Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) is an herbaceous flowering plant that belongs to the Araceae family, with worldwide distribution. Native to the swampy or mountainous regions of South Africa, it is valued as an ornamental plant due to its extraordinary spathe and decorative leaves. However, its production has decreased due to the presence of diseases. In vitro culture of plant cells and tissues has been successfully applied to precisely diagnose and control diseases to produce disease-free plants. This study analyzes information from in vitro techniques applied to this crop, highlighting phytopathological aspects. It considers the different stages of in vitro culture and the process of obtaining and propagating healthy or pathogen-free plants. In vitro culture has proven to be an effective tool for rapid clonal propagation and multiplication of Zantedeschia spp. Sanitary management before the in vitro culture is recommended.

Characterized as one of the most controversial and widely used grasses in various regions, buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link) is considered a significant and problematic invasive exotic species and an adaptable and resilient forage source with relatively high biomass production and resistance to harsh agroecological conditions. Objective: The objective of this documentary research is to present a systematic review of buffelgrass dynamics, focusing on its global management and specifically on the arid regions of Mexico, particularly Sonora. This review highlights its forage potential, invasive capacity, adaptability, and the different scales of its multifactorial relationship within the productive-environmental sphere. Methods: Information on buffelgrass in various regions of the world, with an emphasis on arid regions, was reviewed and summarized. This information was gathered from a selection of 59 articles, considering common aspects such as appropriate methodologies, location within the geographical limits of aridity, and originating from Web of Science repositories. The search criteria included “Pennisetum ciliare and Cenchrus ciliaris”, “invasion”, “livestock”, “forage”, “sustainability”, and “restoration”, among other key concepts, with a timeframe limited to the year 2026. This allowed for the definition of thematic axes for the descriptions presented. Main results: The results highlight various treatments in agriculture and livestock farming, its use in combination with other grasses, and the implementation of adjuvants, which improves its performance. In this regard, its use as a substitute for primary forage with 500 mm of annual irrigation is emphasized, achieving biomass production levels of up to 18.4 t ha⁻¹. Conclusions: Buffelgrass in vulnerable arid territories, such as Sonora, Mexico, could improve soil cover, nutrient content, and biological presence; however, in a state of equilibrium, it can cause alterations that are difficult to reverse and that compromise local ecology and water resources.

Los sistemas agroforestales son una opción viable para mitigar el cambio climático al fomentar el almacén de carbono (C) en la biomasa y el suelo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar el almacenamiento de C en sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP), bancos de forraje (BF), potreros convencionales (PC), sistemas agroforestales de café (SAC) y bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM) en el centro de Veracruz, México. La cuantificación de carbono se realizó mediante ecuaciones alométricas para el reservorio árboles y arbustos, y de colecta y procesamiento de muestras para los reservorios herbáceas, hojarasca. Se determinó el carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) a tres profundidades (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm). Los datos se compararon mediante un análisis de varianza para un diseño completamente al azar y pruebas de medias múltiple (P<0.05). Como resultado se encontró que el sistema BMM registra el mayor contenido total de C con 473.62 MgC ha-1, seguido del sistema SAC con 160.98 MgC. De los sistemas pecuarios se observa el mayor contenido total de C en los sistemas BF y SSP con 112.15 y 100.5 MgC ha-1, respectivamente. En el reservorio suelo se registró un rango de 63.43 a 127.35 MgC entre los sistemas evaluados. Los resultados contribuyen como una base para orientar incentivos de captura de carbono a los productores que implementan sistemas agroforestales en sus parcelas, y a quienes tienen áreas de conservación del bosque nativo de la región.

En diferentes regiones del mundo, particularmente en el sur global, los estudios e investigaciones acerca de los sistemas de producción agrícola y frutícolas han abordado la vulnerabilidad y los riesgos del cambio climático como retos y oportunidades para desarrollar medidas de adaptación que protejan los recursos naturales y los servicios ecosistémicos sobre los cuales depende. Sin embargo, para la mayoría de las condiciones regionales, el nivel de conocimiento aún permanece limitado respecto de la exposición local a los riesgos de la variabilidad del clima, la distribución espacial y geográfica de la vulnerabilidad, así como los factores productivos y socioeconómicos involucrados. En este capítulo, a manera de ensayo, se analiza cómo en los procesos agroambientales regionales existe la necesidad de convergencia entre la evaluación de riesgos climáticos locales, la vulnerabilidad de sistemas frutícolas, las capacidades de adaptación y mitigación, los criterios basados en los servicios ecosistémicos y el rol de las comunidades locales para estos procesos de adaptación; lo anterior bajo diferentes ámbitos de investigación del cambio climático.

Grape cultivation in Sonora, Mexico is one of the most notable in the world, but it is restricted to certain areas and uses a conventional production approach. The objective of this work is to evidence the development of the establishment of an organic vineyard as a novel cultivation pattern in an agrosystem of the intermontane valley of the Sonoran Desert, Mexico, from its endogenous variables and its link with the surrounding environment, to an integrated approach between the organic and the sustainable. The approach is conducted by conceptualizing the vineyard as a Strategic Multifactorial Node (SMN) with ecological influence towards its immediate environment, evaluated from endogenous variables of the vineyard itself and those linked to the agrosystem of direct influence. To measure the degree of influence between the vineyard and the surrounding ecosystems, sustainability values between 0 and 1 were assigned, derived from the activities and conditions included in SDGs 13 and 15. Among the vineyard’s results, a percentage of weed cover equal to 96% stands out, as well as the presence of entomofauna and avifauna in a ratio of 78:22. In the component exogenous to the vineyard, that is, the degree of sustainable influence for the elements of the adjacent desert agrosystem, resulted in 0.98 for Soil Conservation Areas; 0.79 for edaphic organic matter, 0.97 for maintenance of water, and 0.96 for soil microorganisms. SMN promoted lateral conservation of the water-soil binomial, limited erosion, decreased soil loss, and increased soil fertilization.

Mineral nutrition is a decisive factor in the growth, development, yield, and fruit quality of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims), yet the available evidence is scattered across contrasting production systems and agroecological contexts. This review synthesizes the scientific advances, technological innovations, and outstanding challenges in the mineral nutrition of this crop, with emphasis on plant physiology, phenology, yield components, and fruit physicochemical quality attributes. The literature published between January 2000 and April 2026 in international and Latin American databases was examined and organized into thematic categories: macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micronutrients (Fe, B, Mn, Zn, and Cu), the beneficial element silicon, and emerging fertilization technologies. Nitrogen governs vegetative growth and biomass accumulation, with reported rates of 130–350 kg N ha⁻¹ and yields of 15–20 t ha⁻¹; phosphorus drives root development, flowering, and energy transfer; and potassium regulates osmotic balance, photoassimilate transport, and fruit quality, and mitigates salt stress. Calcium and magnesium sustain cell-wall integrity, chlorophyll synthesis, and fruit quality; micronutrients (Fe, B, Mn, Zn, and Cu) sustain enzymatic activity and photosynthesis; and the beneficial element silicon enhances tolerance to abiotic stress. Controlled-release fertilizers, fertigation, foliar feeding, biostimulants, biofertilizers, and beneficial microorganisms improve nutrient-use efficiency. Knowledge gaps persist in rate optimization, nutrient interactions, cultivar-specific responses, and the adaptation of fertilization programs to local conditions. Balanced mineral nutrition, integrated with emerging technologies and site-specific diagnostics, is a key strategy for increasing the yield, fruit quality, and sustainability of passion fruit production.