Background: Carvacrol, a natural phenolic monoterpenoid, has been suggested to exert anticancer effects; however, its underlying mechanisms in breast cancer (BC) remain incompletely defined. Methods: MCF-7 (HR⁺) and MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) BC cell lines were treated with carvacrol at various concentrations. Cell viability was assessed using CVDK8 kit, while migration was evaluated by wound healing assays. Apoptosis was determined using Annexin V-FITC Kit, and ROS levels were measured by DCFH-DA assay. Flow cytometry was used for CD44/CD133 cancer stem cells markers analysis, and genes expression were quantified using qPCR. Results: Carvacrol significantly inhibited cell proliferation, and migration in both HR⁺ and TNBC cells. Additionally, carvacrol increased the BAX/BCL2 ratio, induced apoptosis, and decreased ROS levels, with greater antioxidant activity observed in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, carvacrol suppressed CD44⁺ levels, whereas CD133⁺ levels were not affected. Gene expression analysis revealed subtype-specific effects where ABCG2 was upregulated in MCF-7 cells but downregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells, while NF_KB1 expression increased in both lines. Conclusions: Carvacrol exerts multitargeted anticancer effects in BC by promoting apoptosis, reducing ROS, and suppressing CD44⁺, with distinct subtype-specific responses. These findings highlight carvacrol as a promising natural therapeutic compound for BC treatment; however, further in vivo studies and clinical investigations are required to validate its translational potential.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine and Co-enzyme Q10 administration together with ACE Inhibitor (ACE inh.) on oxidative stress parameters in liver, brain and kidney tissues in L-NAME hypertensive rats. At the study, divided all rats into eight groups, four groups with 14 days of experiment time and four groups with 28 days of experiment time. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized and their liver, brain and kidney tissues were taken. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) activities were measured in tissue supernatants. While NO and MDA levels increased in all tissues, a significant decrease was observed in GSH levels (P<0.001). In conclusion, it is suggested that supplementation of L-carnitine and CoQ10 can be considered as a combination therapy strategy for patients prone to higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Objectives: The aim of the study, to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris on the liver, kidney and heart MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase), lipid peroxidation antioxidant enzyme activity with ethyl alcohol toxification. Materials and Methods: 10-12 monthly, weighing 200-250 gr, 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Rats were divided into 3 (n=8) groups which 2 experiments and a control. 5mg/kg of isocaloric maltose was given to the control group by gavage. 15 g/kg ethyl alcohol diluted with 50% water was given to the alcohol group and 300 mg/kg C. vulgaris and then 15 g/kg ethyl alcohol diluted with 50% water were given to C. vulgaris group. At the end of the experiment tissue samples were taken. Blood samples were collected into EDTA tubes and the tissues were kept at -20°C. The blood and tissue samples were used to investigate the GSH/GSH-Px, MAPK activity and MDA levels. Results: MAPK activities in liver and lung tissue were increased with C. vulgaris which decrease with ethyl alcohol while MAPK activities in kidney and heart tissue decreased with C. vulgaris. The reduction in tissue GSH-Px levels with alcohol was increased significantly with C. vulgaris application (p

Geographical and botanical origin dominate the chemical composition and biological activity of propolis samples. In this study, thirty Turkish propolis samples collected from different regions within the Black Sea region were comprehensively evaluated to investigate the relationships between phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity, and anticancer potential. The propolis samples were extracted using 70% aqueous ethanol and labeled as K1-K30. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using inhibition zone (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. Most of the extracts showed measurable antibacterial activity, where Gram-positive bacteria generally showed higher susceptibility compared to the tested Gram-negative bacterial species. The extracts K12, K13, K22, K24, and K28 demonstrated the strongest broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that antibacterial efficacy was more strongly associated with antioxidant capacity and flavonoid richness than with total phenolic content alone. FRAP and TFC emerged as the strongest predictors of antibacterial activity, while specific phenolic compounds (particularly quercetin and trans ferulic acid) were associated with enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Preliminary anticancer activity was assessed using cell viability assays at 24, 48, and 72 h. Cytotoxic responses were highly heterogeneous and strongly time-dependent. K10, among the extracts, exhibited the strongest anticancer activity, showing inhibition rates above 80% at 24 and 48 h, whereas K4 and K23 also demonstrated considerable cytotoxic effects. Notably, antibacterial and anticancer activities were not directly correlated. Extracts with strong antibacterial activity, such as K12 and K22, showed proliferative effects in anticancer assays, whereas K10 displayed weak antibacterial but strong anticancer activity. These findings demonstrate that antibacterial and anticancer properties of propolis are governed by distinct phytochemical compositions. Overall, this study highlights the multidimensional bioactivity of Turkish propolis and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive phytochemical characterization for identifying extracts with application-specific therapeutic potential.