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Dr. DUANGJAI TUNGMUNNITHUM
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THAILAND

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0 Anti-aging
0 Nanotechnology
0 antioxidant
0 flavonoids
0 phenolic acid

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flavonoids
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medicinal plants
Nanotechnology
phenolic acid

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Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. (Z. lotus) is a medicinal plant species that is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin. Moroccans traditionally use it to treat many illnesses thanks to its beneficial medicinal properties. The purpose of this study is to assess the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of a flavonoid-rich aqueous extract of Z. lotus fruits (ZLF). The 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and the β-carotene bleaching test were used to determine the antioxidant activity of ZLF. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the aqueous extract of ZLF (200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in albino mice exposed to the chronic high-fat diet, based on lipid profile, blood sugar, and changes in growth performance. The results showed that the aqueous extract of ZLF rich in flavonoids (2242.89 ± 25 µg QE (quercitin equivalent)/mg), and has a considerable antioxidant power against DPPH radicals (IC50 = 116 ± 0.02 µg/mL) and β-carotene oxidation. The aqueous extract of ZLF also showed a significant anti-hyperlipidemic effect by improving abnormal changes in lipid profile and blood glucose levels in albino mice exposed to a chronic high-fat diet. Our findings suggest that the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of ZLF aqueous extract are correlated with its flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the aqueous extract of ZLF could be an essential therapeutic candidate for hyperlipidemia patients, thanks to its richness in bioactive molecules.

ACS Style

Noureddine Bencheikh; Mohamed Bouhrim; Ilyass Alami Merrouni; Salima Boutahiri; Loubna Kharchoufa; Mohamed Addi; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bruno Eto; Abdelkhaleq Legssyer; Mostafa Elachouri. Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Fruits. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7788 .

AMA Style

Noureddine Bencheikh, Mohamed Bouhrim, Ilyass Alami Merrouni, Salima Boutahiri, Loubna Kharchoufa, Mohamed Addi, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Christophe Hano, Bruno Eto, Abdelkhaleq Legssyer, Mostafa Elachouri. Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Fruits. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (17):7788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noureddine Bencheikh; Mohamed Bouhrim; Ilyass Alami Merrouni; Salima Boutahiri; Loubna Kharchoufa; Mohamed Addi; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bruno Eto; Abdelkhaleq Legssyer; Mostafa Elachouri. 2021. "Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Fruits." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 7788.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Molecules
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In vitro cultures of scarlet flax (Linum grandiflorum L.), an important ornamental flax, have been established as a new possible valuable resource of lignans and neolignans for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications. The callogenic potential at different concentrations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), alone or in combinations, was evaluated using both L. grandiflorum hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. A higher callus induction frequency was observed on NAA than TDZ, especially for hypocotyl explants, with a maximum frequency (i.e., 95.2%) on 1.0 mg/L of NAA. The presence of NAA (1.0 mg/L) in conjunction with TDZ tended to increase the frequency of callogenesis relative to TDZ alone, but never reached the values observed with NAA alone, thereby indicating the lack of synergy between these two plant growth regulators (PGRs). Similarly, in terms of biomass, NAA was more effective than TDZ, with a maximum accumulation of biomass registered for medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of NAA using hypocotyls as initial explants (DW: 13.1 g). However, for biomass, a synergy between the two PGRs was observed, particularly for cotyledon-derived explants and for the lowest concentrations of TDZ. The influence of these two PGRs on callogenesis and biomass is discussed. The HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of lignans (secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and lariciresinol (LARI) and neolignan (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol [DCA]) naturally accumulated in their glycoside forms. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities performed for both hypocotyl- and cotyledon-derived cultures were also found maximal (DPPH: 89.5%, FRAP 866: µM TEAC, ABTS: 456 µM TEAC) in hypocotyl-derived callus cultures as compared with callus obtained from cotyledon explants. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities revealed high inhibition (COX-1: 47.4% and COX-2: 51.1%) for extract of hypocotyl-derived callus cultures at 2.5 mg/L TDZ. The anti-inflammatory action against COX-1 and COX-2 was supported by the IC50 values. This report provides a viable approach for enhanced biomass accumulation and efficient production of (neo)lignans in L. grandiflorum callus cultures.

ACS Style

Bushra Asad; Taimoor Khan; Faiza Gul; Muhammad Ullah; Samantha Drouet; Sara Mikac; Laurine Garros; Manon Ferrier; Shankhamala Bose; Thibaut Munsch; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Arnaud Lanoue; Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. Scarlet Flax Linum grandiflorum (L.) In Vitro Cultures as a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Lignans. Molecules 2021, 26, 4511 .

AMA Style

Bushra Asad, Taimoor Khan, Faiza Gul, Muhammad Ullah, Samantha Drouet, Sara Mikac, Laurine Garros, Manon Ferrier, Shankhamala Bose, Thibaut Munsch, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Arnaud Lanoue, Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi. Scarlet Flax Linum grandiflorum (L.) In Vitro Cultures as a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Lignans. Molecules. 2021; 26 (15):4511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bushra Asad; Taimoor Khan; Faiza Gul; Muhammad Ullah; Samantha Drouet; Sara Mikac; Laurine Garros; Manon Ferrier; Shankhamala Bose; Thibaut Munsch; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Arnaud Lanoue; Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. 2021. "Scarlet Flax Linum grandiflorum (L.) In Vitro Cultures as a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Lignans." Molecules 26, no. 15: 4511.

Review
Published: 03 March 2021
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Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy is a robust woody climbing shrub of the genus Rivea which is found in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Thailand. R. hypocrateriformis is a promising medicinal herb with enormous helpful and wellbeing advancing impacts. R. hypocrateriformis has been utilized as a customary medication for a long time to treat rheumatic pain, fever, urogenital problem, snake bite, cough, piles, malaria, and skin disease. Apart from the traditional uses its leaves and young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable and for preparation of bread with millet flour. This review comprehensively summarizes the up-to-date information on the botanical characterization, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity study of R. hypocrateriformis. Phytochemical investigation has been revealed that alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, xanthones, stilbenes, and other organic compounds are contained in R. hypocrateriformis. Crude extracts and isolated compounds have exhibited numerous pharmacological activities such as anovulatory effect, antifertility activity, antiarthritic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antilithiatic, antimitotic. R. hypocrateriformis is a promising restorative spice with monstrous remedial and wellbeing advancing impacts. Along these lines, further investigations on the bioactive mixtures and systems of R. hypocrateriformis are justified. Extra clinical and toxicological examinations are expected to assess its wellbeing.

ACS Style

Mohammad Mukim; Atul Kabra; Christophe Hano; Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Mohit Chaturvedi; Rakesh Patel. Rivea Hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy: A Review of its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Mukim, Atul Kabra, Christophe Hano, Samantha Drouet, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Mohit Chaturvedi, Rakesh Patel. Rivea Hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy: A Review of its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Mukim; Atul Kabra; Christophe Hano; Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Mohit Chaturvedi; Rakesh Patel. 2021. "Rivea Hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy: A Review of its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 14 February 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Flavonoids represent a popular class of industrially important bioactive compounds. They possess valuable health-benefiting and disease preventing properties, and therefore they are an important component of the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetical and medicinal industries. Moreover, flavonoids possess significant antiallergic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial as well as cardio-protective activities. Due to these properties, there is a rise in global demand for flavonoids, forming a significant part of the world market. However, obtaining flavonoids directly from plants has some limitations, such as low quantity, poor extraction, over-exploitation, time consuming process and loss of flora. Henceforth, there is a shift towards the in vitro production of flavonoids using the plant tissue culture technique to achieve better yields in less time. In order to achieve the productivity of flavonoids at an industrially competitive level, elicitation is a useful tool. The elicitation of in vitro cultures induces stressful conditions to plants, activates the plant defense system and enhances the accumulation of secondary metabolites in higher quantities. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as novel and effective elicitors for enhancing the in vitro production of industrially important flavonoids. Different classes of NPs, including metallic NPs (silver and copper), metallic oxide NPs (copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide) and carbon nanotubes, are widely reported as nano-elicitors of flavonoids discussed herein. Lastly, the mechanisms of NPs as well as knowledge gaps in the area of the nano-elicitation of flavonoids have been highlighted in this review.

ACS Style

Amna Khan; Sidra Kousar; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for in Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1694 .

AMA Style

Amna Khan, Sidra Kousar, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi, Sumaira Anjum. Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for in Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amna Khan; Sidra Kousar; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. 2021. "Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for in Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1694.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2021 in Molecules
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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn is a rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavonolignans with great potential for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Its biotechnological production using in vitro culture system has been proposed. Chitosan is a well-known elicitor that strongly affects both secondary metabolites and biomass production by plants. The effect of chitosan on S. marianum cell suspension is not known yet. In the present study, suspension cultures of S. marianum were exploited for their in vitro potential to produce bioactive flavonolignans in the presence of chitosan. Established cell suspension cultures were maintained on the same hormonal media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 1.0 mg/L NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) under photoperiod 16/8 h (light/dark) and exposed to various treatments of chitosan (ranging from 0.5 to 50.0 mg/L). The highest biomass production was observed for cell suspension treated with 5.0 mg/L chitosan, resulting in 123.3 ± 1.7 g/L fresh weight (FW) and 17.7 ± 0.5 g/L dry weight (DW) productions. All chitosan treatments resulted in an overall increase in the accumulation of total flavonoids (5.0 ± 0.1 mg/g DW for 5.0 mg/L chitosan), total phenolic compounds (11.0 ± 0.2 mg/g DW for 0.5 mg/L chitosan) and silymarin (9.9 ± 0.5 mg/g DW for 0.5 mg/L chitosan). In particular, higher accumulation levels of silybin B (6.3 ± 0.2 mg/g DW), silybin A (1.2 ± 0.1 mg/g DW) and silydianin (1.0 ± 0.0 mg/g DW) were recorded for 0.5 mg/L chitosan. The corresponding extracts displayed enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities: in particular, high ABTS antioxidant activity (741.5 ± 4.4 μM Trolox C equivalent antioxidant capacity) was recorded in extracts obtained in presence of 0.5 mg/L of chitosan, whereas highest inhibitions of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2, 30.5 ± 1.3 %), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2, 33.9 ± 1.3 %) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-2, 31.6 ± 1.2 %) enzymes involved in inflammation process were measured in extracts obtained in the presence of 5.0 mg/L of chitosan. Taken together, these results highlight the high potential of the chitosan elicitation in the S. marianum cell suspension for enhanced production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory silymarin-rich extracts.

ACS Style

Muzamil Shah; Hasnain Jan; Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Jafir Shirazi; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts. Molecules 2021, 26, 791 .

AMA Style

Muzamil Shah, Hasnain Jan, Samantha Drouet, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Jafir Shirazi, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi. Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):791.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muzamil Shah; Hasnain Jan; Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Jafir Shirazi; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. 2021. "Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts." Molecules 26, no. 4: 791.

Review
Published: 30 January 2021 in Cosmetics
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Nymphaea lotus L. or water lily is a well-known traditional medicinal plant in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka, China, Nepal, Egypt and many African countries. This species has been reported as a promising flavonoid-rich raw material that can be used as an active ingredient for the development of cosmetic/cosmeceutical products. This review aims to illustrate the cosmetic potential of this species by providing botanical information, traditional uses, flavonoid accumulation, biological activities and future research challenges in the production of N. lotus extracts for cosmetic applications.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Panida Kongsawadworakul; Christophe Hano. A Cosmetic Perspective on the Antioxidant Flavonoids from Nymphaea lotus L. Cosmetics 2021, 8, 12 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Panida Kongsawadworakul, Christophe Hano. A Cosmetic Perspective on the Antioxidant Flavonoids from Nymphaea lotus L. Cosmetics. 2021; 8 (1):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Panida Kongsawadworakul; Christophe Hano. 2021. "A Cosmetic Perspective on the Antioxidant Flavonoids from Nymphaea lotus L." Cosmetics 8, no. 1: 12.

Preprint
Published: 11 January 2021
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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn is a rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavonolignans with great potential for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Its biotechnological production using in vitro culture system has been proposed. Chitosan is a well-known elicitor that strongly affects both secondary metabolites and biomass production by plants. The effect of chitosan on S. marianum cell suspension is not known yet. In the present study, suspension cultures of S marianum were exploited for their in vitro potency to produce bioactive flavonolignans in the presence of chitosan. Established cell suspension culture was maintained on the same hormonal media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 1.0 mg/L NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) under photoperiod 16/8 h (light/dark) and exposed to various treatments of chitosan (ranging from 0.5 to 50.0 mg/L). The highest biomass production was observed for cell suspension treated with 5.0 mg/L chitosan, resulting in 123.3 g/L fresh weight (FW) and 17.7 g/L dry weight (DW) productions. Chitosan treatment resulted in an overall increase in the accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and silymarin. High accumulation levels of silybin B, silydianin and silybin A were recorded by HPLC analysis. The corresponding extracts displayed interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. In particular, high ABTS antioxidant activity (741.5 μM Trolox C equivalent antioxidant capacity) was recorded in extracts obtained in presence of 0.5 mg/L of chitosan. On the opposite, highest inhibitions of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2, 30.5 %), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2, 33.9 %) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-2, 31.6 %) enzymes involved in inflammation process were measured in extracts obtained in presence of 5.0 mg/L of chitosan. Taken together, these results highlight the high potential of the chitosan elicitation of the S. marianum cell suspension for enhanced production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory silymarin-rich extracts.

ACS Style

Muzamil Shah; Hasnain Jan; Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Jafir Hussain Shirazi; Hano Christophe; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Muzamil Shah, Hasnain Jan, Samantha Drouet, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Jafir Hussain Shirazi, Hano Christophe, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muzamil Shah; Hasnain Jan; Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Jafir Hussain Shirazi; Hano Christophe; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2021. "Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 11 November 2020 in Cosmetics
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Alpinia galanga is a well-known medicinal plant in Southeast Asia and has been used for a long time as food and medicine. A large number of flavonoid phytochemical compounds have been identified in various parts of this medicinal herb. Flavonoids are commonly known as attractive compounds that can be applied to cosmetic or cosmeceutical product development because of their antioxidant, anti-aging and many other potential biological activities. This recent review aims to illustrate and update the taxonomic status as well as the species description that will be helpful for a rigorous identification and authenticate the raw material or living specimen from A. galanga. The flavonoid phytochemical compounds and the bioactivity of this medicinal plant are also provided. The future perspectives and research directions of A. galanga and its flavonoids are pointed out in this study as well.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Nobuyuki Tanaka; Ayumi Uehara; Tsukasa Iwashina. Flavonoids Profile, Taxonomic Data, History of Cosmetic Uses, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Aging Potential of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Cosmetics 2020, 7, 89 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Ayumi Uehara, Tsukasa Iwashina. Flavonoids Profile, Taxonomic Data, History of Cosmetic Uses, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Aging Potential of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Cosmetics. 2020; 7 (4):89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Nobuyuki Tanaka; Ayumi Uehara; Tsukasa Iwashina. 2020. "Flavonoids Profile, Taxonomic Data, History of Cosmetic Uses, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Aging Potential of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd." Cosmetics 7, no. 4: 89.

Review
Published: 06 November 2020 in Cosmetics
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Cajanus cajan (aka pigeon pea) is a terrestrial medicinal plant native to Asian and African countries before being introduced to the American continent. This protein-rich legume species, belonging to the Fabaceae family, has been traditionally used to cure various ailments in many traditional medicines. Recent works have highlighted it as a rich source of a wide array of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. The major biological activities that are currently reported on are mainly focused on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which are relevant for the cosmetic field. For example, hydroalcoholic extract from C. cajan has been highlighted as a particularly effective antioxidant in various scavenging assays for both reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. One of its constituents, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, has been reported to suppress inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in murine RAW264.7 macrophages). The present review provides an overview on the flavonoids and phenolics from C. cajan as well as their biological activities that can be applied for cosmetic applications. In addition, the botanical data including taxonomic description, flowering season, distribution, synonyms and traditional uses are illustrated, so as to provide an overview of pigeon pea’s cosmetic/cosmeceutical potentials.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano. Cosmetic Potential of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp: Botanical Data, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. Cosmetics 2020, 7, 84 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Christophe Hano. Cosmetic Potential of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp: Botanical Data, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. Cosmetics. 2020; 7 (4):84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano. 2020. "Cosmetic Potential of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp: Botanical Data, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities." Cosmetics 7, no. 4: 84.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2020 in Molecules
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Thai basil is a renowned medicinal plant and a rich source of bioactive antioxidant compounds with several health benefits, with actions to prevent of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be routinely established as an important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source to produce high-value phytochemicals. The current study aimed at developing an effective protocol to produce Thai basil leaf-derived callus cultures with sustainable and high production of biomass and antioxidants as an alternative of leaves production. MS basal medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) compatible with nutraceutical applications (i.e., gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) either alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) were evaluated. Among all tested PGRs, the combination BAP:NAA (5 mg/L:1 mg/L) yields the maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 190 g/L and dry weight (DW): 13.05 g/L) as well as enhanced phenolic (346.08 mg/L) production. HPLC quantification analysis indicated high productions of chicoric acid (35.77 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (7.35 mg/g DW) under optimized callus culture conditions. Antioxidant potential was assessed using both in vitro cell free and in vivo cellular antioxidant assays. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity DPPH (93.2% of radical scavenging activity) and ABTS (1322 µM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also observed for the extracts from callus cultures grown in optimal conditions. In vivo cellular antioxidant activity assay confirmed the effective protection against oxidative stress of the corresponding extract by the maximum inhibition of ROS and RNS production. Compared to commercial leaves, callus extracts showed higher production of chicoric acid and rosmarinic acid associated with higher antioxidant capacity. In addition, this biological system also has a large capacity for continuous biomass production, thus demonstrating its high potential for possible nutraceutical applications.

ACS Style

Saher Nazir; Hasnain Jan; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Muhammad Zia; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants. Molecules 2020, 25, 4859 .

AMA Style

Saher Nazir, Hasnain Jan, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Samantha Drouet, Muhammad Zia, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants. Molecules. 2020; 25 (20):4859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saher Nazir; Hasnain Jan; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Muhammad Zia; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2020. "Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants." Molecules 25, no. 20: 4859.

Preprint
Published: 13 September 2020
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Thai basil is a renowned medicinal plant and a rich source of bioactive antioxidant compounds having several health benefits, with actions to prevent of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be routinely established as an important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source for the production of high-value phytochemicals. The current study aimed at developing an effective protocol for the production of Thai basil leaf derived callus cultures with sustainable and high production of biomass and antioxidants as an alternative of leaves production. MS basal medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) compatible with nutraceutical applications (i.e., gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) either alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) were evaluated. Among all tested PGRs, the combination BAP:NAA (5 mg/L:1 mg/L) yield maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 190 g/L and dry weight (DW): 13.05 g/L) as well as enhanced phenolic (346.08 mg/L) production. HPLC quantification analysis indicated high productions of chicoric acid (35.77 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (7.35 mg/g DW) under optimized callus culture conditions. Antioxidant potential was assessed using both in vitro cell free and in vivo cellular antioxidant assays. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity DPPH (93.2 % of radical scavenging activity) and ABTS (1322 µM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also observed for the extracts from callus cultures grown on optimal conditions. In vivo cellular antioxidant activity assay confirmed the effective protection against oxidative stress of the corresponding extract by the maximum inhibition of ROS and RNS production. Compared to commercial leaves, callus extracts showed higher production of chicoric acid and rosmarinic acid associated with higher antioxidant capacity. In addition, this biological system also has a large capacity for continuous biomass production, thus demonstrating its high potential for possible nutraceutical applications.

ACS Style

Saher Nazir; Hasnain Jan; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Muhammad Zia; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Callus Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. cv 'Thai Basil' Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants Compared to Leaves. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Saher Nazir, Hasnain Jan, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Samantha Drouet, Muhammad Zia, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Callus Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. cv 'Thai Basil' Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants Compared to Leaves. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saher Nazir; Hasnain Jan; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Muhammad Zia; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2020. "Callus Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. cv 'Thai Basil' Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants Compared to Leaves." , no. : 1.

Communication
Published: 21 July 2020 in Plants
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“Bau Luang” or Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. is an aquatic medicinal herb that has been used as a component of traditional medicines, medicinal products, and herbal tea for good health, particularly in Asia. The stamen of N. nucifera is an important part of this medicinal plant that is used in the form of dried and/or powdered stamens for herbal tea as well as the main ingredient of some traditional remedies. However, there is another aquatic herb called “Bau Sai” or Nymphaea lotus L. that is distributed in similar locations. Living plants of these two aquatic species may be classified according to their morphology, but the dried and powdered stamens of these two medicinal species are difficult to distinguish. The major reason of adulteration is the higher price of Bau Luang stamen. As a result, various methods of authentication, such as pollen micromorphology evaluation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, bioinformatics analysis of two nuclear and plastic DNA markers, phytochemical stamen profiling, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of stamen plant material authentication from Bau Luang and Bau Sai, have been used in this present research in order to avoid some adulteration and/or misuse between the dried stamens of Bau Luang and Bau Sai. These results showed that the micro-morphology of pollen (size of pollen grain, number of apertures, and surface ornamentation) from the SEM analysis, some phytochemical compounds and the FTIR sporopollenin-to-protein ratio signal analysis are potential tools for authentication and identification of these two medicinal plants from their dried-stamen materials. This model of investigation may also be used to distinguish dried plant material from other problematic plant groups.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Sullivan Renouard; Samantha Drouet; Jean-Philippe Blondeau; Christophe Hano. A Critical Cross-Species Comparison of Pollen from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. vs. Nymphaea lotus L. for Authentication of Thai Medicinal Herbal Tea. Plants 2020, 9, 921 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Sullivan Renouard, Samantha Drouet, Jean-Philippe Blondeau, Christophe Hano. A Critical Cross-Species Comparison of Pollen from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. vs. Nymphaea lotus L. for Authentication of Thai Medicinal Herbal Tea. Plants. 2020; 9 (7):921.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Sullivan Renouard; Samantha Drouet; Jean-Philippe Blondeau; Christophe Hano. 2020. "A Critical Cross-Species Comparison of Pollen from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. vs. Nymphaea lotus L. for Authentication of Thai Medicinal Herbal Tea." Plants 9, no. 7: 921.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Mature fruits (i.e., achenes) of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Asteraceae) accumulate high amounts of silymarin (SILM), a complex mixture of bioactive flavonolignans deriving from taxifolin. Their biological activities in relation with human health promotion and disease prevention are well described. However, the conditions of their biosynthesis in planta are still obscure. To fill this gap, fruit development stages were first precisely defined to study the accumulation kinetics of SILM constituents during fruit ripening. The accumulation profiles of the SILM components during fruit maturation were determined using the LC-MS analysis of these defined developmental phases. The kinetics of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and peroxidase (POX) activities suggest in situ biosynthesis of SILM from l-Phenylalanine during fruit maturation rather than a transport of precursors to the achene. In particular, in contrast to laccase activity, POX activity was associated with the accumulation of silymarin, thus indicating a possible preferential involvement of peroxidase(s) in the oxidative coupling step leading to flavonolignans. Reference genes have been identified, selected and validated to allow accurate gene expression profiling of candidate biosynthetic genes (PAL, CAD, CHS, F3H, F3'H and POX) related to SILM accumulation. Gene expression profiles were correlated with SILM accumulation kinetic and preferential location in pericarp during S. marianum fruit maturation, reaching maximum biosynthesis when desiccation occurs, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of an in situ biosynthesis. This observation led us to consider the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA), a key phytohormone in the control of fruit ripening process. ABA accumulation timing and location during milk thistle fruit ripening appeared in line with a potential regulation of the SLIM accumulation. A possible transcriptional regulation of SILM biosynthesis by ABA was supported by the presence of ABA-responsive cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of the SILM biosynthetic genes studied. These results pave the way for a better understanding of the biosynthetic regulation of SILM during the maturation of S. marianum fruit and offer important insights to better control the production of these medicinally important compounds.

ACS Style

Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Éric Lainé; Christophe Hano. Gene Expression Analysis and Metabolite Profiling of Silymarin Biosynthesis during Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Fruit Ripening. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 4730 .

AMA Style

Samantha Drouet, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Éric Lainé, Christophe Hano. Gene Expression Analysis and Metabolite Profiling of Silymarin Biosynthesis during Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Fruit Ripening. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (13):4730.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samantha Drouet; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Éric Lainé; Christophe Hano. 2020. "Gene Expression Analysis and Metabolite Profiling of Silymarin Biosynthesis during Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Fruit Ripening." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13: 4730.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Antioxidants
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Nymphaea lotus L. is the medicinal plant that has long been used for food, cosmetics and traditional medicines in Africa and Asia since ancient times. Its flavonoids and other interesting phytochemical compounds from rhizome, leaf and the whole flowers have been reported in the previous published research. However, stamens, which are essential for reproductive functions, may also represent new alternative sources of potential antioxidant flavonoids, as investigated in this study. The innovative green chemistry methods, i.e., ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) as well as a macroporous resin (MPR) purification procedure, were employed in this current research. Using a full factorial design coupled to three-dimensional (3D) surface plot methodology, the influence of three variables, namely aqEtOH concentration (ranging from 50 to 100% (v/v), US frequency (ranging from 0 (no US applied) to 45 kHz), and the extraction duration (ranging from 20 to 60 min), were evaluated. Five MPRs with different surface areas, average pore diameters, matrix types and polarities were also investigated for the purification of total flavonoids. The optimal UAE condition is 90% (v/v) aqEtOH with 34.65 khz ultrasonic frequency and 46 min of extraction duration. Compared with the conventional heat reflux extraction (HRE) method, a significant 1.35-fold increase in total flavonoids content was obtained using optimized UAE conditions (169.64 for HRE vs. 235.45 mg/g dry weight for UAE), causing a 2.80-fold increase when this UAE associated with MPR purification (475.42 mg/g dry weight). In vitro cell free antioxidant activity of N. lotus stamen extracts and in cellulo antioxidant investigation using yeast model showed the same trend, indicating that the best antioxidant flavonoid can be found in UAE coupled with MPR purification. Moreover, in the yeast model, the expression of key antioxidant genes such as SIR2 and SOD2 were expressed at the highest level in yeast cells treated with the extract from UAE together with MPR purification. Consequently, it can be seen that the UAE combined with MPR purification can help enhance the flavonoid antioxidant potential of the stamens extract from this medicinal species.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Atul Kabra; Christophe Hano. Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 576 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Samantha Drouet, Atul Kabra, Christophe Hano. Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (7):576.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Atul Kabra; Christophe Hano. 2020. "Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption." Antioxidants 9, no. 7: 576.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in Biomolecules
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Linum usitatissimum biosynthesizes lignans and neolignans that are diet and medicinally valuable metabolites. In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have emerged as potential elicitors for the enhanced biosynthesis of commercial secondary metabolites. Herein, we investigated the influence of biogenic ZnONPs on both seedlings and stem-derived callus of L. usitatissimum. Seedlings of L. usitatissimum grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with ZnONPs (1–1000 mg/L) presented the highest antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities at 500 mg/L, while the maximum plantlet length was achieved with 10 mg/L. Likewise, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the enhanced production of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, lariciresinol diglucoside, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside and guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside in the plantlets grown on the 500 mg/L ZnONPs. On the other hand, the stem explants were cultured on MS media comprising 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1 mg/L) and ZnONPs (1–50 mg/L). The highest antioxidant and other activities with an enhanced rooting effect were noted in 25 mg/L ZnONP-treated callus. Similarly, the maximum metabolites were also accumulated in 25 mg/L ZnONP-treated callus. In both systems, the dose-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was recorded, resulting in oxidative damage with a more pronounced toxic effect on in vitro cultures. Altogether, the results from this study constitute a first comprehensive view of the impact of ZnONPs on the oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in seedlings vs. in vitro cultures.

ACS Style

Afifa Zaeem; Samantha Drouet; Sumaira Anjum; Razia Khurshid; Muhammad Younas; Jean Philippe Blondeau; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Effects of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Oxidative Stress Response in Flax Seedlings vs. In Vitro Cultures: A Comparative Analysis. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 918 .

AMA Style

Afifa Zaeem, Samantha Drouet, Sumaira Anjum, Razia Khurshid, Muhammad Younas, Jean Philippe Blondeau, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Effects of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Oxidative Stress Response in Flax Seedlings vs. In Vitro Cultures: A Comparative Analysis. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (6):918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Afifa Zaeem; Samantha Drouet; Sumaira Anjum; Razia Khurshid; Muhammad Younas; Jean Philippe Blondeau; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2020. "Effects of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Oxidative Stress Response in Flax Seedlings vs. In Vitro Cultures: A Comparative Analysis." Biomolecules 10, no. 6: 918.

Research article
Published: 12 June 2020 in PLoS ONE
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Eclipta alba L., also known as false daisy, is well known and commercially attractive plant with excellent hepatotoxic and antidiabetic activities. Light is considered a key modulator in plant morphogenesis and survival by regulating important physiological cascades. Current study was carried out to investigate growth and developmental aspects of E. alba under differential effect of multispectral lights. In vitro derived callus culture of E. alba was exposed to multispectral monochromatic lights under controlled aseptic conditions. Maximum dry weight was recorded in culture grown under red light (11.2 g/L) whereas negative effect was observed under exposure of yellow light on callus growth (4.87 g/L). Furthermore, red light significantly enhanced phenolics and flavonoids content (TPC: 57.8 mg/g, TFC: 11.1 mg/g) in callus cultures compared to rest of lights. HPLC analysis further confirmed highest accumulation of four major compounds i.e. coumarin (1.26 mg/g), eclalbatin (5.00 mg/g), wedelolactone (32.54 mg/g) and demethylwedelolactone (23.67 mg/g) and two minor compounds (β-amyrin: 0.38 mg/g, luteolin: 0.39 mg/g) in red light treated culture whereas stigmasterol was found optimum (0.22 mg/g) under blue light. In vitro based biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic and lipase inhibitory assays showed optimum values in cultures exposed to red light, suggesting crucial role of these phytochemicals in the enhancement of the therapeutic potential of E. alba. These results clearly revealed that the use of multispectral lights in in vitro cultures could be an effective strategy for enhanced production of phytochemicals.

ACS Style

Razia Khurshid; Muhammad Asad Ullah; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Muzamil Shah; Afifa Zaeem; Safia Hameed; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Lights triggered differential accumulation of antioxidant and antidiabetic secondary metabolites in callus culture of Eclipta alba L. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0233963 .

AMA Style

Razia Khurshid, Muhammad Asad Ullah, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Samantha Drouet, Muzamil Shah, Afifa Zaeem, Safia Hameed, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Lights triggered differential accumulation of antioxidant and antidiabetic secondary metabolites in callus culture of Eclipta alba L. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (6):e0233963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Razia Khurshid; Muhammad Asad Ullah; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Muzamil Shah; Afifa Zaeem; Safia Hameed; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2020. "Lights triggered differential accumulation of antioxidant and antidiabetic secondary metabolites in callus culture of Eclipta alba L." PLoS ONE 15, no. 6: e0233963.

Preprint
Published: 04 June 2020
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Nymphaea lotus L. is the medicinal plant that has long been used as food, cosmetic and traditional medicines in Africa and Asia since the ancient time. Its flavonoids and other interesting phytochemical compounds from rhizome, leaf, and the whole flowers have been reported in the previous published researches. However, stamens, which are essential for reproductive functions, may also represent new alternative sources of potential antioxidant flavonoids as investigated in this study. The innovative green chemistry method i.e. ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) as well as macroporous resin (MPR) purification procedure were employed in this current research. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction condition is 90 % (v/v) aqEtOH with 34.65 khz ultrasonic frequency and 46 minutes of extraction time. Comparing with heat reflux extraction (HRE) conventional method, the significant gain of 1.35 total flavonoids content was obtained using optimized USAE conditions, jumping to 2.80 when this USAE associated with MPR purification. Not only in vitro cell free antioxidant activity of N. lotus stamen extracts, but also in cellulo antioxidant investigation using yeast model showed the same trend to indicate that the best antioxidant flavonoid can be found in USAE coupled with MPR purification. Moreover, the key antioxidant genes expression in yeast model such as SIR2 and SOD2 were also expressed at the highest level in yeast cell treated with the extract from USAE together with MPR purification. Consequently, it can be seen that the USAE combined with MPR purification can help to enhance the flavonoids antioxidant potential of the stamens extract from this medicinal species.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Atul Kabra; Christophe Hano. Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Samantha Drouet, Atul Kabra, Christophe Hano. Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Samantha Drouet; Atul Kabra; Christophe Hano. 2020. "Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2020 in Life
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Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb) is one of the largest nut crops in the world. Recently, phenolic compounds, mostly stored in almond skin, have been associated with much of the health-promoting behavior associated with their intake. The almond skin enriched fraction obtained from cold-pressed oil residues of the endemic Moroccan Beldi ecotypes is particularly rich in chlorogenic acid. In this study, both almond skin extract (AE) and chlorogenic acid (CHL) supplements, similar to traditional positive control resveratrol, significantly increased the chronological life-span of yeast compared to the untreated group. Our results showed that AE and CHL significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), most likely due to their ability to maintain mitochondrial function during aging, as indicated by the maintenance of normal mitochondrial membrane potential in treated groups. This may be associated with the observed activation of the anti-oxidative stress response in treated yeast, which results in activation at both gene expression and enzymatic activity levels for SOD2 and SIR2, the latter being an upstream inducer of SOD2 expression. Interestingly, the differential gene expression induction of mitochondrial SOD2 gene at the expense of the cytosolic SOD1 gene confirms the key role of mitochondrial function in this regulation. Furthermore, AE and CHL have contributed to the survival of yeast under UV-C-induced oxidative stress, by reducing the development of ROS/RNS, resulting in a significant reduction in cellular oxidative damage, as evidenced by decreased membrane lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and 8-oxo-guanine formation in DNA. Together, these results demonstrate the interest of AE and CHL as new regulators in the chronological life-span and control of the oxidative stress response of yeast.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Malika Abid; Ahmed Elamrani; Samantha Drouet; Mohamed Addi; Christophe Hano. Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast. Life 2020, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Malika Abid, Ahmed Elamrani, Samantha Drouet, Mohamed Addi, Christophe Hano. Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast. Life. 2020; 10 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Malika Abid; Ahmed Elamrani; Samantha Drouet; Mohamed Addi; Christophe Hano. 2020. "Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast." Life 10, no. 6: 1.

Article
Published: 10 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) is one of the most important nut crops both in terms of area and production. Over the last few decades, an important part of the beneficial actions for health associated with their consumption was attributed to the phenolic compounds, mainly accumulated in almond skin. Interestingly, after cold-pressed oil extraction, most of these antioxidant phenolic compounds are retained in a skin-enriched by-product, a so-called almond cold-pressed oil residue. In Morocco, the fifth highest ranking producer in the world, this production generates an important part of this valuable byproduct. In the present study, using a multivariate Box–Behnken design, an ultrasound-assisted extraction method of phenolic compounds from Moroccan almond cold-pressed oil residue was developed and validated. Response surface methodology resulted in the optimal extraction conditions: the use of aqueous ethanol 53.0% (v/v) as a green solvent, applying an ultrasound frequency of 27.0 kHz for an extraction duration of 29.4 min. The present ultrasound-assisted extraction allowed substantial gains in terms of extraction efficiency compared to conventional heat reflux extraction. Applied to three different local Beldi genotypes growing at three different experimental sites, the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction led to a total phenolic content of 13.86 mg/g dry weight. HPLC analysis revealed that the main phenolic compounds from this valuable byproduct were: chlorogenic acid followed by protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The accumulation of these phenolic compounds appeared to be more dependent on the genetic background than on the environmental impact here represented by the three experimental culture sites. Both in vitro cell free and cellular antioxidant assays were performed, and revealed the great potential of these extracts. In particular, correlation analysis provided evidence of the prominent roles of chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. To summarize, the validated ultrasound-assisted extraction method presented here is a quick, green, simple and efficient for the possible valorization of antioxidant phenolic compounds from Moroccan almond cold-pressed oil residues, making it possible to generate extracts with attractive antioxidant activities for future nutraceutical and/or cosmetic applications.

ACS Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Ahmed Elamrani; Malika Abid; Samantha Drouet; Reza Kiani; Laurine Garros; Atul Kabra; Mohamed Addi; Christophe Hano. A Quick, Green and Simple Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Valorization of Antioxidant Phenolic Acids from Moroccan Almond Cold-Pressed Oil Residues. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3313 .

AMA Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Ahmed Elamrani, Malika Abid, Samantha Drouet, Reza Kiani, Laurine Garros, Atul Kabra, Mohamed Addi, Christophe Hano. A Quick, Green and Simple Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Valorization of Antioxidant Phenolic Acids from Moroccan Almond Cold-Pressed Oil Residues. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):3313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Ahmed Elamrani; Malika Abid; Samantha Drouet; Reza Kiani; Laurine Garros; Atul Kabra; Mohamed Addi; Christophe Hano. 2020. "A Quick, Green and Simple Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Valorization of Antioxidant Phenolic Acids from Moroccan Almond Cold-Pressed Oil Residues." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3313.

Editorial
Published: 09 May 2020 in Medicines
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The present editorial serves as an introduction to the Special Issue “Antioxidant and Anti-aging Action of Plant Polyphenols”. It also provides a summary of the polyphenols, their biological properties and possible functions as medicines, the importance of traditional medicines as a source of inspiration, the rationalization of new uses of plant extracts which lead to applications in modern medicine, the status of modern green-chemistry extraction methods, and some reflections on future prospects. Here, the articles from this Special Issue, and the main aspects of the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of plant polyphenols are discussed in the form of seven questions.

ACS Style

Christophe Hano; Duangjai Tungmunnithum. Plant Polyphenols, More than Just Simple Natural Antioxidants: Oxidative Stress, Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Medicines 2020, 7, 26 .

AMA Style

Christophe Hano, Duangjai Tungmunnithum. Plant Polyphenols, More than Just Simple Natural Antioxidants: Oxidative Stress, Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Medicines. 2020; 7 (5):26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christophe Hano; Duangjai Tungmunnithum. 2020. "Plant Polyphenols, More than Just Simple Natural Antioxidants: Oxidative Stress, Aging and Age-Related Diseases." Medicines 7, no. 5: 26.