Background: Diabetic eye surface disease, including dry eye syndrome, corneal neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, is a common complication of diabetes. Tear fluid biomarkers may aid in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate tear fluid biomarkers in diabetic ocular surface disease according to PRISMA guidelines. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched through June 2025. Eligible studies included clinical and observational studies measuring proteins, lipids, cytokines, trace elements, or nucleic acids in tear fluids in patients with diabetes. Results: The search identified 198 studies, and of those, 30 studies were included, comprising 14 original investigations with 871 participants (133 with type 1 diabetes, 453 with type 2 diabetes, 16 with pre-diabetes, and 269 healthy controls). The main biomarker categories were cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MMP-9), neuropeptides (substance P, NPY), proteins (IGFBP-3, progranulin), lipids, glycans, microRNAs, circRNAs, and trace elements. Conclusions: More than a dozen biomarkers in the tear fluid have been identified that may reflect diabetes-related changes in the ocular surface. Tear fluid analysis may be a valuable tool in personalizing the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ocular surface diseases, but further studies are needed to confirm its clinical significance.

Background/Objectives : Intermediate vision has become increasingly important after cataract surgery because many daily activities require functional visual performance beyond distance vision alone. Enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses may improve intermediate visual function while maintaining good distance visual acuity. The aim of this study was to compare binocular distance and intermediate visual outcomes after bilateral implantation of Clareon and TECNIS Eyhance intraocular lenses. Methods: This was a single-center, non-randomized comparative observational study with assessment of postoperative visual outcomes. Eighty-six patients who had previously undergone uncomplicated bilateral age-related cataract surgery with implantation of the same IOL model in both eyes were included. Forty-two patients received Clareon IOLs and forty-four patients received TECNIS Eyhance IOLs. Postoperative assessment was performed at least 12 weeks after surgery of the second eye. Binocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) were measured using ETDRS charts at 4 m and 66 cm. Results: Baseline biometric and clinical parameters were comparable between groups. Mean postoperative DCIVA was 0.23 ± 0.09 logMAR in the Clareon group and 0.21 ± 0.08 logMAR in the Eyhance group. The mean between-group difference, calculated as Clareon minus Eyhance, was 0.02 logMAR, with a 95% confidence interval from −0.02 to 0.06 logMAR. Mean binocular CDVA was 0.02 ± 0.02 logMAR in the Clareon group and 0.02 ± 0.03 logMAR in the Eyhance group, with a 95% confidence interval for the between-group difference from −0.01 to 0.01 logMAR. Mean postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent was −0.27 ± 0.42 D in the Clareon group and −0.29 ± 0.37 D in the Eyhance group. Conclusions: Both Clareon and TECNIS Eyhance IOLs provided good binocular distance and intermediate visual acuity after bilateral implantation. Intermediate visual performance after Clareon implantation was comparable to that achieved with TECNIS Eyhance, while distance visual acuity remained similarly high in both groups. These findings suggest that both IOL models may represent useful options for patients undergoing cataract surgery who expect good distance vision and functional intermediate visual performance.

Background/Objectives: Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectatic disorder leading to irregular astigmatism and visual impairment. INTACS intracorneal ring segments are used to improve corneal shape and visual function; however, postoperative complications may occur. A comprehensive and evidence-based evaluation of visual outcomes and complications after INTACS implantation is therefore warranted. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language articles published between January 2015 and December 2025 using the terms INTACS, intracorneal ring segments, keratoconus, and complications, following a systematic literature search conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Only studies reporting INTACS-specific outcomes were included. Studies evaluating other intracorneal ring systems were excluded unless INTACS data could be separately extracted. Results: Seventeen studies comprising 544 eyes were included. INTACS implantation was associated with consistent improvements in visual acuity and corneal parameters. However, clinically relevant device-related complications, including segment migration, extrusion, and the need for secondary procedures such as repositioning or explantation, remain an important limitation. These findings indicate that although INTACS is an effective corneal regularization strategy, long-term safety depends on careful patient selection, precise surgical technique, and close postoperative surveillance. Conclusions: INTACS implantation is an effective option for visual rehabilitation in patients with keratoconus; however, its long-term safety is limited by the risk of device-related complications. Careful patient selection, appropriate surgical technique, and structured postoperative follow-up are essential to optimize outcomes and minimize adverse events.

Reconstructive proctocolectomy is the method of choice in the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). It allows maintenance of the natural way of passing stools. However, the created intestinal reservoir may cause many metabolic and functional problems for patients. Often, inflammation of...