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Health 4.0 establishes a new promising vision for the healthcare industry. It creatively integrates and employ innovative technologies such as the Internet of Health Things (IoHT), medical Cyber-Physical Systems (medical CPS), health cloud, health fog, big data analytics, machine learning, blockchain, and smart algorithms. The goal is to deliver improved, value-added and cost-effective healthcare services to patients and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency or the healthcare industry. Health 4.0 (adapted from the Industry 4.0 principles) changes the healthcare business model to enhance the interactions across the healthcare clients (the patients), stakeholders, infrastructure, and value chain. This effectively will improve the quality, flexibility, productivity, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of healthcare services in addition to increasing patients’ satisfaction. However, building and utilizing healthcare applications that follow the Health 4.0 concept is a non-trivial and complex endeavor. In addition, advanced potential applications based on Health 4.0 capabilities are not yet being investigated. In this paper we define the main objectives of Health 4.0 and discuss advanced potential Health 4.0 applications. To have a clear understanding of these applications, we categorize them in 4 groups based on the primary beneficiary of these applications. Thus we have patient targeted applications, applications supporting healthcare professionals, resource management applications and high-level healthcare systems management applications. In addition, as we studied the different applications, we realized that these is a certain collection of services that these most of them need regardless of their goals or business context. Services supporting data collection and transfer, security and privacy, reliable operations are some examples. As a result we propose creating a service-oriented middleware framework to offers the common services to the applications developers and facilitate the integration of different services to build applications under the Health 4.0 umbrella.
Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Nader Mohamed; Eman Abukhousa. Health 4.0: On the Way to Realizing the Healthcare of the Future. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 211189 -211210.
AMA StyleJameela Al-Jaroodi, Nader Mohamed, Eman Abukhousa. Health 4.0: On the Way to Realizing the Healthcare of the Future. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):211189-211210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJameela Al-Jaroodi; Nader Mohamed; Eman Abukhousa. 2020. "Health 4.0: On the Way to Realizing the Healthcare of the Future." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 211189-211210.
Smart cities rely heavily on collecting and using data. Smart systems are implemented and deployed to provide intelligent features that help improve efficiency and quality of life. This creates a huge repository of data representing many aspects of smart city operations. Many data-driven applications can take advantage of this data to further improve the “smartness” of a smart city. At the same time, smart city systems, being very large-scale distributed systems and highly integrated with the physical infrastructure and residents of the city, pose immense security challenges as well. So why don’t we take advantage of this data to improve security measures? In this paper we propose the use of data-driven security approaches to secure smart city systems. To illustrate the significance of this approach we first identify the different challenges for securing smart city systems given the unique characteristics of these systems. Then we discuss the benefits of using data-driven security. Furthermore, we categorize the different types of security applications (features) needed to help capitalize on the data needs and benefits. We also discuss the how these categories of applications can alleviate some of the challenges. In addition, we highlight possible future research directions to incorporate effective data-driven security in smart city systems.
Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar; Nader Kesserwan. Data-Driven Security for Smart City Systems: Carving a Trail. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 147211 -147230.
AMA StyleNader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Imad Jawhar, Nader Kesserwan. Data-Driven Security for Smart City Systems: Carving a Trail. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):147211-147230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar; Nader Kesserwan. 2020. "Data-Driven Security for Smart City Systems: Carving a Trail." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 147211-147230.
Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) connect the physical world (systems, environments, and humans) with the cyber world (software, data, etc.) to intelligently enhance the operational environment they serve. CPS are distributed software and hardware components embedded in the physical world and possibly attached to humans. They offer smart features, such as enhancing and optimizing the reliability, quality, safety, health, security, efficiency, operational costs, sustainability, and maintainability of physical systems. CPS are also very vulnerable to security attacks and criminal activities. In addition, they are very complex and have a direct impact on their environment. Therefore, it is hard to detect and investigate security attacks, while such attacks may have a catastrophic impact on the physical world. As a result, CPS must incorporate security measures in addition to suitable and effective forensics capabilities. When the security measures fail and an attack occurs, it becomes imperative to perform thorough forensics analysis. Adding effective forensics tools and capabilities will support the investigations of incidents. This paper defines the field of CPS forensics and its dimensions: Technical, Organizational, and Legal. Then, it reviews examples of current research efforts in the field and the types of tools and methods they propose for CPS forensics. In addition, it discusses the issues and challenges in the field that need to be addressed by researchers and developers of CPS. The paper then uses the review outcomes to discuss future research directions to address challenges and create a more effective, efficient, and safe forensics tools and for CPS. This discussion aims to create a starting point for researchers where they can identify the gaps and challenges and create suitable solutions through their research in CPS forensics.
Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar. Cyber–Physical Systems Forensics: Today and Tomorrow. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 2020, 9, 37 .
AMA StyleNader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Imad Jawhar. Cyber–Physical Systems Forensics: Today and Tomorrow. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 2020; 9 (3):37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar. 2020. "Cyber–Physical Systems Forensics: Today and Tomorrow." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 9, no. 3: 37.
Blockchain technologies have recently come to the forefront of the research and industrial communities as they bring potential benefits for many industries. This is due to their practical capabilities in solving many issues currently inhibiting further advances in various industrial domains. Securely recording and sharing transactional data, establishing automated and efficient supply chain processes, and enhancing transparency across the whole value chain are some examples of these issues. Blockchain offers an effective way to tackle these issues using distributed, shared, secure, and permissioned transactional ledgers. The employment of blockchain technologies and the possibility of applying them in different situations enables many industrial applications through increased efficiency and security; enhanced traceability and transparency and reduced costs. In this paper, different industrial application domains where the use of blockchain technologies has been proposed are reviewed. The paper explores the opportunities, benefits, and challenges of incorporating blockchain in different industry applications. Furthermore, the paper attempts to identify the requirements that support the implementation of blockchain for different industry applications. The review reveals that several opportunities are available for utilizing blockchain in various industry sectors; however, there are still some challenges to be addressed to achieve better utilization of this technology.
Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Nader Mohamed. Blockchain in Industries: A Survey. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 36500 -36515.
AMA StyleJameela Al-Jaroodi, Nader Mohamed. Blockchain in Industries: A Survey. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):36500-36515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJameela Al-Jaroodi; Nader Mohamed. 2019. "Blockchain in Industries: A Survey." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 36500-36515.
Factories use many manufacturing processes that consume a lot of energy and highly contribute in greenhouse gas emissions. The introduction of the concept of Industrial Internet in USA and Industry 4.0 in Europe offers many opportunities to reduce energy consumption in these factories. Introducing and utilizing smart techniques for the applications pertinent to manufacturing processes within the Industry 4.0 domain can offer many benefits for reducing energy consumption in smart factories. This paper investigates and discusses these opportunities and benefits. The paper also discusses the roles of Industry 4.0 technologies in enabling these opportunities. Consequently, introducing these capabilities will help significantly reduce both production costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The paper then provides a benefit analysis that shows the advantages of such leverage. In addition, the paper offers an enabling architecture and its components that includes cyber-physical system (CPS) manufacturing services layer, fog manufacturing services layer, cloud manufacturing services layer, and blockchain-based service-oriented middleware to support such opportunities.
Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Sanja Lazarova-Molnar. Leveraging the Capabilities of Industry 4.0 for Improving Energy Efficiency in Smart Factories. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 18008 -18020.
AMA StyleNader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Sanja Lazarova-Molnar. Leveraging the Capabilities of Industry 4.0 for Improving Energy Efficiency in Smart Factories. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):18008-18020.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Sanja Lazarova-Molnar. 2019. "Leveraging the Capabilities of Industry 4.0 for Improving Energy Efficiency in Smart Factories." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 18008-18020.
A large number of advancements have taken place in microprocessor-based systems leading to significantly more processing, memory, storage, sensing, actuating, recognition, controlling and communication capabilities. Robotics is one of the areas that have benefited a lot from these advancements. Many important and useful applications for single-robot and multi-robot systems (MRS) have emerged. Such applications include search and rescue, detection of forest fires, mining, construction, disaster management, and many more. MRS systems greatly enhance the capabilities and effectiveness of today’s robots. They extend the robotic system capabilities by increasing the ability to perform more complex tasks and allow performance of inherently distributed ones. In addition, they increase parallelism, enhance robustness, and improve system reliability. However, to perform their tasks in an effective manner, communication between the individual robots becomes an essential component. In this paper, we discuss the various types and architectures of MRS systems and focus on the networking issues, and services that are required to enable MRS systems to be more efficient in performing their roles in their respective applications. We also identify the similarities and differences between mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and MRS systems, analyze robot-to-robot (R2R) and robot-to-infrastructure (R2I) communication links, and identify the protocols that can be used at the various levels in the MRS hierarchy.
Imad Jawhar; Nader Mohamed; Jie Wu; Jameela Al-Jaroodi. Networking of Multi-Robot Systems: Architectures and Requirements. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 2018, 7, 52 .
AMA StyleImad Jawhar, Nader Mohamed, Jie Wu, Jameela Al-Jaroodi. Networking of Multi-Robot Systems: Architectures and Requirements. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 2018; 7 (4):52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImad Jawhar; Nader Mohamed; Jie Wu; Jameela Al-Jaroodi. 2018. "Networking of Multi-Robot Systems: Architectures and Requirements." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 7, no. 4: 52.
When it comes to smart cities, one of the most important components is data. To enable smart city applications, data needs to be collected, stored, and processed to accomplish intelligent tasks. In this paper we discuss smart cities and the use of new and existing technologies to improve multiple aspects of these cities. There are also social and environmental aspects that have become important in smart cities that create concerns regarding ethics and ethical conduct. Thus we discuss various issues relating to the appropriate and ethical use of smart city applications and their data. Many smart city projects are being implemented and here we showcase several examples to provide context for our ethical analysis. Law enforcement, structure efficiency, utility efficiency, and traffic flow control applications are some areas that could have the most gains in smart cities; yet, they are the most pervasive as the applications performing these activities must collect and process the most private data about the citizens. The secure and ethical use of this data must be a top priority within every project. The paper also provides a list of challenges for smart city applications pertaining in some ways to ethics. These challenges are drawn from the studied examples of smart city projects to bring attention to ethical issues and raise awareness of the need to address and regulate such use of data.
Sawyer Clever; Tyler Crago; Alex Polka; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Nader Mohamed. Ethical Analyses of Smart City Applications. Urban Science 2018, 2, 96 .
AMA StyleSawyer Clever, Tyler Crago, Alex Polka, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Nader Mohamed. Ethical Analyses of Smart City Applications. Urban Science. 2018; 2 (4):96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSawyer Clever; Tyler Crago; Alex Polka; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Nader Mohamed. 2018. "Ethical Analyses of Smart City Applications." Urban Science 2, no. 4: 96.
Foreseeing changes in how smart cities manage their resources and provide services to the residents; research, development and production in various relevant technology fields is accelerating. Taking advantage of recent advances and innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), robotics and software; smart cities can optimize resources utilization and enhance operations in health, transportation, energy, and water services, as well as elevating the level of comfort of residents. Effectively and efficiently utilizing ICT and robotics in smart cities will result in reducing costs and resources consumption in addition to engaging more effectively and actively with the citizens. One of these technologies is the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which can provide many applications for smart cities and create a positive impact on the society. For example, UAVs can be used for environmental monitoring, traffic management, pollution monitoring, civil security control, and merchandise delivery. UAV applications among several others can provide cost-effective services to help achieve the objectives of smart cities. However, the integration of UAVs in smart cities is very challenging due to several issues and concerns such as safety, privacy and ethical/legal use. This paper reviews the potential applications integrating UAVs in smart cities, their implications, and the technical and non-technical issues facing such integration. It also discusses regulations and enabling technologies currently available and being developed that can be utilized to support such integration.
Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar; Ahmed Idries; Farhan Mohammed. Unmanned aerial vehicles applications in future smart cities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2018, 153, 119293 .
AMA StyleNader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Imad Jawhar, Ahmed Idries, Farhan Mohammed. Unmanned aerial vehicles applications in future smart cities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2018; 153 ():119293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar; Ahmed Idries; Farhan Mohammed. 2018. "Unmanned aerial vehicles applications in future smart cities." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 153, no. : 119293.
In this paper, we focus on the use of linear sensor networks (LSNs) to monitor underwater pipelines. We propose the use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to move along the pipeline and collect data from the sensor nodes (SNs). It then delivers the collected data to the surface sink at the end of the LSN or LSN segment. In turn, the surface sink transmits the collected data to the network control center (NCC) using any of the communication technologies that are available in the area such as WiMAX, cellular, and satellite. The use of the AUV for data collection allows for considerable advantages including flexibility in SN placement, considerable energy savings, and reduced interference, hidden terminal problems, and collisions. We also provide, different AUV movement strategies and analyze the effect of various network design parameters on network performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.
Imad Jawhar; Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Sheng Zhang. An Architecture for Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Wireless Sensor Networks for Underwater Pipeline Monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2018, 15, 1329 -1340.
AMA StyleImad Jawhar, Nader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Sheng Zhang. An Architecture for Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Wireless Sensor Networks for Underwater Pipeline Monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2018; 15 (3):1329-1340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImad Jawhar; Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Sheng Zhang. 2018. "An Architecture for Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Wireless Sensor Networks for Underwater Pipeline Monitoring." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15, no. 3: 1329-1340.
UAVs, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, have gained significant attention recently, due to the increasingly growing range of applications. Most UAVs use radio frequency transmission to communicate with the ground station to receive commands and send data. However, this model of communication restricts the user to being in specific locations and limits missions to narrow areas. This paper proposes a Cloud Computing (CC) integration where the UAVs become part of the cloud infrastructure and can be accessed ubiquitously. This concept is similar to the Internet of Things (IoT) where smart objects are connected to the Internet and are given unique identification. Moreover, to provide an appropriate way of communication, UAV resources are developed as web services. They provide their resources and services through a uniform interface using the RESTful HTTP architecture. This concept is relevant to the Web of Things (WoT) that provides smart objects with interfaces to be accessed through the World Wide Web (WWW). However, in UAVs, not only the web services are computational services but they are also physical elements affecting and affected by the real world environment.
Sara Mahmoud; Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi. Integrating UAVs into the Cloud Using the Concept of the Web of Things. Journal of Robotics 2015, 2015, 1 -10.
AMA StyleSara Mahmoud, Nader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi. Integrating UAVs into the Cloud Using the Concept of the Web of Things. Journal of Robotics. 2015; 2015 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Mahmoud; Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi. 2015. "Integrating UAVs into the Cloud Using the Concept of the Web of Things." Journal of Robotics 2015, no. : 1-10.
We present a novel approach to solve the cloud storage issues and provide a fast load balancing algorithm. Our approach is based on partitioning and concurrent dual direction download of the files from multiple cloud nodes. Partitions of the files are saved on the cloud rather than the full files, which provide a good optimization to the cloud storage usage. Only partial replication is used in this algorithm to ensure the reliability and availability of the data. Our focus is to improve the performance and optimize the storage usage by providing the DaaS on the cloud. This algorithm solves the problem of having to fully replicate large data sets, which uses up a lot of precious space on the cloud nodes. Reducing the space needed will help in reducing the cost of providing such space. Moreover, performance is also increased since multiple cloud servers will collaborate to provide the data to the cloud clients in a faster manner.
Klaithem Al Nuaimi; Nader Mohamed; Mariam Al Nuaimi; Jameela Al-Jaroodi. Partial Storage Optimization and Load Control Strategy of Cloud Data Centers. The Scientific World Journal 2015, 2015, 1 -14.
AMA StyleKlaithem Al Nuaimi, Nader Mohamed, Mariam Al Nuaimi, Jameela Al-Jaroodi. Partial Storage Optimization and Load Control Strategy of Cloud Data Centers. The Scientific World Journal. 2015; 2015 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlaithem Al Nuaimi; Nader Mohamed; Mariam Al Nuaimi; Jameela Al-Jaroodi. 2015. "Partial Storage Optimization and Load Control Strategy of Cloud Data Centers." The Scientific World Journal 2015, no. : 1-14.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to monitor long linear structures such as pipelines, rivers, railroads, international borders, and high power transmission cables. In this case, a special type of WSN called linear wireless sensor network (LSN) is used. One of the main challenges of using LSNs is the reliability of the connections across the nodes. Faults in a few contiguous nodes may cause the creation of holes (segments where nodes on either end of them cannot reach each other) which will result in dividing the network into multiple disconnected segments. As a result, sensor nodes that are located between holes may not be able to deliver their sensed information which negatively affects the network's sensing coverage. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the different types of node faults in uniformly deployed LSNs and study their negative impact on the sensing coverage. We develop an analytical model to estimate the sensing coverage in uniformly deployed sensors LSNs in the presence of node faults. We verify the correctness of the developed model by conducting a number of simulation experiments to compare both calculated and simulated results under different network configurations and fault scenarios. In addition, we use this model to demonstrate three design applications that meet with specific performance requirements.
Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar. Modeling the Performance of Faulty Linear Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2014, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleNader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Imad Jawhar. Modeling the Performance of Faulty Linear Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2014; 10 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar. 2014. "Modeling the Performance of Faulty Linear Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. 7: 1.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used to monitor long linear structures such as pipelines, rivers, railroads, international borders, and high power transmission cables. In this case a special type of WSN called linear wireless sensor network (LSN) is used. One of the main challenges of using LSN is the reliability of the connections among the nodes. Faults in a few contiguous nodes may cause the creation of holes which will result in dividing the network into multiple disconnected segments. As a result, sensor nodes that are located between holes may not be able to deliver their sensed information which negatively affects the network's sensing coverage. Sensing robots can be used to overcome these faults and enhance the coverage. Sensing robots provide additional sensing coverage and restore the connectivity among disconnected segments. This paper develops a cost-effective design for robot-assisted fault-tolerant LSN. In this design the numbers of fixed sensor nodes and mobile sensing robots are determined such that the required reliability and sensing coverage levels are maintained while the total cost is minimized. The paper covers both uniformly and randomly deployed sensors LSNs.
Nader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar. A Cost-Effective Design for Combining Sensing Robots and Fixed Sensors for Fault-Tolerant Linear Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2014, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleNader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Imad Jawhar. A Cost-Effective Design for Combining Sensing Robots and Fixed Sensors for Fault-Tolerant Linear Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2014; 10 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNader Mohamed; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Imad Jawhar. 2014. "A Cost-Effective Design for Combining Sensing Robots and Fixed Sensors for Fault-Tolerant Linear Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. 3: 1.
Recently, most healthcare organizations focus their attention on reducing the cost of their supply chain management (SCM) by improving the decision making pertaining processes’ efficiencies. The availability of products through healthcare SCM is often a matter of life or death to the patient; therefore, trial and error approaches are not an option in this environment. Simulation and modeling (SM) has been presented as an alternative approach for supply chain managers in healthcare organizations to test solutions and to support decision making processes associated with various SCM problems. This paper presents and analyzes past SM efforts to support decision making in healthcare SCM and identifies the key challenges associated with healthcare SCM modeling. We also present and discuss emerging technologies to meet these challenges.
Eman AbuKhousa; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Sanja Lazarova-Molnar; Nader Mohamed. Simulation and Modeling Efforts to Support Decision Making in Healthcare Supply Chain Management. The Scientific World Journal 2014, 2014, 1 -16.
AMA StyleEman AbuKhousa, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Sanja Lazarova-Molnar, Nader Mohamed. Simulation and Modeling Efforts to Support Decision Making in Healthcare Supply Chain Management. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEman AbuKhousa; Jameela Al-Jaroodi; Sanja Lazarova-Molnar; Nader Mohamed. 2014. "Simulation and Modeling Efforts to Support Decision Making in Healthcare Supply Chain Management." The Scientific World Journal 2014, no. : 1-16.