The aim. Extracts of cranberry large leaves have prospects when used to correct insulin-resistant conditions. There­fore, to create new drugs based on cranberry leaves, you need to develop instructions for cultivating the plant, harvesting raw materials and methods of quality control. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the pa­rameters of standardization of large cranberry leaves (Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh) and swamp cranberries (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.). Materials and methods. Macro- and microscopic studies of raw materials were performed according to the method of SPhU 2.8.23 “Microscopic examination of medicinal plant raw materials”. Macroscopic examinations were per­formed using a magnifying glass and MBS-9 binocular microscope. Identification of basic substances was performed by TLC, testing and quantification of flavonoids according to SPhU methods. Results. The morphological and anatomical features of the leaves of common cranberry and large cranberry were determined. The general features of the structure of stems and leaves species and different differences for each species are were revealed. TLC identification of the main BAS of raw materials was developed and standardization parameters were determined. Conclusions. The parameters of cranberry leaf standardization are determined by the following indicators: mac­ro-and microscopic features, TLC identification of the main BAS raw materials (hyperoside, rutin and caffeic acid), impurities (not more than 2 %), brown stems not more than 5 %, weight loss during drying (not more than 10 %), total ash (not more than 7 %) and not less than 1 % of flavonoids, in terms of hyperoside

This review systematically compiles and evaluates current research on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, and the clinical potential of plants of the genus Ribes L. Ribes species have long been used in traditional medicine for cardiovascular diseases, hepatitis, gastrointestinal ailments, hyperlipidemia, and detoxification, owing to their rich content of phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and polysaccharides. We analyze data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, focusing on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and vision-protective properties of extracts and isolated compounds. Particular attention is given to R. nigrum, a species recognized in French and British pharmacopeias for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Our synthesis reveals significant gaps: many Ribes spp. remain poorly characterized chemically; toxicology and pharmacokinetics are seldom studied; clinical trials are limited in number and rigor. We propose that future research should prioritize the comprehensive metabolomic and chemoprofiling of understudied Ribes species; standardized safety and dosage studies; the elucidation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of key bioactives; and well-designed randomized clinical trials to validate traditional uses and establish therapeutic efficacy. Our review demonstrates that Ribes spp. are promising sources for novel phytopharmaceutical agents and functional foods, but that translational and regulatory research is essential to move from traditional claims toward evidence-based medical applications.

In the article titled “Phytochemical and Antioxidant Studies on a Rare Rheum cordatum Losinsk: Species from Kazakhstan” [1], author Tomasz Baj was affiliated to affiliation 1 in error. The correct affiliation for this author is shown below and has been updated in the author information above.

According to the forecasts of the World Health Organization, the share of herbal medicines in the global pharmaceutical market is more than 40%. The pronounced growth trend of phytopreparations can lead to depletion of stocks of medicinal plants and the introduction of medicinal plants into the culture is a suitable solution to the problem. In order to ensure the quality of medicinal plants, in 2003 the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidelines on Good cultivation and harvesting practices (GACP) medicinal plants. This article presents the results of the introduction of the Crocus alatavicus plant by seeds. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for the introduction of Crocus alatavicus by the method of seed propagation according to the principles of GACP. The development of the introduction technology according to the principles of GACP guarantees the provision of domestic pharmaceutical production with high-quality plant raw materials. The introduction was carried out at the pilot production plantation of "Phytoleum" LLP. The results of the study showed that during seed propagation, autumn sowing of Crocus alatavicus seeds is preferable. The introduction of organic fertilizer of vermicompost before sowing seeds has a positive effect on the germination of seeds and the survival of seedlings. The plant in the fourth year of vegetation goes into the generative period and the fruit will form. The results of the introduction of Crocus alatavicus by seeds in the period from 2018 to 2022 showed good seed germination and high survival of seedlings, which makes it possible to recommend the plant for introduction into culture. It is important to emphasize that the ability to cultivate C. alatavicus from seeds creates new opportunities for use as domestic raw materials for the purpose of further rational use in scientific and practical medicine, preserving this species in culture.

Introduction. This article presents the development of a technology for obtaining lozenges containing Ajania fruticulosa dry extract using the direct compression method. The Quality by Design (QbD) concept reflects a modern approach to pharmaceutical development based on the identification and control of Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) and Critical Process Parameters (CPP) that determine their variability. The application of Design of Experiments (DoE) allows for the quantitative assessment of the influence of technological variables and their interactions, optimization of production conditions, reduction of experimental series volume, and ensuring the control of the technological process. Aim. To develop the composition and technology of lozenges with Ajania fruticulosa dry extract using the direct compression method and applying the principles of the QbD concept. Materials and methods. A standardized Ajania fruticulosa dry extract, obtained by maceration with ultrasonic intensification in accordance with the EAEU Pharmacopoeia, was used as the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). The lozenges were obtained by the direct compression method with varying concentrations of talc (0.1–3.0 %), copovidone (2.0–5.0 %), and compression pressure (15–30 kN). Disintegration time and friability were chosen as the CQAs. Experimental design and statistical analysis were performed using Minitab Statistical Software 22.3.0 (LLC "Minitab", USA) with the DoE module. Disintegration time and friability were determined in accordance with the requirements of the EAEU Pharmacopoeia using ZT 320 and TAR 220 apparatuses (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany). Results and discussion. The optimal API concentration was 1.5 %. According to the DoE results, the copovidone content and compression pressure had a statistically significant effect on the disintegration time, while the contribution of talc was insignificant. The optimal parameters were: copovidone – 5 %, talc – 2 %, compression force – 22 kN. Under these conditions, the disintegration time was 12.9 min, friability was 0.50 %, and the overall desirability index D = 0.8168. Conclusion. The implementation of the QbD concept in combination with DoE provided a scientifically grounded approach to the development of lozenges with Ajania fruticulosa dry extract. The developed lozenges meet the requirements of the EAEU Pharmacopoeia and are recommended for scale-up and industrial production.

Plants of the genus Crocus L. have a wide spectrum of pharmacological action. To date, many of their species have not been fully studied. Morphological and anatomical features of Crocus alatavicus Regel & Semenow have not been studied and there is no regulatory documentation. The literature review indicates the absence of a specific, complete description of these features that make it possible to identify and standardize Crocus alatavicus raw materials. The aim of this study is to research the features of morphological and anatomical diagnostic features of the plant C. alatavicus. Morphology of raw materials were studied using a binocular magnifier. Anatomical and diagnostic signs were determined by preparing temporary preparations according to the pharmacopoeia technique using an MS-300 microscope with a camera. Morphological and anatomical features of the reduced stem, leaves, and flower were studied. It has been established that the leaves of C. alatavicus have a unique and peculiar shape in cross-section, like most species of Crocus L. It consists of a central quadrangular "keel" and two side "arms". C. alatavicus differs from other species in the triangular shape of the "keel" and the tips of the "arms" are strongly curved to the "keel". There is a pale stripe in the axial direction along the center of the "keel". The leaves of C. alatavicus are amphistomatic in the arrangement of stomata and belong to the anomocytic type. These signs of plant are used to identify medicinal plant raw materials. It is important to emphasize that the standardization of C. alatavicus domestic raw materials creates new opportunities for its further use in medicine. Сrосиѕ L. тұқымдасының өсімдіктері фармакологиялық әсердің кең спектріне ие, олардың көптеген түрлері бүгінгі күнге дейін аз зерттелген. Олардың ішінде шикізатқа нормативтік құжаттама жетіспейтін Crocus alatavicus Regel & Semenow бар, өйткені бұл өсімдіктің морфологиялық-анатомиялық белгілері зерттелмеген. Әдебиеттерге шолу Crocus alatavicus шикізатын анықтауға және стандарттауға мүмкіндік беретін осы белгілердің нақты, толық сипаттамасының жоқтығын көрсетті. Зерттеудің мақсаты C. alatavicus шикізатының морфологиялық және анатомиялық-диагностикалық белгілерін зерттеу. Шикізаттың морфологиялық белгілері бинокулярлық лупаның көмегімен зерттелді, анатомиялық-диагностикалық белгілер фармакопеялық әдіске сәйкес уақытша препараттарды дайындау арқылы фотокамералы МС-300 микроскопын қолдана отырып анықталды. Қысқартылған сабақтың, жапырақтың, гүлдің морфологиялық және анатомиялық-диагностикалық белгілері зерттелді. C. alatavicus жапырағының көлденең қимасы Crocus L. тусының басқа түрлері сияқты ерекше пішінге ие екені анықталды. Ол Орталық төртбұрышты "кильден"және екі бүйірлік "қолдардан" тұрады. Алатау шафранының зерттелген басқа Crocus L. түрлерінен айырмашылығы, "киль" үшбұрыш пішінді және "қолдарының" ұштары "кильге" өте иілген болып келеді. Осьтік бағытта "киль" орталығының бойында бозғылт жолақ бар. Алатау шафранында лептесіктердің орналасуы бойынша жапырақтары амфистоматикалық, лептесіктері – аномоциттік типті болып келеді. Өсімдік шикізатының осы белгілері шикізатты сәйкестендіру үшін қолданылады және дәрілік өсімдік шикізатын стандарттаудың маңызды аспектілерінің бірі болып табылады. Растения рода Сrocus L. обладают широким спектром фармакологического действия, многие их виды на сегодняшний день мало изучены. В их числе Crocus alatavicus Regel & Semenow, на сырье которого отсутствует нормативная документация, так как не изучены морфолого-анатомические признаки этого растения. Обзор литературы свидетельствует об отсутствии конкретного, полного описания этих признаков, которые делают возможным идентификацию и стандартизацию сырья Crocus alatavicus. Целью настоящего исследования является изучение морфологических и анатомо-диагностических признаков растение C. alatavicus. Морфологические признаки сырья изучали с помощью бинокулярной лупы, анатомо-диагностические признаки определяли путем приготовления временных препаратов согласно фармакопейной...