Understanding the efficiency of different wastewater treatment technologies tested under real conditions is essential for successful decision making by engineers and managers. In this study, real poultry slaughterhouse wastewater coming from defeathering, cooling, and evisceration processes was treated using a lab-scale electrochemical process by use of iron-iron (Fe-Fe), iron-graphite (Fe-Gr) and aluminum-graphite (Al-Gr) electrode combinations. A water quality index (WQI) was developed and used as a tool for evaluating and classifying the effectiveness of different electrode combinations. The Al-Gr electrode combination showed an impressive performance achieving an “excellent” status for all of the three studied sources of wastewater with a WQI ranging from 13 to 34. The Fe-Gr electrode combination showed an “excellent” status performance for the wastewater from the cooling process as classified by the WQI and “good water” class for the defeathering and evisceration processes. The lower performance, which was highly affected by the increase in turbidity, was observed for the Fe-Fe electrode combination with a “poor water” status for the wastewater coming from defeathering and cooling processes and “good water” status for evisceration process.

The efficiency of a wastewater treatment process may be affected by several factors including the scale at which the system is operating. This study aimed at investigating the influence of scale on a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment process. The process is comprised of several units including electrolysis, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet irradiation. The results of the industrial-scale wastewater treatment plant of the Izevski poultry farm slaughterhouse in Kazakhstan were compared with those of a lab-scale wastewater treatment process under the same conditions. The traditional and water quality index (WQI) approaches were used to present the results and the drinking water quality standards of Kazakhstan were used as a reference. The industrial and lab-scale plants showed high purification efficiency for most of the studied water quality parameters. The comparative analysis based on the WQI showed that the industrial-scale wastewater treatment plant outperforms the lab-scale wastewater treatment process.

Nano-biosensors are rising as a promising technology for ensuring the protection and high-quality of meals merchandise. They offer excessive sensitivity, selectivity, and speedy reaction, making them ideal for detecting contaminants, pathogens, and first-rate signs in meals samples. This up to date evaluate affords a complete evaluation of recent improvements in nano-biosensor technology for meals great and safety warranty. The evaluate covers the essential standards and kinds of nano-biosensors typically utilized in meals evaluation, exploring various nanomaterials and their unique homes and sensing talents. It also discusses mixing nanomaterials with biological reputation elements, antibodies, enzymes, and DNA aptamers to enhance sensor performance. The software of nano-biosensors in detecting chemical contaminants, which includes pesticides, heavy metals, and mycotoxins, is drastically protected. Nanomaterials allow ultrasensitive detection of these contaminants, even at trace stages, ensuring the protection and compliance of meal products. The review also explores the usage of nano-biosensors for rapid identification and quantification of foodborne pathogens, such as microorganisms, viruses, and parasites, allowing on-web page pathogen detection and timely interventions to prevent outbreaks. Additionally, the review highlights the tracking of meals satisfactory signs of using nano-biosensors, including freshness, spoilage, and dietary composition. Accurate assessment of those parameters offers treasured information to manage and predict shelf-life. Overall, the advancements in nano-biosensor generation maintain high-quality promise for ensuring the integrity of meals products, defensive public fitness, and assembly regulatory standards.

Foodborne pathogens remain a significant global challenge, contributing to widespread illness and considerable food losses. This study investigates the effects of electron-beam irradiation on beef quality and safety using a pulsed high-frequency linear accelerator (ILU-10). Meat samples were subjected to irradiation at doses of 3, 6, and 9 kGy, with non-irradiated samples serving as controls. The research focused on evaluating microbial reduction, alterations in textural properties, and changes in nutritional components including amino acids, vitamins, and mineral content. Microbiological analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in total viable counts, with a decrease from 300 CFU/g in controls to 100 CFU/g at 3 and 6 kGy and complete microbial inactivation at 9 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disruption in myofibrillar structure, with increased interstitial spacing. Chemical analyses indicated a dose-dependent decline in total amino acid content and variable responses among individual amino acids, suggesting irradiation-induced protein fragmentation and oxidation. The findings suggest that, when optimized, irradiation can substantially improve meat safety while maintaining acceptable nutritional and sensory quality.

Sunflower is a major agricultural oilseed crop, and the Republic of Kazakhstan has been steadily strengthening its position as a producer of oilseeds. In this study, an oil pressing machine with two processes, including grinding sunflower seeds and pressing the obtained cake to separate the oil, is constructed. The experiment investigated the impact of different grinding degrees (hole diameters of plates of 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, and 2 mm) and screw rotation speeds (ranging from 30 rpm to 250 rpm) on oil pressing efficiency. The study used sunflower seeds with an oil content of 45–47% and moisture of 7–9%. The results showed that increasing the grinding degree and screw rotation speed led to higher oil yield. The optimal condition was a grinding degree of 4 mm and a screw rotation speed of 60 rpm, resulting in the highest oil yield of 15.6 g/s. Additionally, the residual oil content of the seed cake decreased significantly as pressure increased during pressing, particularly with 4 mm grinding. Power consumption increased with higher screw rotation speeds and finer grinding degrees, indicating the influence of grinding components on energy demand. The cake density increased with higher screw rotation speeds and finer grinding degrees, highlighting the impact of grinding mechanisms on cake compactness. Moreover, the temperature of the cake rose with increased screw rotation speed and the presence of grinding sieves. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the sunflower oil pressing process, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate grinding degrees and screw rotation speeds to maximize oil yield and pressing efficiency.

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater is characterized by high pollution strength, making its treatment before discharge or recycling of great importance. This study investigated the potential influence of mixing ratios on the treatability of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under three different mixing ratios; 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20 of defeathering and cooling sources, respectively. Wastewater samples were collected from the Izhevski production corporate (PC) poultry farm located in the Akmola region, Kazakhstan. The lab-scale treatment plant, designed to simulate the industrial-scale treatment plant of the poultry farm, consists of electrolysis, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection as the main units. The general design purpose of the Izhevski PC treatment plant is to treat about 1.25 m³/h (51.72%) of the total wastewater generated from the defeathering and cooling sections of the slaughterhouse to a recyclable degree. Water quality indices (WQIs) were developed for each of the studied mixing ratios. A comparative analysis was also done with drinking water quality standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the government of Kazakhstan. From the analysis results, the defeathering raw wastewater was generally higher in pollution strength than the cooling wastewater. It was also observed that the increase in the ratio of defeathering wastewater reduced treatment efficiency for some physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), color, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD). However, 100% removal efficiency was achieved for the microbial parameters for all the three studied ratios. Based on the computed WQIs, the highest-quality effluent was achieved from the 20:80 (defeathering:cooling) mixing ratio. However, with the fact that all the three mixing ratios produced “excellent” status, the 80:20 (defeathering:cooling) mixing ratio stands to be an ideal option. The selection of 80:20 mixing ratio has the potential to reduce the pollution load in the wastewater discharged to the sewerage system, while achieving high-quality effluent for recycling in the cooling processes of the slaughterhouse.