Quercus infectoria Olivier (Fagaceae) nutgall, a traditional Asian medicine, is renowned for its efficacy in treating wounds and skin disorders. Although the gall extract has shown promising results in accelerating wound healing in diabetic animal models, its mechanisms, particularly the effects on redox balance, remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Q. infectoria gall ethanolic extract (QIG) on wound healing in fibroblasts, with a specific emphasis on its modulation of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated L929 cells were used as an in vitro model of oxidation-damaged fibroblasts. QIG exhibited potent antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay values of 305.43 ± 7.48, 508.94 ± 15.12, and 442.08 ± 9.41 µM Trolox equivalents (TE)/µg, respectively. Elevated H₂O₂ levels significantly reduced L929 cell viability, with a 50% lethal concentration of 1.03 mM. QIG mitigated H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, showing protective effects in pre-, post-, and co-treatment scenarios. QIG significantly reduced H₂O₂-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production and inflammation-related gene expression (p < 0.05). Additionally, at 25 µg/mL, QIG remarkably improved wound closure in H₂O₂-treated L929 cells by approximately 9.4 times compared with the H₂O₂ treatment alone (p < 0.05). These findings suggest QIG has potential therapeutic applications in wound healing, mediated through the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Food waste from fish processing contributes significantly to environmental pollution, and fish skin is often discarded despite being a rich collagen source. This study evaluated the efficacy and consumer satisfaction of a ready-to-drink collagen supplement made from hydrolyzed collagen derived from seabass skin. The compositional analysis of this study revealed α-amino groups, hydroxyproline, and amino acids essential for skin elasticity, hydration, and tissue repair. A 30-day clinical trial was conducted in 36 Thai volunteers who were aged between 20 to 70 years, and their skin condition was assessed using a facial skin analyzer and a moisture analyzer on days 0, 15, and 30. Participants also completed self-perception and sensory satisfaction questionnaires. The results showed improved skin moisture, reduced pore size, and smoother skin texture. Participants reported high satisfaction, especially regarding increased moisture and skin smoothness. Sensory score evaluation showed favorable scores for color and taste; however, odor was the least preferred attribute with the lowest score. Notably, no adverse effects were reported throughout this study. The findings suggest that fish skin-derived collagen supplements can enhance skin appearance while offering a sustainable approach that converts fish by-products into functional skincare solutions aligned with global sustainability goals.

Oral infections are common health problems in companion animals, often associated with bacterial colonization, biofilm formation, and inflammation. This study investigates the efficacy of hypertonic salt tablets as an antibacterial approach and their effect on bacteria-associated inflammatory stimulation against important oral pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella canis. Agar well diffusion showed that 0.3 g salt tablets exhibited antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 13.33 ± 0.89 mm for S. aureus and 28.75 ± 1.18 mm for P. canis, compared with 23.10 ± 0.87 mm and 31.43 ± 0.81 mm for 0.12% chlorhexidine, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated that 1% v/v and 10% v/v released salt solutions maintained high cell viability (>80%), while morphology assays confirmed non-cytotoxicity of 1% v/v 24 h released salt solution. The 1% v/v and 10% v/v 10 min-released salt solution reduced relative biofilm formation in S. aureus to approximately 61% and 45%, respectively, and in P. canis to approximately 89% and 52%, respectively. Salt-treated bacterial suspensions induced lower NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, decreasing NO levels from 33.17 ± 2.01 to 4.34 ± 0.65 µM for S. aureus and from 60.73 ± 0.99 to 36.33 ± 0.69 µM for P. canis, suggesting attenuation of bacteria-associated inflammatory stimulation. In a preliminary mouse oral mucosal wound model, local application of NaCl crystals for 30 min reduced total bacterial counts from 8.9 × 10² to 2.0 × 10² CFU/mL, corresponding to a 77.5% reduction. These findings suggest that hypertonic sodium chloride tablets may provide a simple localized approach for short-term reduction in oral bacterial burden and bacteria-associated inflammatory stimulation; however, further validation is required in clinically relevant oral disease models and companion animals.

Streptococcus pyogenes is a pathogen that causes skin infections worldwide. Currently, there is growing interest in herbal formulations as potential sources of antibacterial agents. This in vitro study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of herbal formulation ethanolic extract (HFE), alone and combined with specific antibiotics, against S. pyogenes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of HFE were determined using the broth microdilution method. Bactericidal activity was further evaluated using time-kill assays. Bacterial cell morphology was examined using electron microscopy. The interaction between HFE and specific antibiotics was assessed using the checkerboard assay. The MIC and MBC values of HFE against S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 were 16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively, while all clinical isolates showed MIC and MBC values of 8 µg/mL. Time-kill curve analysis demonstrated HFE’s bactericidal activity within 2 h and induced ultrastructural changes in S. pyogenes cells. HFE also exhibited antibiofilm activity against both biofilm formation and established biofilms. The checkerboard assay showed indifferent interactions, with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of 0.57–3.00 for all HFE combinations against S. pyogenes. These findings suggest the potential of HFE as a natural health product for the management of S. pyogenes infections.