The contribution proposes the individuation of innovative methods for the design of systems-products in production through the use of virtual reality, from the interaction between the discipline of design and the technology in the manufacturing systems in constant evolving. Industry 4.0 represents the transformation through digital information systems that generate a productive and socio-economic change and the level necessary to address the major contemporary competitive challenges. The new production paradigm a new level of human-machine interaction. The role of the person changes and takes on greater importance in the digitized factory through the contribution of Ergonomics, highlighting the centrality of design by the virtual ergonomics that allows the preliminary verification of the issues related to the postures of the operator of production during the working activities increasing the well-being. Virtual technologies and discipline of design anticipate new design experiences and multiple scenarios for the configuration of new products and services.

In current industrial systems, automation is a very important aspect for assessing manufacturing production performance related to working times, accuracy of operations and quality. In particular, the introduction of a robotic system in the working area should guarantee some improvements, such as risks reduction for human operators, better quality results and a speed increase for production processes. In this context, human action remains still necessary to carry out part of the subtasks, as in the case of composites assembly processes. This study aims at presenting a case study regarding the reorganization of the working activity carried out in workstation in which a composite fuselage panel is assembled in order to demonstrate, by means of simulation tool, that some of the advantages previously listed can be achieved also in aerospace industry. In particular, an entire working process for composite fuselage panel assembling will be simulated and analyzed in order to demonstrate and verify the applicability and effectiveness of human–robot interaction (HRI), focusing on working times and ergonomics and respecting the constraints imposed by standards ISO 10218 and ISO TS 15066. Results show the effectiveness of HRI both in terms of assembly performance, by reducing working times and ergonomics—for which the simulation provides a very low risk index.

A little less than a decade after the emergence of Industry 4.0 in the industrial world, the new paradigm 5.0 is gaining ground, which is simultaneously reflected in the definition of a smart society. In fact, we are witnessing an innovative transition that defines the pace of technological, but also economic and social change. Starting from the innovations of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 5.0 "repositions" technologies completely at the service of people and the whole of humanity. The research aims to identify - through a comparative analysis of case studies and best practices - the points of contact and implementations arising from the transition from paradigm 4.0 to the human-centric approach 5.0 to define the future scenarios of manufacturing that see man and machine synchronized and synergistically working together to improve the efficiency of production. Poco menos de una década después de la aparición de la Industria 4.0 en el mundo industrial, gana terreno el nuevo paradigma 5.0, que se refleja simultáneamente en la definición de una sociedad inteligente. De hecho, asistimos a una transición innovadora que define el ritmo del cambio tecnológico, pero también económico y social. Partiendo de las innovaciones de la cuarta revolución industrial, la Industria 5.0 "reposiciona" completamente las tecnologías al servicio de las personas y de toda la humanidad. La investigación pretende identificar -mediante un análisis comparativo de estudios de casos y mejores prácticas- los puntos de contacto y las implementaciones derivadas de la transición del paradigma 4.0 al enfoque centrado en el ser humano 5.0 para definir los escenarios futuros de la fabricación que ven al hombre y a la máquina trabajando juntos de forma sincronizada y sinérgica para mejorar la eficiencia de la producción. Quasi un decennio dopo l'emergere dell'Industria 4.0 nel mondo industriale, sta guadagnando terreno il nuovo paradigma 5.0, che si riflette contemporaneamente nella definizione di una società intelligente. Infatti, stiamo assistendo a una transizione innovativa che sta definendo il ritmo del cambiamento tecnologico, economico e sociale. Partendo dalle innovazioni della quarta rivoluzione industriale, l'Industria 5.0 "riposiziona" completamente le tecnologie al servizio delle persone e di tutta l'umanità. La ricerca mira a identificare, attraverso un'analisi comparativa di casi di studio e migliori pratiche, i punti di contatto e le implementazioni derivanti dalla transizione dal paradigma 4.0 all'approccio centrato sull'essere umano 5.0 per definire gli scenari futuri della produzione che vedono l'uomo e la macchina lavorare insieme in modo sincronizzato e sinergico per migliorare l'efficienza produttiva.

The paper focuses on the importance of robotics and artificial intelligence inside of the new urban contexts in which it is possible to consider and enhance the different dimensions of quality of life such as safety and health, environmental quality, social connection and civic participation. Smart technologies help cities to meet the new challenges of society, thus making them more livable, attractive and responsive in order to plan and to improve the city of the future. In accordance with the Agenda 2030 Program for sustainable development that intends the inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable city, the direction of growth and prosperity of urban environments is pursued by optimizing the use of resources and respecting the environment. In the current society, robotic technology is proposed as a tool for innovation and evolution in urban as well as industrial and domestic contexts. On the one hand the users-citizens who participate dynamically in the activities and on the other the new technological systems integrated in the urban fabric. Existing urban systems that are “amplified” of artificial and digital intelligence and give life to smart cities, physical places that allow new forms of coexistence between humans and robots in order to implement the level of quality of life and define “human centered” innovative solutions and services thus responding to the particular needs of people in an effective and dynamic way. The current city goes beyond the definition of smart city. In fact, as said by Carlo Ratti, it becomes a "senseable city", a city capable of feeling but also sensitive and capable of responding to citizens who define the overall performance of the city. The multidisciplinary approach through the dialogue between designers, architects, engineers and urban planners will allow to face the new challenges through the dynamics of robot integration in the urban landscape. The cities of the future, in fact, will be pervaded by autonomous driving vehicles, robotized delivery systems and light transport solutions, in response to the new concept of smart mobility, on a human scale, shared and connected mobility in order to improve management and control of the digitized and smart city. Automation at constant rates as the keystone for urban futures and new models of innovative society. Through the identification of representative case studies in the field of innovative systems it will be possible to highlight the connections between design, smart city and "urban" robotics that will synergically highlight the main "desirable" qualities of life in the city as a place of experimentation and radical transformations. In particular, parallel to the new robotic solutions and human-robot interactions, the design discipline will be responsible for designing the total experience of the user who lives in synergy with the robots, thus changing the socio-economic dynamics of the city.