Lameness associated with bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) continues to be an important topic of great interest to global poultry production. Caused by bacterial infection of susceptible necrotic bone tissue, the disease severely affects animal health, welfare, and productivity, leading to significant economic losses annually. In recent years, the Kazakhstan poultry industry has enjoyed significant investment and strong growth, with goals of self-sufficiency within the decade. However, there remains a significant knowledge gap in poultry research in the nation, especially regarding the topic of BCO lameness. As such, this study aims to provide a preliminary evaluation of BCO lesion prevalence in different geographical regions of the country―namely Abai, Almaty, and Akmola. In each region, about 200 broilers from local poultry farms were procured, humanely euthanized, and necropsied to evaluate prevalence of femoral and tibial lesions commonly associated with BCO lameness. On average, most broilers had no damage to femoral head (78.17%) followed by femoral head separation (FHS, 11.94%), while the tibial head saw ubiquitous degrees of damage ranging from severe (71.42%) to observable (23.06%). These findings signify potential underlying issues connected to BCO lameness that will necessitate early management and intervention measures to prevent future spread of the disease.

Статья посвящена методам первичной обработки лигноцеллюлозного сырья. Назначение первичной обработки заключается в превращении биомассы из лигноцеллюлозы в полезные химические вещества. В статье проведен анализ современных исследований в области первичной обработки лигноцеллюлозного сырья. Результаты этих исследований направлены на повышение эффективности переработки отходов растениеводства. Также рассмотрены методы первичной обработки лигноцеллюлозного сырья. Многие исследователи отмечают, что положительно влияет на эффективность дальнейшей переработки. Представляют собой такие методы первичной обработки как измельчение, обработка паром, автогидролиз, водная горячая обработка, щелочная обработка и обработка перекисью, комбинированная обработка и т.д. При небольших значениях рН могут формироваться различные типы ингибиторов: карбоновые кислоты, фураны и фенольные соединения. Этот процесс можно отнести к основному минусу большинства методов первичной обработки. Многие из рассмотренных методов первичной обработки имеет больше плюсов, но наиболее перспективными являются комбинированные методы обработки. В особенности вызывает интерес использование различных комбинированных методов, таких как гидролиз с применением кислотных или щелочных растворов, экстракция с использованием растворителей или механохимические методы, которые весьма эффективны при производстве пищевых добавок, биотоплива, экстракции активных веществ и т.д. Ключевые слова: первичная обработка, отходы, растительное сырье, комбинированный метод, лигноцеллюлоза.

Traditional fermented dairy products represent an important source of autochthonous microorganisms with potential applications in food biotechnology. This study aimed to isolate and characterize microorganisms from the traditional Kazakh fermented product kurt collected from different regions of the Abai area (Kazakhstan) and to evaluate their suitability for biotechnological applications in meat processing. Microbial isolation was performed using MRS medium under anaerobic conditions, followed by morphological and physiological characterization. Accurate identification was carried out using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that microbial counts ranged from 10⁶ to 10⁸ CFU/g, confirming high microbial diversity of kurt. MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed the presence of Pichia fermentans, Enterococcus faecalis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Lactobacillus helveticus, indicating that MRS medium supports the growth of both lactic acid bacteria and accompanying microbiota. Subsequent molecular analysis confirmed Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus helveticus as the most promising strains. These isolates demonstrated tolerance to salt, acidic conditions, and mesophilic temperatures, which are essential for meat fermentation processes. In contrast, Enterococcus faecalis was excluded from further application due to potential safety concerns. Overall, the study demonstrates that kurt is a valuable source of technologically important microorganisms and that the identified strains (Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus helveticus) are promising candidates for the development of starter cultures for fermented goat meat processing.

Background and Aim. Lameness in broiler chickens is a major welfare and economic concern affecting productivity and farm profitability worldwide. However, information regarding the prevalence and associated risk factors of broiler lameness in Kazakhstan remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of lameness in commercial broiler farms and identify the main contributing factors under local production conditions.Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2025 on 10 commercial poultry farms located in different regions of Kazakhstan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering housing conditions, litter management, stocking density, feeding practices, environmental control, health management, and the occurrence of lameness. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the collected data.Results. Lameness was reported on mostfarms, although prevalence varied substantially among production systems. The proportion of lame birds at slaughter ranged from 0 to over 10%, with an average prevalence of 2.1 ± 3.2%. Severe lameness cases (Score ≥ 3) averaged 4.7 ± 6.9%. Poor litter quality, high stocking density, inadequate temperature and humidity control, and differences in feeding strategies were identified as major risk factors. Among infectious agents, Staphylococcus spp. was the most frequently reported pathogen. Although preventive measures were implemented on most farms, their implementationwas often inconsistent.Conclusion. The findings demonstrate that broiler lameness in Kazakhstan is a multifactorial problem influenced by management, environmental, and infectious factors. This study provides one of the first comprehensive assessments of lameness in commercial broiler production in Kazakhstan and highlights the need for improved management practices, standardized monitoring systems, and more effective prevention strategies.