Objective: Aside from affecting various organs such as the eyes, kidneys, and heart, diabetes can also lead to significant complications in oral health. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of oral complications linked to diabetes and to evaluate the oral hygiene status of diabetic patients. Methods: 400 patients who applied to Imam Khomeini University Hospital's endocrinology department in Iran and who were between the ages of 30 and 60 and had been diagnosed with diabetes for at least two years were included in this study. A 16-item survey form was completed by volunteer patients. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHIS) was used to assess the state of oral hygiene. Results: Oral findings were observed in 88.25% of the cases. A statistically significant relationship was found between the increase in HbA1c levels and the increased frequency of oral manifestations (p=0.04). The most prevalent symptoms related to oral complications were dry mouth (57.75%) and an unpleasant taste in the mouth (22.25%). 22% of individuals reported that they used miswak (salvadora persica). In 72.5% of cases, dental hygiene was moderate. Conclusion: The prevalence of accompanying oral complications in diabetic patients was identified to be notably high. It is crucial for physicians to educate and guide patients toward achieving optimal oral hygiene to restore oral health in individuals with diabetes. Ensuring optimal oral hygiene is essential to mitigate the impact of oral complications caused by diabetes.

Objectives: Similar mechanisms and risk factors are considered to involve in the progression of osteoporosis and periodontitis. Bisphosphonates present anti-inflammatory activity and inhibit the release of proinflammator cytokines. Therefore their use as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment has been introduced. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment and medical treatment of osteoporosis by bisphosphonates on the clinical outcomes and salivary levels of interleukine- 1 beta (IL-1β) , interleukine-17, (IL-17) and 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Materials and Methods: 25 postmenopausal women with periodontitis and osteoporosis (group 1), 25 systemically healthy patients with periodontitis (group 2) and 25 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (group 3) were enrolled in this study. In the group 1, patients who used systemic alendronate once weekly (70 mg) for at least 3 months, were included. Clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment loss) and saliva samples were analyzed at baseline, 1 month and 3 months after non-surgical therapy. Results: All clinical parameters were significantly higher in osteoporotic patients than in the systemically healthy group (p

This study compared nuclear abnormalities and cytomorphometric characteristics of exfoliated buccal epithelial cells across clinical groups defined by glycemic status and periodontal stage. A total of 156 participants were allocated into seven groups based on glycemic status and periodontal condition: four groups with type 2 diabetes stratified by HbA1c level (<7% or ≥7%) and periodontitis stage (Stage I–II or Stage III–IV), two periodontitis groups without diabetes (Stage I–II or Stage III–IV), and a periodontally healthy reference group without diabetes. Exfoliated buccal cells were assessed for micronuclei, binucleated cells, perinuclear halos, inflammatory cell presence, nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Data were analyzed using multivariable regression models adjusted for age group and sex. Significant adjusted differences were observed across the seven clinical groups for micronuclei, binucleated cells, inflammatory cell presence, NA, CA, and the N/C ratio. The highest micronucleus and binucleated cell counts were generally observed in the HbA1c ≥ 7% groups (p < 0.001). NA and the N/C ratio were higher in groups with diabetes than in groups without diabetes, with the highest values observed in the HbA1c ≥ 7% groups. Diabetes duration showed no consistent association with cytogenetic or morphometric parameters. Within the clinical groups examined, differences in buccal epithelial nuclear abnormalities and cytomorphometric measures were generally more consistent across glycemic categories than between periodontal stages within the same glycemic category.