Background and Objectives: Femoral neck fractures are common among elderly patients and are typically managed surgically to restore mobility and reduce complications. Total Hip Replacement (THR) and Hemiarthroplasty (HA) are standard interventions. While both procedures are widely used, the comparative risks of thromboembolic complications remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically compare the risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), including Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), Pulmonary Embolism (PE), and Arterial Thromboembolic events in patients undergoing THR versus hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and OVID-Medline for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Eligible studies included patients aged ≥50 years with femoral neck fractures treated with THR or Hemiarthroplasty and reported thromboembolic outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the RoB 2 tools. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software (Version 5.4). Results: Twelve studies were included in the systematic review, and ten in the meta-analysis, encompassing over 160,000 patients. THR was associated with a significantly increased risk of DVT (RR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.40–1.68, p = 0.00001) and combined VTE (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36–1.61, p = 0.00001) compared to HA. No significant difference was observed in PE risk. Interestingly, THR was linked to a lower risk of Arterial Thromboembolic events, such as Ischemic Stroke. Conclusions: Compared with Hemiarthroplasty, THR increases the risk of VTE, including DVT, with no increased risk of PE. Surgical decisions should be guided by individual patients’ risk factors for thrombotic and cardiovascular events.

Background/Objectives: Disc herniation, also termed herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), is a common spinal disorder affecting approximately 10% of the global population, associated with pain, neurological complications, and diminished quality of life. Despite its global burden, regional variations in public awareness and sociodemographic determinants remain inadequately characterized, particularly in Middle Eastern populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, public awareness, and sociodemographic determinants of HNP among adults in Saudi Arabia at a nationwide level. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to July 2025. Using a convenience sampling approach via social media platforms, an online questionnaire was distributed nationwide across Saudi Arabia. Data from 1112 participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. The questionnaire comprised two sections: sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge and awareness of HNP. Results: The prevalence of disc herniation was 8.9%, consistent with global estimates. Overall awareness was relatively high at 67.6%, though knowledge of specific risk factors varied considerably. Most participants recognized obesity (88.0%), poor sitting posture (85.8%), history of lower back trauma (86.2%), and work requiring physical effort (88.8%) as risk factors, while fewer acknowledged smoking (46.4%), diabetes (51.2%), sleeping on a soft bed (36.9%), and increased height (35.9%). Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for all sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related covariates, identified significant independent predictors of HNP including marital status (married OR = 2.90), current smoking (OR = 2.91), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.86), family history (OR = 8.95), and prior knowledge of the condition (OR = 2.28). Knowledge of HNP was significantly associated with university education (OR = 1.70), higher income levels (OR = 2.23 for ≥15,000 SAR; OR = 2.07 for 5000–9999 SAR), and family history (OR = 4.70), while those in low and medium workload jobs demonstrated lower knowledge. Conclusions: Although overall public awareness of HNP is relatively high in Saudi Arabia, substantial gaps persist in knowledge of modifiable risk factors, particularly smoking and diabetes mellitus. Targeted smoking cessation campaigns, diabetes awareness programs, and ergonomic education initiatives delivered through primary healthcare centers, workplaces, and schools are recommended.

Background: Neck and/or shoulder pain (NSP) represents a significant public health burden worldwide. However, nationally representative data from Saudi Arabia remain limited as most existing studies have focused on specific occupational groups or localized populations. This study examines the prevalence, determinants, and risk factors of NSP among Saudi adults. Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted between May and September 2024 among 2171 adults across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from participants aged ≥ 18 years using a structured, validated questionnaire assessing NSP prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Result: Among 2171 participants (mean age of 29 ± 12), 54% were females. The overall point prevalence of neck pain was 39.1%, while shoulder pain affected 38.6% of participants. Higher odds of neck pain were associated with use of electronic devices (OR = 1.82, p = 0.003), occupational tasks with extended standing (OR = 1.53, p = 0.003), and history of trauma (OR = 2.52, p < 0.001). Shoulder pain was associated with prolonged use of electronic devices (OR = 2.14, p < 0.001) and history of trauma (OR = 4.77, p < 0.001). Notably, regular exercise and male sex were protective against both neck pain and shoulder pain compared to females. Conclusion: NSP is common among Saudi adults and linked to modifiable lifestyle and work‐related factors, underscoring the need for prevention, ergonomic measures, and regular pain management. Long‐term studies are needed to evaluate its impact and treatment outcomes.

Background/Objectives: Cervical spine injuries (CSIs) are life-threatening conditions commonly resulting from road traffic accidents and falls; improper first aid management can significantly worsen neurological outcomes. Public awareness and correct first aid response are critical for preventing secondary injury; despite this, available data from the southern provinces of Saudi Arabia remain insufficient. This study aimed to assess public awareness and first aid preparedness for CSIs across four southern regions of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed across multiple regions, encompassing 1179 adults from Jazan, Aseer, Al-Baha, and Najran between 2025 and 2026. A validated online questionnaire was employed for data collection to assess CSI awareness, recognition of injury signs, and appropriate first aid responses. Awareness scores of ≥60% were classified as good. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of awareness. Results: The mean awareness score was 16.0 ± 4.8 out of a possible total of 20 points, corresponding to 80% of the total score, with 87% of participants demonstrating good awareness. The majority of respondents recognized the importance of spinal immobilization (89%), maintaining head–neck alignment (95%), and contacting emergency services before intervention (93%). Correct responses to emergency scenarios were recorded in 83% of participants. Notably, only 39% had attended formal medical or trauma training, and merely 3% reported real-life first aid experience. Training attendance (β = 1.39, p < 0.001) and marital status (married; β = 1.37, p = 0.004) were identified as independent predictors of higher awareness scores. Conclusions: Although general public awareness of CSI first aid is high, formal training participation remains critically low, revealing a substantial gap between knowledge and practice. Integrating structured first aid training into community, workplace, and primary healthcare settings is essential to improve trauma outcomes and reduce preventable disability.