The present study is focused on the availability of microbial sources capable of producing xylanase, a hemicelluloses-degrading enzyme with multiple modes of action along with specificity, and their real-world applications. For the accumulation of suitable data, article surfing was carried out using multiple search engines viz. Hinari and PubMed; irrelevant and duplicate articles were discarded and articles were summarized in a narrative way herein. This review article was written aiming to bridge the recent research activities with the commercial activities of xylanase going on around the globe. The readers would be able to acknowledge themselves with the basic idea of the hydrolytic enzyme xylanase, their classification representing their different families, presenting the affinity of different families at the structural level, the sources, and the commercial implications that have been going on alone and in combination. The major hemicellulose, Xylan is digested with the help of combination other enzymes such as alpha-amylase, subtilisin, protease, and endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase along with xylanase. Xylanase has a diverse applications such as pharmaceutical, food and feed, bakery, paper and pulp, textile, and bio-refinery industries. The objective of this review article is to compile microbial sources of this enzyme and its application for betterment of human kind.

Objectives: Divalproex sodium (DS), being a hygroscopic drug, requires low humidity during product manufacturing. This study aims to develop a hygroscopicity controlled sustained release formulation of DS that can be manufactured in relatively high humid conditions in facilities lacking dehumidifiers.Materials and Methods: This study focuses on the role of polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) as polymers of choice to control hygroscopicity and retard release of DS using solid dispersion technique. In this study, homogeneous solid dispersions containing various ratios of PEG-8000, HPMC K100M, and DS were obtained via melt granulation technique. Fifteen different solid dispersions were prepared based on Box-Behnken experimental design created in MiniTab software. The obtained solid dispersions were separately broken down into granules and their hygroscopic properties were determined via moisture uptake studies. Granular solid dispersions were then compressed into tablets and their sustained release dissolution profiles were studied as per the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) monograph of DS extended -release tablets. Dissolution profiles of all fifteen formulations were then analyzed in Box-Behnken experimental design under MiniTab software to determine an optimized formulation having low hygroscopic properties as well as required multipoint drug release as per USP monograph. The final optimized formulation was prepared and subjected to moisture uptake study to determine its hygroscopicity, dissolution study to determine drug release kinetics and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to determine molecular interactions between drug and polymers.Result: Optimized final formulation yielded granular solid dispersion with 28% less hygroscopicity compared to DS and tablets with an excellent release profile in accordance with USP monograph. FTIR and DSC analysis did not show any significant interaction between DS and components of the solid dispersion.Conclusion: Optimized formulation from this study can be used to manufacture divalproex extended-release tablets inside facilities lacking dehumidifiers.

In order to improve the low permeability associated with conventional or immediate release dosage forms such as nasal spray and oral solid dosage form, tablets, fexofenadine liposomes were prepared by using ethanol injection method by varying the concentration of surfactant, (Tween -80), along with crude lecithin and cholesterol. The optimized formulations was evaluated for size, shape, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. In this study the optimized formulated liposomes appeared to be spherical in shape and particle size was found to be 4703.667±445 nm. There is 1.25 times more flux of liposome as compared with free drug. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 65% and in vitro permeation was found to be 4.535% in 5 hrs. Fexofenadine liposome (optimized formulation) was formulated with Tween 80, Crude lecithin and cholesterol in the amount of 5ml, 8gm and of 2.5gm respectively which was found to be promising in drug permeation study. The zeta potential was found to be between -15.86 to -28.14 mV which proved liposome particles are well ispersed and stable. Liposome entrapped with fexofenadine was formulated, optimized and various parameters were evaluated successfully.

The present study aimed to develop a 20 mg Vonoprazan tablet formulation and a convolution-based Level A IVIVC model was developed using published in-vivo data. Various hits and trials were done to obtain desired release profiles by changing concentration of super disintegrants, hardness of tablets and dissolution Speeds. High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze drug concentration. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration (Cmax), Time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) and Area Under Curve (AUC) were predicted using convolution method based on in-vitro data. The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters: Cmax = 16.61 ng/ml, Tmax = 1.98 hr, and AUC₀–∞ = 187.14 ng·h/ml showed close agreement with observed values Cmax = 18.2 ng/ml, Tmax = 1.98 hr, AUC₀–₂₄ = 160.8 ng·h/ml, AUC₀–∞ = 179.3 ng·h/ml. The %PE for Cmax is 8.74%, AUC₀–∞ is 4.37% and Tmax is 1.0 %. These results demonstrate acceptable correlation for all pharmacokinetics parameters indicating that the developed model has good predictive performance. The developed formulation demonstrated a close correlation between in vitro dissolution and in-vivo absorption profiles, confirming the predictability of the model. This study supports the potential of convolution-based modeling as a reliable approach for formulation optimization and regulatory biowaiver justification.