A vast number of researchers have investigated the impact of nutrition education on children's behavior and attitudes. In most of the studies, it has been revealed that health and balanced nutrition education has a positive effect on students' nutritional habits, body structure and academic achievement. The aim of this study is to determine whether the nutrition education program has an effect on students' nutritional attitudes and behaviors, sports attitudes and performance, and academic achievement. For this purpose, an experimental research design with pretest-posttest control group was used. A total of 60 students in the experimental and control groups participated in the research in Kazakhstan. The data of the study were collected with the 'Nutritional Behavior Scale', 'Attitude towards Nutrition Scale', 'Sport Performance Scale', 'Attitude towards Sports Scale' and 'General Academic Achievement Test'. According to the results of the study, the students who received the nutrition education program achieved positive nutrition attitudes and behaviors, higher sports performance and attitudes compared to the students in the control group who did not undergo any experimental procedure. However, no significant difference was found in the general academic achievement of the experimental and control groups.

In this study, the effect of a training program developed for healthy nutrition, increasing physical activity and reducing technological addiction on the related behaviors and habits of young athletes was examined. In the study, which was carried out according to the pre-test post-test model with control group, the curriculum developed for the research variables in the experimental group was applied in 4 modules. In the study, no experimental application was applied to the participants in the control group. There were 30 young athletes in the experimental group and 30 young athletes in the control group. Young athletes in the experimental and control groups were equal to each other in terms of gender, age, eating habits and physical activity. 'Dutch Nutrition Behavior Scale', 'Technological Addiction Scale' and 'Physical Activity Questionnaire' were used as data collection tools in the study. According to the findings of the study, it was found that the negative nutritional behaviors and technological addiction of the athletes in the experimental group decreased, while their physical activity levels increased compared to their peers in the control group.

The aim of this study was to assess bone health in individuals over 60 years of age in Kazakhstan, focusing on the relationship between osteoporosis, body mass index (BMI), body composition, and nutritional factors. This study included 1961 participants, consisting of 1620 women and 341 men, aged 60 to 89. Bone strength was assessed using quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus, while fracture risk was assessed with the FRAX tool. Osteoporosis was detected in 20.2% of women and 15.2% of men, and osteopenia affected 59.8% of women and 58.4% of men. A total of 73.7% of the participants were overweight, 38.2% were pre-obese, and 35.5% were obese. The results of the study emphasise that, in addition to classic nutrients (calcium, vitamin D, protein), a number of trace elements and vitamins (selenium, iodine, zinc, vitamin B6, phytosterols) also play a significant, possibly indirect, role in bone metabolism. An inverse correlation was observed between BMI and osteoporosis prevalence; with a decrease in BMI, the incidence of osteoporosis increased (women: χ² = 26.0, df = 2, p < 0.001; men: χ² = 4.29, df = 2, p < 0.014; total sample: χ² = 32.3, df = 2, p < 0.001), thus confirming that excess body fat exerts a protective effect on bone health. Significant risk factors for osteoporosis included age, height, and weight. A link was found between the age of first osteoporosis onset and BMI (from 65 to 72.14 years). This confirms the value of FRAX for accurately assessing fracture risk and developing personalised recommendations based on anthropometric and dietary characteristics. Future longitudinal research is warranted to validate these results and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the predictive power of novel anthropometric parameters such as the Body Roundness Index and Body Shape Index.

BACKGROUND: Non-pharmacological treatments are an integral part of the treatment of all patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, due to many factors, doctors and patients themselves tend to underestimate or completely neglect such effective methods in managing the course of the disease. Despite the high level of evidence of the effectiveness of this type of treatment for T2D, every year scientists around the world continue to actively study the effect of various non-drug methods on the course of the disease.AIM: To study the effect of a 24-week structured non-pharmacological treatment program on glycated hemoglobin reduction and weight loss in middle-aged patients with compensated T2D taking metformin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A two-group, randomized, parallel-group, blinded trial was designed. Patients with an established diagnosis of T2D in the stage of compensation (HbA_1c ≤7%), aged 45–59 years, taking metformin, were randomized to receive either standard non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes according to clinical protocol of T2D treatment in Kazakhstan, or an intensive course of non-pharmacological treatment according to a structured program developed by researchers. The duration of the intervention was 24 weeks. Primary outcomes were glycated hemoglobin, body weight. Secondary outcomes: blood pressure, waist circumference, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipid profile: total cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins, triglycerides. The outcomes of the participants in both groups were assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks after randomization. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04632823.RESULTS: The study included 200 patients, 67 patients completed the study: intervention group n=33, control group n=34. After 24 weeks of observation, patients in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in HbA_1c from 6.34% to 6.22%, p<0.001, while for the control group the level of HbA_1c remained the same at 6.5% (p=0.703). Patients in both groups significantly reduced body weight, however, the decrease in the intervention group was more significant: by 6.7% of the initial level, while in the control group, only 1.1%. LDL, triglycerides, cholesterol level, HOMA-IR 2, and diastolic blood pressure did not decline significantly in the control group. All biochemical characteristics except triglycerides and LDL decreased significantly in the intervention group.CONCLUSION: The use of a structured program of non-pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus among compensated (HbA_1c ≤7%) middle-aged patients who took metformin significantly reduced body weight and glycated hemoglobin in 24 weeks.

Морковь (Daucus carota L.) - важная сельскохозяйственная культура семейства Apiaceae, имеющая высокую пищевую и биологическую ценность. Корнеплоды моркови содержат широкий спектр питательных веществ и биологически активных соединений, включая каротиноиды и флавоноиды. В данной статье представлен аналитический обзор современных научных данных о полезных свойствах моркови, включая ее антиоксидантное, противовоспалительное и онкопротекторное действия, а также влияния на иммунную систему. Отмечена высокая профилактическая ценность моркови как для взрослых, так и для детей. Регулярное потребление моркови в составе ежедневного рациона, в том числе в виде функциональных продуктов и натуральных добавок, способствует укреплению здоровья и снижению риска развития ряда хронических заболеваний.

Older adults in residential care are usually described as a group at high risk of undernutrition, yet data on the nutritional and cardiometabolic status of institutionalised older adults in Central Asia are scarce. We aimed to characterise the anthropometric, dietary and biochemical profile of older residents of a state social-care institution in Kazakhstan and to examine whether overnutrition, micronutrient inadequacy and cardiometabolic risk coexist. In this cross-sectional study, 62 adults aged 60 years and over from the “Sharapat” centre in Astana underwent anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance body-composition analysis, blood-pressure measurement, dietary assessment (specialized nutrition questionnaires, a 24-hour dietary recall and food diaries) with calculation of nutrient intakes, and venous blood and urine testing; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and trace elements were measured in 29 participants. Laboratory analyses and data processing were performed at the Research Institute of Preventive Medicine named after E.D. Dalenov, Astana Medical University. The sample (61.3% men; mean age 74.0 years) showed a high cardiometabolic burden, with arterial hypertension in 63%, total cholesterol of at least 5.0 mmol/L in 60%, LDL-cholesterol of at least 3.0 mmol/L in 71%, and overweight or obesity in 58%, whereas only 5% were underweight. Habitual diets were high in sodium (71% above 2000 mg/day) and low in potassium (92% below 3500 mg/day), calcium (85% below 1000 mg/day) and fibre (90% below 25 g/day). Among those tested, 79% had vitamin D deficiency, and overweight or obesity coexisted with vitamin D deficiency in 16 of 29 participants. None of 56 exploratory diet-risk correlations survived correction for multiple testing. Rather than the undernutrition typical of residential care, these residents displayed a double burden of malnutrition-excess adiposity and cardiometabolic risk alongside micronutrient-poor diets and widespread vitamin D deficiency-identifying concrete targets for institutional catering, supplementation and cardiometabolic screening.