Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), encompassing unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Novel inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers may provide incremental value for risk stratification beyond conventional predictors. This work sought to determine whether the Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value (PIV) and the Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet (HALP) score could serve as independent prognostic indicators in individuals presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study included ACS patients hospitalized between January 2020 and May 2024. Demographics, clinical data, and laboratory results were collected. PIV was calculated as follows: neutrophils × platelets × monocytes/lymphocytes. HALP score was calculated as follows: hemoglobin × albumin × lymphocytes/platelets. Correlations with clinical parameters and mortality prediction were analyzed. Results: A total of 1134 patients (mean age 62 ± 12 years) were included. PIV showed positive correlations with WBC (Rho = 0.574), troponin (Rho = 0.381), and CRP (Rho = 0.295), and negative correlations with HDL (Rho = –0.101) and ejection fraction (Rho = –0.316) (all p < 0.01). PIV independently predicted mortality with a cut-off ≥1074.2 (AUC = 0.619, sensitivity 45%, specificity 79.9%). HALP score negatively correlated with age, troponin, CRP, and ICU stay, and predicted mortality with a cut-off ≤3.58 (AUC = 0.722, sensitivity 53.8%, specificity 82%). Comparative ROC analysis showed that HALP demonstrated superior discriminative ability for mortality prediction compared with PIV. Conclusions: PIV and HALP score are independent prognostic markers in ACS, reflecting inflammatory burden and nutritional status. Their integration into clinical workflows may enhance risk stratification and support individualized management strategies. Given their simplicity and universal availability, PIV and HALP may serve as practical adjunctive tools to established risk scores, enabling early identification of high-risk ACS patients at the time of admission.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation that correlates with cardiac events. This study assessed the association between NLR and the presence of chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO). The study population included 225 patients, a control group (n = 75), a coronary artery disease group (n = 75), and a CTO group (n = 75). NLR was compared in the three groups. NLR levels were significantly higher in the CTO than in the other two groups (p < 0.001). Bivariate correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between NLR and SYNTAX Score, and multivariate logistic regression analysis found that NLR was an independent predictor of CTO. ROC analysis showed that an NLR cut-off of 2.09 could distinguish between patients with and without CTO (AUC = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68–0.81), with a specificity of 69.3% and a sensitivity of 61%. NLR may be useful as a marker of CTO.

Background and Objectives. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common pathology of the circulatory system and is associated with a high morbidity for the patients and causes high costs for the healthcare systems. Arterial stiffness has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. The relationship between CVI and arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) was evaluated in this study. Methods. Sixty-two patients with the stage of C3-C5 chronic venous disease (CVD) and 48 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. To assess arterial stiffness, all cases were evaluated with I.E.M. Mobil-O-Graph brand ambulatory blood pressure monitor device. PWV and Aix were used to assess arterial stiffness in this study. Results. The mean age was 61.9±11.05 years and 54 % of the patient population was females. PWV and Aix were significantly higher in CVI patients than controls (8.92±1.65 vs. 8.03±1.43, p=0.001; 25.51±8.14 vs. 20.15±9.49, p=0.003, respectively) and also positive linear correlation was observed between CVI and all measured arterial stiffness parameters (r=0.675 for CVI and PWV, r=0.659 for CVI and Aix, respectively). A PWV value of > 9.2 has 88.9 % sensitivity and 71.4 % specificity to predict the presence of CVI. Conclusions. PWV and Aix are the most commonly used, easy, reproducible, reliable methods in the clinic to assess arterial stiffness. Logistic regression analysis showed that PWV and Aix were the independent predictors of CVI. PWV has the sensitivity of 88.9 % and specificity of 71.4 % to detect the presence of CVI.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) score and initial stroke severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke of varying etiologies, including atrial fibrillation (AF), large-artery atherosclerosis, and undetermined origin. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 416 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke between June 2022 and December 2024 were analyzed. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and patients were categorized into two groups: mild-to-moderate (NIHSS ≤ 15) and moderate-to-severe/severe (NIHSS > 15). Pre-admission ATRIA scores were calculated based on demographic and clinical parameters. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between ATRIA scores and stroke severity. Results: Patients with more severe strokes had significantly higher ATRIA scores (median 8.5 vs. 5.0, p < 0.001). AF was more frequent in the severe group (44.8% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.037). In multivariable analysis, each one-point increase in the ATRIA score was independently associated with a 1.82-fold increase in the odds of severe stroke (OR 1.823, 95% CI 1.568–2.119, p < 0.001). High ATRIA scores (>6) were associated with an 11.7-fold increased risk of severe stroke (OR 11.692, 95% CI 5.636–24.255, p < 0.001), independent of stroke etiology, ejection fraction, and inflammatory markers. Conclusions: The ATRIA score is independently associated with initial stroke severity across diverse ischemic stroke etiologies. It may serve as a simple, practical tool for early risk stratification in the acute setting, regardless of AF status. Further studies are warranted to confirm its utility in guiding early management and prognosis.