Neuropsychiatric disorders significantly contribute to the global burden of disease, often associated with multiple health issues such as obesity, diabetes, liver disease, and metabolic syndrome risk factors. Although multifactorial causes underlie neuropsychiatric disorders, recent research has revealed a significant correlation between diet, metabolism, and neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. Psychotropic medication is the primary treatment for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but its effectiveness can vary from patient to patient and may cause severe adverse reactions. Treatment and management of neuropsychiatric disorders should include not only medication therapy but also nutritional interventions and lifestyle changes. An integrated approach, which includes assessing and correcting nutritional deficiencies and promoting healthy eating habits, could improve treatment outcomes and the quality of life for patients.

Background: D. giganteiformis subsp. pontederae and D. superbus subsp. superbus are protected or critically endangered species in several European regions; therefore, developing an efficient in vitro micropropagation protocol is essential for germplasm conservation and recultivation purposes. Results: After germination, one-nodal segments of both species were transferred onto several MS media supplemented with 3% sucrose and different types of cytokinins (at a concentration of 4.5 µM) alongside 0.54 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for the multiplication phase for 3 weeks. The shoot clusters were subsequently transferred onto elongation medium (plant growth regulator-free MS medium) for 3 weeks. Individual shoots separated from the shoot clusters were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.54 µM NAA and 2% sucrose for 3 weeks for rooting. Taking into account the effects and after-effects of cytokinins, we found that the most suitable cytokinin for D. giganteiformis subsp. pontederae was N-(2-isopentenyl)-adenine (2-iP), while for D. superbus subsp. superbus it was meta-topolin (mT). Conclusions: In vitro micropropagation methods were developed for two endangered Dianthus species (D. giganteiformis subsp. pontederae and D. superbus subsp. superbus) by determining the optimal type of cytokinin to be used during the multiplication phase. The protocols are designed to produce large quantities of propagation material for recultivation, educational, and research purposes within three months.

The purpose of this study is to assess the association between digital biomarkers on diet compliance and other health-related outcomes in adults willing to change their eating behaviours. This study employed a mixed-method, cross-sectional design with 100 participants over three months. Basic demographic and clinical data were obtained, and self-monitoring was done using digital biomarkers of diet and physical activity. The dietary compliance level was measured pre- and post-intervention using a dietary questionnaire. Quantitative analyses included paired t-tests, correlation, regression, and mediation analyses to assess the impact of digital biomarkers on nutritional and health outcomes. There was a statistically significant improvement in dietary adherence scores post-intervention (t = 9.61, p < 0.001). A positive relationship was found between digital biomarker use and diet consumption (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and weight loss (r = 0.32, p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that baseline dietary adherence and biomarker use were significant predictors of weight loss (F (1, 22) = 7.92; p < 0.001 and F (1,22) = 7.69; p < 0.01), though the model explained only 20% of variance, suggesting other influencing factors. This study identified usefulness, motivation, and responsibility as key themes related to digital biomarker use. Digital biomarkers hold potential for enhancing personalised nutrition interventions and adherence to dietary recommendations. Future research should focus on data privacy, user involvement, and improving AI algorithms for clinical implementation.

Cydia interscindana (Möschler, 1866) has spread through several European countries in the past few years, becoming an invasive pest of ornamental trees. It was collected in Hungary for the first time in a pheromone trap set for Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) in 2014. Here we discuss its recent distribution in Hungary based on intensive sampling between 2018 and 2020, which showed the dispersal of the pest by humans. Two formerly unknown host plants are also recorded. The damage caused by the larvae, the external morphology of the adult male, larva, pupa (described for the first time) and pupal exuviae are presented. We also analyse DNA barcodes, identifying this pest for the first time via DNA sequencing of immature stages. Introduction Cydia interscindana is native in the Mediterranean region, where it was described by Möschler in 1866 from Andalusia. It is distributed in Mediterranean countries including Portugal (Corley 2004), Spain (Férriz et al. 2006), France (Lévêque et al. 2017) and Italy (Minelli 1995). Later the species was recorded in the British Isles (Knill-Jones 2020), Belgium (De Prins 2016), Switzerland (Swisslepteam 2010), Slovakia (Pastorális et al. 2018) and Russia (Caucasus; Schurov et al. 2017). In Hungary, Cydia interscindana adults were caught by a sticky delta pheromone trap (CSALOMON RAG type) for Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus 1758) in 2014 during a study on swarming dynamics of the latter pest in Budapest. This provided the first record of the species in the Carpathian basin (Szabóky 2014; Takács and Szabóky 2015). In the Mediterranean region larvae feed on Juniperus oxycedrus (L.) (Miller 1990). In Belgium the larva was recorded on Juniperus spp. (Meert et al. 2019). J. oxycedrus is not native in Hungary, but Cupressus × leylandii A.B. Jacks. & Dallim 1926, Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco 1949 and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray bis) Parl. 1864 are popular evergreens used as ornamental trees both in parks and gardens. In Hungary several pests of these plants have been recorded, all probably introduced with imported plants; in the literature, 11 Lepidoptera, nine Coleoptera and six Hemiptera species have been mentioned already (Csóka and Kovács 1999; Maráczi 2013; Bozsik et al. 2016; Schurov et al. 2017). However, until the end of the 2000s, only Scolytidae (Coleoptera) species caused serious damage (Bozsik and Szőcs 2017). In 2012, an outbreak of the formerly detected (Muskovits 2001) Lamprodila festiva (Linnaeus 1767) (Buprestidae) took place in Budapest (Németh 2012) causing serious damage on Platycladus orientalis and several ornamental gymnosperm species. This outbreak was certainly caused by introduced specimens, that had arrived with trees from the Mediterranean region where this beetle is a well-known pest (Merkl 2016), whose abundance in Hungary increases due to climatic change (Csóka et al. 2018). Based on the available data, in Hungary this beetle pest has also been blamed for all the damage caused on Cupressus, Platycladus and Chamaecyparis trees and management has been carried out only against them. In 2018, a larva of L. festiva, an unidentified caterpillar and a freshly emerged specimen of Cydia interscindana were collected simultaneously from a Leyland cypress in Székesfehérvár (Central Hungary). In that year, similar Lepidoptera larvae were found in three neighbouring villages: Velence, Sukoró and Pákozd. To identify the sampled caterpillar, DNA analysis was undertaken. Additionally, in 2019–2020 a country-wide investigation was carried out to map the distribution and abundance of C. interscindana and gather data on bionomics of this pest in the Carpathian basin.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widely consumed grain legume in Europe, yet dry bean production in Hungary remains below domestic demand. This study aimed to identify optimal cultivation strategies for improving yield by evaluating the combined effects of sowing time, plant density, and fertiliser dose across three dry bean varieties under field conditions in Nyíregyháza (Hungary) from 2015 to 2017. The results revealed that all three agronomic factors significantly influenced yield and its components, with varietal differences in response patterns. Sowing time and plant density consistently affected pod number, thousand-seed weight, and yield per plant. Fertiliser application had a more variable impact, depending on the variety and year. The findings underline the importance of variety-specific recommendations to optimise yield under varying environmental and soil conditions.