Among many environmental factors nutrition is paramount, permanently and exclusively affecting in multidisciplinary mode on the biological and social essence of the human body. Therefore, this article describes the results of the actual supply of people aged of 60-89 years taking into account their eating habits associated with age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. The study involved 611 respondents aged of 60-89 years, including men (23.9%) and women - 76.1%, living in Astana, the average age accounts of 73 ± 0.41years. The actual food was studied by frequency and a 24-hour simulation, recommended by the WHO for epidemiological studies. In assessing the adequacy of the supply of the reference values there were taken norms of physiological requirements in energy and nutrients for the population of gerontological groups of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the norms of consumption of micronutrients on a scale of FAO / WHO. The study of the actual nutrition of the category of persons of Astana showed the diet of elderly people to be consisted of foods containing mostly protein and animal fats and digestible carbohydrates, while two latters were characterized by an excess of saturated fatty acids, the lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids, a high level of simple consumption carbohydrates from refined foods such as sugar, refined cereals, flour and poly- micronutrient failure of the nutrition on vitamins (deficiency of vitamin D, a, B1, E, C, biotin, folic and pantothenic acid) and minerals (calcium deficiency, potassium).

The aim of this study was to assess bone health in individuals over 60 years of age in Kazakhstan, focusing on the relationship between osteoporosis, body mass index (BMI), body composition, and nutritional factors. This study included 1961 participants, consisting of 1620 women and 341 men, aged 60 to 89. Bone strength was assessed using quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus, while fracture risk was assessed with the FRAX tool. Osteoporosis was detected in 20.2% of women and 15.2% of men, and osteopenia affected 59.8% of women and 58.4% of men. A total of 73.7% of the participants were overweight, 38.2% were pre-obese, and 35.5% were obese. The results of the study emphasise that, in addition to classic nutrients (calcium, vitamin D, protein), a number of trace elements and vitamins (selenium, iodine, zinc, vitamin B6, phytosterols) also play a significant, possibly indirect, role in bone metabolism. An inverse correlation was observed between BMI and osteoporosis prevalence; with a decrease in BMI, the incidence of osteoporosis increased (women: χ² = 26.0, df = 2, p < 0.001; men: χ² = 4.29, df = 2, p < 0.014; total sample: χ² = 32.3, df = 2, p < 0.001), thus confirming that excess body fat exerts a protective effect on bone health. Significant risk factors for osteoporosis included age, height, and weight. A link was found between the age of first osteoporosis onset and BMI (from 65 to 72.14 years). This confirms the value of FRAX for accurately assessing fracture risk and developing personalised recommendations based on anthropometric and dietary characteristics. Future longitudinal research is warranted to validate these results and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the predictive power of novel anthropometric parameters such as the Body Roundness Index and Body Shape Index.

Background: The relation of circulating α-Klotho to individual leukocyte populations is uncertain. An exploratory 13-marker hematological screen identified eosinophils as a candidate signal, motivating this focused analysis. Methods: The grant-funded α-Klotho substudy included 504 assayed serum specimens. After excluding one participant aged < 60 years and one with missing age, 502 participants were eligible. α-Klotho was measured with the FineTest Human SAKL ELISA kit (EH4278; calibration range 93.75–6000 pg/mL). Because results above the upper calibrator had been software-extrapolated without repeat dilution, the primary analysis was restricted to 397 participants with reported concentrations ≤ 6000 pg/mL; 388 had an eosinophil count. Spearman’s correlations were corrected across 13 hematological markers using Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment. Ordinary least-squares models used HC3 heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors. Results: Median α-Klotho in the primary cohort was 1179.67 pg/mL (IQR 920.07–1686.51). Absolute eosinophil count correlated weakly with α-Klotho (ρ = 0.120; p = 0.018), but the association did not survive correction across the screening family (q = 0.146). In the fully adjusted model (n = 376), each 1 SD higher log-eosinophil count was associated with 8.4% higher α-Klotho (95% CI 2.0–15.2%; p = 0.009). The quartile trend was significant (p = 0.019), whereas median regression produced a smaller estimate (5.4%; bootstrap 95% CI −0.6 to 12.5%). Estimates were similar after recruitment-stratum adjustment and after excluding eosinophilia, chronic respiratory disease, or leukocyte counts > 15 × 10⁹/L. Conclusions: Within the assay calibration range, higher eosinophil counts were associated with modestly higher serum α-Klotho after adjustment for measured covariates. The post hoc origin, assay limitations, and cross-sectional design make this a hypothesis-generating immune association rather than evidence of causality, healthy longevity, or a clinical threshold.

Ensuring the population with adequate nutrition in terms of composition and volume remains one of the unsolved global problems. The purpose of the study: To conduct a study of the nutritional status of students.Methods. The study involved 1,533 students of higher educational institutions in Astana aged 18-20 years, including 812 girls and 721 boys. To assess the nutritional status, the 24-hour food reproduction method was used, adapted to take into account regional dietary characteristics.Results. The study of the nutritional status of students revealed significant deviations in the structure of students' nutrition, reflecting both a deficiency of critically important micronutrients and excessive consumption of individual macronutrients.Conclusions. This study emphasizes the critical role of rational nutrition in maintaining the health of student youth. The identified imbalances require an integrated approach that combines the efforts of health workers, teachers. The results of the work can be used to develop national programs to improve the health of students and form a culture of healthy eating in Kazakhstan.Key words: nutritional status, students, macronutrients, micronutrients, healthy eating.

Цель: Провести донозологическую оценку состояния здоровья студентов 1 курса НАО «Медицинский университет Астана» Материалы и методы: В исследовании приняли участие 1777 студентов. Использовался метод экспресс-оценки состояния здоровья по Г.Л. Апанасенко, включающий индексы массы тела, жизненный и силовой индексы, уровень функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы и пробу Мартине. Полученные данные классифицировались на 5 уровней здоровья. Результаты: Было выявлено, что у большинства студентов уровень здоровья находится на низком и среднем уровнях. Среди юношей низкий уровень здоровья был зафиксирован у 40.5%, среди девушек – у 55%. Анализ показателей выявил значимые различия между полами. Результаты исследования подчеркивают необходимость разработки индивидуальных оздоровительных программ для студентов. Выводы: Выявленные различия в уровнях здоровья требуют персонализированного подхода в профилактической медицине для улучшения состояния здоровья студентов.