Background: There are few contemporary cohorts of Trypanosoma cruzi –seropositive individuals, and the basic clinical epidemiology of Chagas disease is poorly understood. Herein, we report the incidence of cardiomyopathy and death associated with T. cruzi seropositivity. Methods: Participants were selected in blood banks at 2 Brazilian centers. Cases were defined as T. cruzi –seropositive blood donors. T. cruzi –seronegative controls were matched for age, sex, and period of donation. Patients with established Chagas cardiomyopathy were recruited from a tertiary outpatient service. Participants underwent medical examination, blood collection, ECG, and echocardiogram at enrollment (2008–2010) and at follow-up (2018–2019). The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and development of cardiomyopathy, defined as the presence of a left ventricular ejection fraction <50% or QRS complex duration ≥120 ms, or both. To handle loss to follow-up, a sensitivity analysis was performed using inverse probability weights for selection. Results: We enrolled 499 T. cruzi –seropositive donors (age 48±10 years, 52% male), 488 T. cruzi –seronegative donors (age 49±10 years, 49% male), and 101 patients with established Chagas cardiomyopathy (age 48±8 years, 59% male). The mortality in patients with established cardiomyopathy was 80.9 deaths/1000 person-years (py) (54/101, 53%) and 15.1 deaths/1000 py (17/114, 15%) in T. cruzi –seropositive donors with cardiomyopathy at baseline. Among T. cruzi –seropositive donors without cardiomyopathy at baseline, mortality was 3.7 events/1000 py (15/385, 4%), which was no different from T. cruzi –seronegative donors with 3.6 deaths/1000 py (17/488, 3%). The incidence of cardiomyopathy in T. cruzi –seropositive donors was 13.8 (95% CI, 9.5–19.6) events/1000 py (32/262, 12%) compared with 4.6 (95% CI, 2.3–8.3) events/1000 py (11/277, 4%) in seronegative controls, with an absolute incidence difference associated with T. cruzi seropositivity of 9.2 (95% CI, 3.6–15.0) events/1000 py. T. cruzi antibody level at baseline was associated with development of cardiomyopathy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1–1.8]). Conclusions: We present a comprehensive description of the natural history of T. cruzi seropositivity in a contemporary patient population. The results highlight the central importance of anti– T. cruzi antibody titer as a marker of Chagas disease activity and risk of progression.

Sumário 1. Conceitos Básicos sobre o Estudo da Deformação do Ventrículo Esquerdo 7 1.1. Breve Introdução aos Princípios Físicos da Formação dos Speckles na Imagem Cardiovascular 7 […] Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista – 2023 Sumário 1. Conceitos Básicos sobre o Estudo da Deformação do Ventrículo Esquerdo 7 1.1. Breve Introdução aos Princípios Físicos da Formação dos Speckles na Imagem Cardiovascular 7 […] Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista – 2023

1. Introduction Scientific knowledge of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has significantly improved in the past decades. A better understanding of its pathogenesis, significant advances in the use of imaging methods, and the more common application of genetic analysis, in addition to a better characterization of the natural history of this myocardial disease, have profoundly reformulated its clinical and prognostic significance. Conversely, these processes were accompanied by the development of new medications addressing molecular mechanisms intrinsically linked to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis [...] 1. Introduction Scientific knowledge of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has significantly improved in the past decades. A better understanding of its pathogenesis, significant advances in the use of imaging methods, and the more common application of genetic analysis, in addition to a better characterization of the natural history of this myocardial disease, have profoundly reformulated its clinical and prognostic significance. Conversely, these processes were accompanied by the development of new medications addressing molecular mechanisms intrinsically linked to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis

1. Introdução O conhecimento médico científico sobre a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) recebeu grande avanço nas últimas décadas. O melhor entendimento da sua patogênese, os avanços expressivos no emprego dos métodos de imagem e a aplicação mais corriqueira da análise genética, além da melhor caracterização da história natural dessa doença miocárdica, trouxeram uma profunda reformulação do seu significado clínico e prognóstico. Por outro lado, esses progressos foram acompanhados do desenvolvimento de novas drogas endereçando mecanismos moleculares intrinsecamente ligados à fisiopatogênese da [...] 1. Introdução O conhecimento médico científico sobre a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) recebeu grande avanço nas últimas décadas. O melhor entendimento da sua patogênese, os avanços expressivos no emprego dos métodos de imagem e a aplicação mais corriqueira da análise genética, além da melhor caracterização da história natural dessa doença miocárdica, trouxeram uma profunda reformulação do seu significado clínico e prognóstico. Por outro lado, esses progressos foram acompanhados do desenvolvimento de novas drogas endereçando mecanismos moleculares intrinsecamente ligados à fisiopatogênese da