 hours after exercise has a sufficiently high information content. It was found that in animals that received a diet containing an increased amount of fat for 28 days, there was an imbalance in lipid metabolism with activation of their absorption in the intestine, but a "slow" reaction of the mechanisms of intermediate lipid metabolism, which was accompanied by the accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood of hungry rats, chylomicrons and LDL. At 4 hours post-feeding, these animals showed abnormal increases in triglycerides and cholesterol.Conclusion. The use of obeticholic acid harmonizes lipid metabolism against the background of alimentary fat load, due to the activation of farnesoid X-receptors of the intestine and liver, which is manifested by a simultaneous increase in the intensity of lipid absorption processes and their intermediate metabolism. As a result, the risk of hyperchylomicronemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is eliminated, the likelihood of developing secondary hyperlipedemia, insulin tolerance and functional overload (or pathology) of the liver is reduced.

The aim of this research was to establish features of the liver histo-hematic barriers ultrastructural organization of the Anglo-Nubian goat. The liver of an adult Anglo-Nubian goat was used as the material. The work was carried out using the electron microscopic method. Liver parenchymal tissue fragments were selected. These samples were fixed in a 2.0% glutaraldehyde solution on a cacodylate buffer for two hours. They were then washed in three portions of the same buffer and post-fixed in a 1.0% solution of osmium tetrachloride for one hour. The samples were then dehydrated in alcohols of ascending concentration and absolute acetone. The subsequent filling of the fragments was carried out in Epon-812. Ultrathin sections were obtained on an ultramicrotome, contrasted with a 2.0% aqueous solution of uranyl acetate and a solution of lead citrate. The ultrathin sections were photographed with a Jem-1011 electron microscope at magnifications of 2500-3000. Two histo-hematic barriers are detected in the liver of the studied animals hemato-hepatic and hepatobiliary. The hemato-hepatic barrier is formed by the plasmalemma of the apical end of the hepatocyte, covered by the glycocalyx, the perisinusoidal space of the Disse, the endotheliocyte of the sinusoid capillary, as well as Kupfer cells located in the lumen of the latter. The hepatobiliary includes all of the above structures, with the exception of Kupfer cells, as well as the plasmalemma of the basal end of the hepatocyte. All of the above structures in their organization have characteristic species features for Anglo-Nubian goats.