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Prof. Bilal Abbasi
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

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0 Elicitation
0 secondary metabolites
0 antioxidant activity
0 antioxidant
0 flavonoids

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antioxidant
callus
secondary metabolites
antioxidant activity
flavonoids
phenolics
Elicitation
lignans
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Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. (Z. lotus) is a medicinal plant species that is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin. Moroccans traditionally use it to treat many illnesses thanks to its beneficial medicinal properties. The purpose of this study is to assess the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of a flavonoid-rich aqueous extract of Z. lotus fruits (ZLF). The 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and the β-carotene bleaching test were used to determine the antioxidant activity of ZLF. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the aqueous extract of ZLF (200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in albino mice exposed to the chronic high-fat diet, based on lipid profile, blood sugar, and changes in growth performance. The results showed that the aqueous extract of ZLF rich in flavonoids (2242.89 ± 25 µg QE (quercitin equivalent)/mg), and has a considerable antioxidant power against DPPH radicals (IC50 = 116 ± 0.02 µg/mL) and β-carotene oxidation. The aqueous extract of ZLF also showed a significant anti-hyperlipidemic effect by improving abnormal changes in lipid profile and blood glucose levels in albino mice exposed to a chronic high-fat diet. Our findings suggest that the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of ZLF aqueous extract are correlated with its flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the aqueous extract of ZLF could be an essential therapeutic candidate for hyperlipidemia patients, thanks to its richness in bioactive molecules.

ACS Style

Noureddine Bencheikh; Mohamed Bouhrim; Ilyass Alami Merrouni; Salima Boutahiri; Loubna Kharchoufa; Mohamed Addi; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bruno Eto; Abdelkhaleq Legssyer; Mostafa Elachouri. Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Fruits. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7788 .

AMA Style

Noureddine Bencheikh, Mohamed Bouhrim, Ilyass Alami Merrouni, Salima Boutahiri, Loubna Kharchoufa, Mohamed Addi, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Christophe Hano, Bruno Eto, Abdelkhaleq Legssyer, Mostafa Elachouri. Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Fruits. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (17):7788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noureddine Bencheikh; Mohamed Bouhrim; Ilyass Alami Merrouni; Salima Boutahiri; Loubna Kharchoufa; Mohamed Addi; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bruno Eto; Abdelkhaleq Legssyer; Mostafa Elachouri. 2021. "Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Fruits." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 7788.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Aquilegia pubiflora leaves are reported against hepatitis, for treatment of skin burns, wound healing, jaundice, gynea, circulatory and cardiovascular disease in several studies. Therefore, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with Aquilegia pubiflora leaves extract, as an alternative to chemical synthesis, is beneficial from its biological applications point of view. The formation and size distribution of Ag-NPs were confirmed by UV-spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and HPLC. Silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 19 nm were used in various assays including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, anti-cancer and biocompatibility studies. Our findings revealed that Aquilegia pubiflora mediated Ag-NPs were highly active against both bacterial and fungal strains with Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger displaying the highest zone of inhibition 10.9±0.29 mm and 13.11±0.33 mm respectively. Dose dependent cytotoxic activity was shown by NPs against Leishmania Tropica with significant IC50 of 175 μg/mL for promastigote and 169 μg/mL for amastigote forms. The Ag-NPs proved to be highly toxic for the HepG2 cell line and inhibit cell viability up to 52.06±2.9% after 24 hours of Ag-NPs treatment. Ag-NPs also showed excellent inhibitory potential against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE: 71.38±1.75) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE: 73.61±1.96) which are involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, the enzymes involved in aging, diabetes, and inflammation showed a moderate inhibitory response to Ag-NPs, led to the conclusion that they are a promising choice for various biological applications.

ACS Style

Hasnain Jan; Gouhar Zaman; Hazrat Usman; Rotaba Ansir; Samantha Drouet; Nathalie Gigliolo-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Biogenically Proficient Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) Employing Aqueous Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora along with their in vitro Antimicrobial, Anti-cancer and other Biological Applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Hasnain Jan, Gouhar Zaman, Hazrat Usman, Rotaba Ansir, Samantha Drouet, Nathalie Gigliolo-Guivarc’H, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Biogenically Proficient Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) Employing Aqueous Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora along with their in vitro Antimicrobial, Anti-cancer and other Biological Applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasnain Jan; Gouhar Zaman; Hazrat Usman; Rotaba Ansir; Samantha Drouet; Nathalie Gigliolo-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2021. "Biogenically Proficient Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) Employing Aqueous Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora along with their in vitro Antimicrobial, Anti-cancer and other Biological Applications." Journal of Materials Research and Technology , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 17 August 2021 in Genes
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Exploring the molecular foundation of the gene-regulatory systems underlying agronomic parameters or/and plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses is crucial for crop improvement. Thus, transcription factors, which alone or in combination directly regulated the targeted gene expression levels, are appropriate players for enlightening agronomic parameters through genetic engineering. In this regard, homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) genes family concerned with enlightening plant growth and tolerance to environmental stresses are considered key players for crop improvement. This gene family containing HD and LZ domain belongs to the homeobox superfamily. It is further classified into four subfamilies, namely HD-ZIP I, HD-ZIP II, HD-ZIP III, and HD-ZIP IV. The first HD domain-containing gene was discovered in maize cells almost three decades ago. Since then, with advanced technologies, these genes were functionally characterized for their distinct roles in overall plant growth and development under adverse environmental conditions. This review summarized the different functions of HD-ZIP genes in plant growth and physiological-related activities from germination to fruit development. Additionally, the HD-ZIP genes also respond to various abiotic and biotic environmental stimuli by regulating defense response of plants. This review, therefore, highlighted the various significant aspects of this important gene family based on the recent findings. The practical application of HD-ZIP biomolecules in developing bioengineered plants will not only mitigate the negative effects of environmental stresses but also increase the overall production of crop plants.

ACS Style

Rahat Sharif; Ali Raza; Peng Chen; Yuhong Li; Enas M. El-Ballat; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed A. El-Esawi. HD-ZIP Gene Family: Potential Roles in Improving Plant Growth and Regulating Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Plants. Genes 2021, 12, 1256 .

AMA Style

Rahat Sharif, Ali Raza, Peng Chen, Yuhong Li, Enas M. El-Ballat, Abdur Rauf, Christophe Hano, Mohamed A. El-Esawi. HD-ZIP Gene Family: Potential Roles in Improving Plant Growth and Regulating Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Plants. Genes. 2021; 12 (8):1256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahat Sharif; Ali Raza; Peng Chen; Yuhong Li; Enas M. El-Ballat; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed A. El-Esawi. 2021. "HD-ZIP Gene Family: Potential Roles in Improving Plant Growth and Regulating Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Plants." Genes 12, no. 8: 1256.

Research article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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The anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) produced from aqueous leaf extract of Aquilegia pubiflora were evaluated in this study. Several methods were used to characterize ZnO-NPs, including SEM, FTIR, XRD, DLS, PL, Raman, and HPLC. The nanoparticles that had a size of 34.23 nm as well as a strong aqueous dispersion potential were highly pure, spherical or elliptical in form, and had a mean size of 34.23 nm. According to FTIR and HPLC studies, the flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were successfully capped. Synthesized ZnO-NPs in water have a zeta potential of -18.4 mV, showing that they are stable solutions. The ZnO-NPs proved to be highly toxic for the HepG2 cell line and showed a reduced cell viability of 23.68 ± 2.1 % after 24 hours of ZnO-NP treatment. ZnO-NPs also showed excellent inhibitory potential against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 102 μg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 125 μg/mL) which are involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, the enzymes involved in aging, diabetes, and inflammation showed a moderate inhibitory response to ZnO-NPs. Given these findings, these biosynthesized ZnO-NPs could be a good option for the cure of deadly diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and other inflammatory diseases due to their strong anticancer potential and efficient antioxidant properties.

ACS Style

Hasnain Jan; Muzamil Shah; Anisa Andleeb; Shah Faisal; Aishma Khattak; Muhammad Rizwan; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Plant-Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora: Their Antiproliferative Activity against HepG2 Cells Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Other In Vitro Properties. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Hasnain Jan, Muzamil Shah, Anisa Andleeb, Shah Faisal, Aishma Khattak, Muhammad Rizwan, Samantha Drouet, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Plant-Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora: Their Antiproliferative Activity against HepG2 Cells Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Other In Vitro Properties. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2021; 2021 ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasnain Jan; Muzamil Shah; Anisa Andleeb; Shah Faisal; Aishma Khattak; Muhammad Rizwan; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2021. "Plant-Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora: Their Antiproliferative Activity against HepG2 Cells Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Other In Vitro Properties." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021, no. : 1-14.

Review
Published: 14 August 2021 in Molecules
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The importance of vegetables in human nutrition, such as cereals, which in many cases represent the main source of daily energy for humans, added to the impact that the incessant increase in demographic pressure has on the demand for these plant foods, entails the search for new technologies that can alleviate this pressure on markets while reducing the carbon footprint of related activities. Plant proteomics arises as a response to these problems, and through research and the application of new technologies, it attempts to enhance areas of food science that are fundamental for the optimization of processes. This review aims to present the different approaches and tools of proteomics in the investigation of new methods for the development of vegetable crops. In the last two decades, different studies in the control of the quality of crops have reported very interesting results that can help us to verify parameters as important as food safety, the authenticity of the products, or the increase in the yield by early detection of diseases. A strategic plan that encourages the incorporation of these new methods into the industry will be essential to promote the use of proteomics and all the advantages it offers in the optimization of processes and the solution of problems.

ACS Style

Rubén Agregán; Noemí Echegaray; María López-Pedrouso; Rana Muhammad Aadil; Christophe Hano; Daniel Franco; José M. Lorenzo. Proteomic Advances in Cereal and Vegetable Crops. Molecules 2021, 26, 4924 .

AMA Style

Rubén Agregán, Noemí Echegaray, María López-Pedrouso, Rana Muhammad Aadil, Christophe Hano, Daniel Franco, José M. Lorenzo. Proteomic Advances in Cereal and Vegetable Crops. Molecules. 2021; 26 (16):4924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rubén Agregán; Noemí Echegaray; María López-Pedrouso; Rana Muhammad Aadil; Christophe Hano; Daniel Franco; José M. Lorenzo. 2021. "Proteomic Advances in Cereal and Vegetable Crops." Molecules 26, no. 16: 4924.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Nutrients
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Flaxseed is an oilseed (45–50% oil on a dry-weight basis) crop. Its oil has demonstrated multiple health benefits and industrial applications. The goal of this research was to evaluate the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of the free polyphenol fraction of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds (PLU), based on their use in traditional medicine. Mice with alloxan-induced diabetes were used to study the antidiabetic activity of PLU in vivo, with an oral administration of 25 and 50 mg/kg over 28 days. Measurements of body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were carried out weekly, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed. Inhibitory activities of PLU on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were evaluated in vitro. The anti-inflammatory was evaluated in vivo in Wistar rats using the paw edema induction Test by carrageenan, and in vitro using the hemolysis ratio test. PLU administration to diabetic mice during the study period improved their body weight and FBG levels remarkably. In vitro inhibitory activity of digestive enzymes indicated that they may be involved in the proposed mode of action of PLU extract. Qualitative results of PLU revealed the presence of 18 polyphenols. These findings support daily consumption of flaxseed for people with diabetes, and suggest that polyphenols in flaxseed may serve as dietary supplements or novel phytomedicines to treat diabetes and its complications.

ACS Style

Hamza Mechchate; Imane Es-Safi; Raffaele Conte; Christophe Hano; Amal Amaghnouje; Fatima Zahra Jawhari; Nabil Radouane; Noureddine Bencheikh; Andriy Grafov; Dalila Bousta. In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Seed Polyphenols. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2759 .

AMA Style

Hamza Mechchate, Imane Es-Safi, Raffaele Conte, Christophe Hano, Amal Amaghnouje, Fatima Zahra Jawhari, Nabil Radouane, Noureddine Bencheikh, Andriy Grafov, Dalila Bousta. In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Seed Polyphenols. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (8):2759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamza Mechchate; Imane Es-Safi; Raffaele Conte; Christophe Hano; Amal Amaghnouje; Fatima Zahra Jawhari; Nabil Radouane; Noureddine Bencheikh; Andriy Grafov; Dalila Bousta. 2021. "In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Seed Polyphenols." Nutrients 13, no. 8: 2759.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in Foods
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Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae), commonly referred to as black seeds or black cumin, is used in popular medicine (herbal) all over the world for the treatment and prevention of several diseases, including diabetes. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of N. sativa extracts and fractions against the activities of intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase in vitro, and to explain the inhibitory effect of these fractions against these enzymes by identifying their active compounds responsible for this effect and determine their modes of inhibition. To do so, N. sativa hexane and acetone extracts were prepared and analyzed by GC–MS and HPLC–DAD, respectively. The hexane extract was further fractioned into eight different fractions, while the acetone extract generated eleven fractions. The extracts as well as the resulting fractions were characterized and evaluated for their potential in vitro antidiabetic activity using intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory assays in vitro. Hexane extract and fractions were less active than acetone extract and fractions. In the case of intestinal α-glucosidase activity, the acetone fraction SA3 had a high inhibitory effect on intestinal α-glucosidase activity with 72.26 ± 1.42%, comparable to the effect of acarbose (70.90 ± 1.12%). For the pancreatic α-amylase enzymatic inhibitory assay, the acetone fractions showed an inhibitory capacity close to that for acarbose. In particular, the SA2 fraction had an inhibitory effect of 67.70 ± 0.58% and was rich in apigenin and gallic acid. From these fractions, apigenin, (−)-catechin, and gallic acid were further characterized for their inhibitory actions. IC50 and inhibition mode were determined by analyzing enzyme kinetic parameters and by molecular modeling. Interestingly, (−)-catechin showed a possible synergistic effect with acarbose toward α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, whereas apigenin showed an additive effect with acarbose toward α-amylase enzymatic inhibition. Furthermore, we studied the toxicity of N. sativa hexane and acetone extracts as well as that of acetone fractions. The result of acute toxicity evaluation demonstrated that N. sativa extracts were nontoxic up to a concentration of 10 g/kg, except for fraction SA3. Taken together, these results indicate that N. sativa extracts and/or derived compounds could constitute promising nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ACS Style

Salima Tiji; Mohamed Bouhrim; Mohamed Addi; Samantha Drouet; Jose Lorenzo; Christophe Hano; Mohamed Bnouham; Mostafa Mimouni. Linking the Phytochemicals and the α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Nigella sativa Seed Extracts. Foods 2021, 10, 1818 .

AMA Style

Salima Tiji, Mohamed Bouhrim, Mohamed Addi, Samantha Drouet, Jose Lorenzo, Christophe Hano, Mohamed Bnouham, Mostafa Mimouni. Linking the Phytochemicals and the α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Nigella sativa Seed Extracts. Foods. 2021; 10 (8):1818.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salima Tiji; Mohamed Bouhrim; Mohamed Addi; Samantha Drouet; Jose Lorenzo; Christophe Hano; Mohamed Bnouham; Mostafa Mimouni. 2021. "Linking the Phytochemicals and the α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Nigella sativa Seed Extracts." Foods 10, no. 8: 1818.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Plants
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Mental disorders are psychological symptoms that impact multiple areas of an individual’s life. Depression and anxiety are chronic illnesses described as the most prevalent stress-related mood disorders that cause injury and early death. In Morocco, Anise “Pimpinella anisum L.” is one of the most traditionally used condiment plants, which has long been used to cure various illnesses and in phytotherapy. The present study was designed to investigate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and memory impact of the total extract of Pimpinella anisum (PATE) at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, using the Forced Swimming Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST), Open Field Test (OFT), and Light–Dark Box Test (LDBT) as an experimental paradigm of anxiety and depression, and Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) and the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT) as memory tests on Swiss albino mice. The tests were carried out on the 1st, 7th, 14th, and the 21st days of the study, and the extract groups were compared with normal controls and positive controls (receiving bromazepam and paroxetine at the doses of 1 mg/kg and 11.5 mg/kg for anxiety and depression, respectively). The daily oral gavage of the mice by the PATE induced a significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effect by shortening immobility time and decreasing downtime in the different tests. PATE at both doses was shown to have no impact on memory following the NORT and MWM tests. Different compounds, such as gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, oleuropein, p-coumaric acid, trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, myricetin, and quercetin, were identified during the phytochemical analysis carried out using HPLC analysis. This research supports and promotes the extract’s traditional use, suggesting its use as a phytomedicine against depression and anxiety, and calls for further research to clarify its mode of action.

ACS Style

Imane Es-Safi; Hamza Mechchate; Amal Amaghnouje; Amine Elbouzidi; Mohamed Bouhrim; Noureddine Bencheikh; Christophe Hano; Dalila Bousta. Assessment of Antidepressant-like, Anxiolytic Effects and Impact on Memory of Pimpinella anisum L. Total Extract on Swiss Albino Mice. Plants 2021, 10, 1573 .

AMA Style

Imane Es-Safi, Hamza Mechchate, Amal Amaghnouje, Amine Elbouzidi, Mohamed Bouhrim, Noureddine Bencheikh, Christophe Hano, Dalila Bousta. Assessment of Antidepressant-like, Anxiolytic Effects and Impact on Memory of Pimpinella anisum L. Total Extract on Swiss Albino Mice. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imane Es-Safi; Hamza Mechchate; Amal Amaghnouje; Amine Elbouzidi; Mohamed Bouhrim; Noureddine Bencheikh; Christophe Hano; Dalila Bousta. 2021. "Assessment of Antidepressant-like, Anxiolytic Effects and Impact on Memory of Pimpinella anisum L. Total Extract on Swiss Albino Mice." Plants 10, no. 8: 1573.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Molecules
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In vitro cultures of scarlet flax (Linum grandiflorum L.), an important ornamental flax, have been established as a new possible valuable resource of lignans and neolignans for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications. The callogenic potential at different concentrations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), alone or in combinations, was evaluated using both L. grandiflorum hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. A higher callus induction frequency was observed on NAA than TDZ, especially for hypocotyl explants, with a maximum frequency (i.e., 95.2%) on 1.0 mg/L of NAA. The presence of NAA (1.0 mg/L) in conjunction with TDZ tended to increase the frequency of callogenesis relative to TDZ alone, but never reached the values observed with NAA alone, thereby indicating the lack of synergy between these two plant growth regulators (PGRs). Similarly, in terms of biomass, NAA was more effective than TDZ, with a maximum accumulation of biomass registered for medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of NAA using hypocotyls as initial explants (DW: 13.1 g). However, for biomass, a synergy between the two PGRs was observed, particularly for cotyledon-derived explants and for the lowest concentrations of TDZ. The influence of these two PGRs on callogenesis and biomass is discussed. The HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of lignans (secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and lariciresinol (LARI) and neolignan (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol [DCA]) naturally accumulated in their glycoside forms. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities performed for both hypocotyl- and cotyledon-derived cultures were also found maximal (DPPH: 89.5%, FRAP 866: µM TEAC, ABTS: 456 µM TEAC) in hypocotyl-derived callus cultures as compared with callus obtained from cotyledon explants. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities revealed high inhibition (COX-1: 47.4% and COX-2: 51.1%) for extract of hypocotyl-derived callus cultures at 2.5 mg/L TDZ. The anti-inflammatory action against COX-1 and COX-2 was supported by the IC50 values. This report provides a viable approach for enhanced biomass accumulation and efficient production of (neo)lignans in L. grandiflorum callus cultures.

ACS Style

Bushra Asad; Taimoor Khan; Faiza Gul; Muhammad Ullah; Samantha Drouet; Sara Mikac; Laurine Garros; Manon Ferrier; Shankhamala Bose; Thibaut Munsch; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Arnaud Lanoue; Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. Scarlet Flax Linum grandiflorum (L.) In Vitro Cultures as a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Lignans. Molecules 2021, 26, 4511 .

AMA Style

Bushra Asad, Taimoor Khan, Faiza Gul, Muhammad Ullah, Samantha Drouet, Sara Mikac, Laurine Garros, Manon Ferrier, Shankhamala Bose, Thibaut Munsch, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Arnaud Lanoue, Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi. Scarlet Flax Linum grandiflorum (L.) In Vitro Cultures as a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Lignans. Molecules. 2021; 26 (15):4511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bushra Asad; Taimoor Khan; Faiza Gul; Muhammad Ullah; Samantha Drouet; Sara Mikac; Laurine Garros; Manon Ferrier; Shankhamala Bose; Thibaut Munsch; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Arnaud Lanoue; Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’H; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. 2021. "Scarlet Flax Linum grandiflorum (L.) In Vitro Cultures as a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Lignans." Molecules 26, no. 15: 4511.

Review
Published: 26 July 2021 in Plants
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Plant secondary metabolites are known to have a variety of biological activities beneficial to human health. They are becoming more popular as a result of their unique features and account for a major portion of the pharmacological industry. However, obtaining secondary metabolites directly from wild plants has substantial drawbacks, such as taking a long time, posing a risk of species extinction owing to over-exploitation, and producing a limited quantity. Thus, there is a paradigm shift towards the employment of plant tissue culture techniques for the production of key secondary metabolites in vitro. Elicitation appears to be a viable method for increasing phytochemical content and improving the quality of medicinal plants and fruits and vegetables. In vitro culture elicitation activates the plant’s defense response and increases the synthesis of secondary metabolites in larger proportions, which are helpful for therapeutic purposes. In this respect, light has emerged as a unique and efficient elicitor for enhancing the in vitro production of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. Various types of light (UV, fluorescent, and LEDs) have been found as elicitors of secondary metabolites, which are described in this review.

ACS Style

Mariam Hashim; Bushra Ahmad; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. Comparative Effects of Different Light Sources on the Production of Key Secondary Metabolites in Plants In Vitro Cultures. Plants 2021, 10, 1521 .

AMA Style

Mariam Hashim, Bushra Ahmad, Samantha Drouet, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi, Sumaira Anjum. Comparative Effects of Different Light Sources on the Production of Key Secondary Metabolites in Plants In Vitro Cultures. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariam Hashim; Bushra Ahmad; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. 2021. "Comparative Effects of Different Light Sources on the Production of Key Secondary Metabolites in Plants In Vitro Cultures." Plants 10, no. 8: 1521.

Review
Published: 21 July 2021 in Pharmaceuticals
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Healthcare, as a basic human right, has often become the focus of the development of innovative technologies. Technological progress has significantly contributed to the provision of high-quality, on-time, acceptable, and affordable healthcare. Advancements in nanoscience have led to the emergence of a new generation of nanostructures. Each of them has a unique set of properties that account for their astonishing applications. Since its inception, nanotechnology has continuously affected healthcare and has exerted a tremendous influence on its transformation, contributing to better outcomes. In the last two decades, the world has seen nanotechnology taking steps towards its omnipresence and the process has been accelerated by extensive research in various healthcare sectors. The inclusion of nanotechnology and its allied nanocarriers/nanosystems in medicine is known as nanomedicine, a field that has brought about numerous benefits in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Various nanosystems have been found to be better candidates for theranostic purposes, in contrast to conventional ones. This review paper will shed light on medically significant nanosystems, as well as their applications and limitations in areas such as gene therapy, targeted drug delivery, and in the treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Although nanotechnology holds immense potential, it is yet to be exploited. More efforts need to be directed to overcome these limitations and make full use of its potential in order to revolutionize the healthcare sector in near future.

ACS Style

Sumaira Anjum; Sara Ishaque; Hijab Fatima; Wajiha Farooq; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Iram Anjum. Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 707 .

AMA Style

Sumaira Anjum, Sara Ishaque, Hijab Fatima, Wajiha Farooq, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi, Iram Anjum. Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14 (8):707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sumaira Anjum; Sara Ishaque; Hijab Fatima; Wajiha Farooq; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Iram Anjum. 2021. "Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 8: 707.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Biomolecules
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Soil salinity is the major limiting factor restricting plant growth and development. Little is known about the comparative and combined effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) seed priming and foliar application on maize under salt stress. The current study determined the impact of different application methods of GA3 on morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of maize seedlings under three salinity stress treatments (no salinity, moderate salinity-6 dS m−1, and severe salinity-12 dS m−1). The GA3 treatments consisted of control, hydro-priming (HP), water foliar spray (WFS), HP + WFS, seed priming with GA3 (GA3P, 100 mg L−1), foliar spray with GA3 (GA3FS, 100ppm) and GA3P + GA3FS. Salt stress particularly at 12 dS m−1 reduced the length of shoots and roots, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents, K+ ion accumulation and activities of antioxidant enzymes, while enhanced the oxidative damage and accumulation of the Na+ ion in maize plants. Nevertheless, the application of GA3 improved maize growth, reduced oxidative stress, and increased the antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidant genes expression, and K+ ion concentration under salt stress. Compared with control, the GA3P + GA3FS recorded the highest increase in roots and shoots length (19–37%), roots fresh and dry weights (31–43%), shoots fresh and dry weights (31–47%), chlorophyll content (21–70%), antioxidant enzymes activities (73.03–150.74%), total soluble protein (13.05%), K+ concentration (13–23%) and antioxidants genes expression levels under different salinity levels. This treatment also reduced the H2O2 content, and Na+ ion concentration. These results indicated that GA3P + GA3FS could be used as an effective tool for improving the maize growth and development, and reducing the oxidative stress in salt-contaminated soils.

ACS Style

Kashif Shahzad; Sadam Hussain; Muhammad Arfan; Saddam Hussain; Ejaz Waraich; Shahid Zamir; Maham Saddique; Abdur Rauf; Khaled Kamal; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Enhances Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Maize through Modulating the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Attributes. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1005 .

AMA Style

Kashif Shahzad, Sadam Hussain, Muhammad Arfan, Saddam Hussain, Ejaz Waraich, Shahid Zamir, Maham Saddique, Abdur Rauf, Khaled Kamal, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Enhances Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Maize through Modulating the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Attributes. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (7):1005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Shahzad; Sadam Hussain; Muhammad Arfan; Saddam Hussain; Ejaz Waraich; Shahid Zamir; Maham Saddique; Abdur Rauf; Khaled Kamal; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Enhances Growth and Salinity Stress Tolerance of Maize through Modulating the Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Attributes." Biomolecules 11, no. 7: 1005.

Review
Published: 06 July 2021 in Journal of Saudi Chemical Society
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Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are an attractive candidate for application in many areas of biotechnology, nanomedicine, and pharmacology, owing to their large surface area and biological properties. Different approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological (plants, bacteria, algae, and fungi) are presently being used for synthesis of PtNPs. However, these conventional methods (physical and chemical) present potential threat to health and environment because of the use of harsh chemicals and hazardous reaction conditions, except biological synthesis means which are substantially considered ecofriendly, economic and non-toxic. PtNPs are extensively studied due to their potent physicochemical and biological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge about the synthesis of PtNPs using physical, chemical, and biological (plants, bacteria, algae, and fungi) approaches and their potential antimicrobial and biomedical applications especially in cancer and photothermal therapy. Interestingly, this review highlights role of PtNPs as nano-diagnostic and nanomedicine. Furthermore, nanotoxicity related to PtNPs, as well as the future prospects and opportunities of PtNPs based nano-therapeutics are also discussed. Overall, the emerging potential biological applications of PtNPs makes it viable to foresee their more promising outcomes in biomedical field in the upcoming future.

ACS Style

Hasnain Jan; Roby Gul; Anisa Andleeb; Sana Ullah; Muzamil Shah; Mehnaz Khanum; Imran Ullah; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. A detailed review on biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), their potential antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2021, 25, 101297 .

AMA Style

Hasnain Jan, Roby Gul, Anisa Andleeb, Sana Ullah, Muzamil Shah, Mehnaz Khanum, Imran Ullah, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. A detailed review on biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), their potential antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 2021; 25 (8):101297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasnain Jan; Roby Gul; Anisa Andleeb; Sana Ullah; Muzamil Shah; Mehnaz Khanum; Imran Ullah; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2021. "A detailed review on biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), their potential antimicrobial and biomedical applications." Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 25, no. 8: 101297.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Plants
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Maize is one of the most economically important cereal crops worldwide. Salinity coupled with waterlogging is a major challenge for successful crop production. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and impacts of individual and combined salinity and waterlogging stress on the morpho-physio-biochemical and molecular responses and oxidative metabolism of maize during stress and recovery periods is essential. The present study was carried out to assess the response of four hybrid maize cultivars viz. DK-6142, FH-1231, FH-949, and MALKA-2016 under individual and combined salinity and waterlogging conditions. The treatments comprised the control (no stress), NaCl (salinity with 10 dSm−1), WL (waterlogged conditions with 3 cm flooding), and NaCl + WL (combined salinity and waterlogging stress). The data regarding morpho-physiological attributes were collected at 22 days after sowing (DAS; stress phase) and 30 DAS (recovery phase). The results revealed that both stresses, either individually or in combination, substantially reduced the root-shoot length, root-shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf width, and the number of leaves per plant as well as the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids contents; however, the inhibitory effects were more severe in combined stresses than for individual stress factors in many cultivars. Both individual and combined stress conditions enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, whereas the antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), remained higher under stress conditions compared to the control. The expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and POD) were also upregulated under stress conditions. All of the cultivars recovered better from individual stresses than combined stress conditions; however, the hybrid DK-6142 performed better than the other maize hybrids under stress conditions and showed faster recovery.

ACS Style

Umer Mahmood; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Shahid Zamir; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase. Plants 2021, 10, 1345 .

AMA Style

Umer Mahmood, Saddam Hussain, Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Umair Ashraf, Shahid Zamir, Sami Al-Robai, Fatima Alzahrani, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umer Mahmood; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Shahid Zamir; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Morpho-Physio-Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Waterlogging during Stress and Recovery Phase." Plants 10, no. 7: 1345.

Review
Published: 24 June 2021 in Foods
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Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic compounds induced by the Maillard reaction in well-done cooked meats. Free amino acids, protein, creatinine, reducing sugars and nucleosides are major precursors involved in the production of polar and non-polar HAAs. The variety and yield of HAAs are linked with various factors such as meat type, heating time and temperature, cooking method and equipment, fresh meat storage time, raw material and additives, precursor’s presence, water activity, and pH level. For the isolation and identification of HAAs, advanced chromatography and spectroscopy techniques have been employed. These potent mutagens are the etiology of several types of human cancers at the ng/g level and are 100- to 2000-fold stronger than that of aflatoxins and benzopyrene, respectively. This review summarizes previous studies on the formation and types of potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic HAAs in cooked meats. Furthermore, occurrence, risk assessment, and factors affecting HAA formation are discussed in detail. Additionally, sample extraction procedure and quantification techniques to determine these compounds are analyzed and described. Finally, an overview is presented on the promising strategy to mitigate the risk of HAAs by natural compounds and the effect of plant extracts containing antioxidants to reduce or inhibit the formation of these carcinogenic substances in cooked meats.

ACS Style

Hafiz Nadeem; Saeed Akhtar; Tariq Ismail; Piero Sestili; Jose Lorenzo; Muhammad Ranjha; Leonie Jooste; Christophe Hano; Rana Aadil. Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Meat: Formation, Isolation, Risk Assessment, and Inhibitory Effect of Plant Extracts. Foods 2021, 10, 1466 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Nadeem, Saeed Akhtar, Tariq Ismail, Piero Sestili, Jose Lorenzo, Muhammad Ranjha, Leonie Jooste, Christophe Hano, Rana Aadil. Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Meat: Formation, Isolation, Risk Assessment, and Inhibitory Effect of Plant Extracts. Foods. 2021; 10 (7):1466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Nadeem; Saeed Akhtar; Tariq Ismail; Piero Sestili; Jose Lorenzo; Muhammad Ranjha; Leonie Jooste; Christophe Hano; Rana Aadil. 2021. "Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Meat: Formation, Isolation, Risk Assessment, and Inhibitory Effect of Plant Extracts." Foods 10, no. 7: 1466.

Review
Published: 15 June 2021 in Coatings
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Improving the amount of acetylcholine in the brain is an efficient way to treat the illness. The global incidence of dementia is estimated to be as high as 50 million, and it is expected to increase every 20 years until 2040, resulting in a costly burden of disease. Early-life risk factors for pathology include genes, chromosomal abnormalities, head injury, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Potentially modifiable risk factors including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and represent promising targets for intervention. The drugs currently being used to manage AD have various drawbacks. The chemical inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes is an effective technique for treating signal related neuropathology, and possible sources of compounds with these properties are natural products and biogenic metal oxide nanoparticles. There is a potential source of AChE and BChE inhibitors in the abundance of plants in nature, and natural goods appear to offer useful medications and templates for the development of other compounds. This dissertation represents a review of the literature on species of medicinal plants and nanomaterial related plants tested for their inhibitory action of AChE and BChE. Plant species and the plant-mediated metal oxide nanoparticles referred to are possible cholinesterase inhibitors and can assist researchers in their study of natural products that may be beneficial in the treatment of AD.

ACS Style

Roby Gul; Hasnain Jan; Gul Lalay; Anisa Andleeb; Hazrat Usman; Rimsha Zainab; Zeeshan Qamar; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. Medicinal Plants and Biogenic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Paradigm Shift to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease. Coatings 2021, 11, 717 .

AMA Style

Roby Gul, Hasnain Jan, Gul Lalay, Anisa Andleeb, Hazrat Usman, Rimsha Zainab, Zeeshan Qamar, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi. Medicinal Plants and Biogenic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Paradigm Shift to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease. Coatings. 2021; 11 (6):717.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roby Gul; Hasnain Jan; Gul Lalay; Anisa Andleeb; Hazrat Usman; Rimsha Zainab; Zeeshan Qamar; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi. 2021. "Medicinal Plants and Biogenic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Paradigm Shift to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease." Coatings 11, no. 6: 717.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2021 in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
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Background Himalayan Columbine (Aquilegia pubiflora Wall. Ex Royle) is a medicinal plant and have been used as traditional treatments for various human diseases including skin burns, jaundice, hepatitis, wound healing, cardiovascular and circulatory diseases. Till now there is no report available on phytochemical investigation of Himalayan Columbine and to the best of our knowledge, through present study we have reported for the first time, the phytochemical analysis and pharmacological potentials of different leaf extracts of Aquilegia pubiflora. Methods Four types of extracts were prepared using solvent of different polarities (Distilled water APDW, Methanol APM, Ethanol APE and Ethyl acetate APEA), and were evaluated to determine the best candidate for potent bioactivity. Phytochemical constituents in prepared extracts were quantified through HPLC analysis. Subsequently, all four types of leaf extracts were then evaluated for their potential bioactivities including antimicrobial, protein kinase inhibition, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-aging and cytotoxic effect. Results HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of dvitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid in varied proportions in all plant extracts. Antimicrobial studies showed that, K. pneumonia was found to be most susceptible to inhibition zones of 11.2 ± 0.47, 13.9 ± 0.33, 12.7 ± 0.41, and 13.5 ± 0.62 measured at 5 mg/mL for APDW, APM, APE and APEA respectively. A. niger was the most susceptible strain in case of APDW with the highest zone of inhibition 14.3 ± 0.32, 13.2 ± 0.41 in case of APM, 13.7 ± 0.39 for APE while 15.4 ± 0.43 zone of inhibition was recorded in case of APEA at 5 mg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity of 92.6 ± 1.8 μgAAE/mg, 89.2 ± 2.4 μgAAE/mg, 277.5 ± 2.9 μM, 289.9 ± 1.74 μM for TAC, TRP, ABTS and FRAP, respectively, was shown by APE. APM, APE and APEA extracts showed a significant % cell inhibition (above 40%) against HepG2 cells. The highest anti-inflammatory of the samples was shown by APE (52.5 ± 1.1) against sPLA2, (41.2 ± 0.8) against 15-LOX, followed by (38.5 ± 1.5) and (32.4 ± 0.8) against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Conclusions Strong antimicrobial, Protein Kinase potency and considerable α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and cytotoxic potential were exhibited by plant samples. Significant anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and kinase inhibitory potential of each plant sample thus aware us for further detailed research to determine novel drugs.

ACS Style

Hasnain Jan; Hazrat Usman; Muzamil Shah; Gouhar Zaman; Sadaf Mushtaq; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Phytochemical analysis and versatile in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibition potential of different extracts of traditionally used Aquilegia pubiflora Wall. Ex Royle. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 2021, 21, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Hasnain Jan, Hazrat Usman, Muzamil Shah, Gouhar Zaman, Sadaf Mushtaq, Samantha Drouet, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Phytochemical analysis and versatile in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibition potential of different extracts of traditionally used Aquilegia pubiflora Wall. Ex Royle. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2021; 21 (1):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasnain Jan; Hazrat Usman; Muzamil Shah; Gouhar Zaman; Sadaf Mushtaq; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2021. "Phytochemical analysis and versatile in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibition potential of different extracts of traditionally used Aquilegia pubiflora Wall. Ex Royle." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 21, no. 1: 1-19.

Review
Published: 05 June 2021 in Cancers
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Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death worldwide. Cancer develops because of mutation in genes that regulate normal cell cycle and cell division, thereby resulting in uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells. Various drugs have been used to treat cancer thus far; however, conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have lower bioavailability, rapid renal clearance, unequal delivery, and severe side effects. In the recent years, nanotechnology has flourished rapidly and has a multitude of applications in the biomedical field. Bio-mediated nanoparticles (NPs) are cost effective, safe, and biocompatible and have got substantial attention from researchers around the globe. Due to their safe profile and fewer side effects, these nanoscale materials offer a promising cure for cancer. Currently, various metallic NPs have been designed to cure or diagnose cancer; among these, silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are the leading anti-cancer NPs. The anticancer potential of these NPs is attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular compartments that eventually leads to activation of autophagic, apoptotic and necrotic death pathways. In this review, we summarized the recent advancements in the biosynthesis of Ag, Au, Zn and Cu NPs with emphasis on their mechanism of action. Moreover, nanotoxicity, as well as the future prospects and opportunities of nano-therapeutics, are also highlighted.

ACS Style

Anisa Andleeb; Aneeta Andleeb; Salman Asghar; Gouhar Zaman; Muhammad Tariq; Azra Mehmood; Muhammad Nadeem; Christophe Hano; Jose Lorenzo; Bilal Abbasi. A Systematic Review of Biosynthesized Metallic Nanoparticles as a Promising Anti-Cancer-Strategy. Cancers 2021, 13, 2818 .

AMA Style

Anisa Andleeb, Aneeta Andleeb, Salman Asghar, Gouhar Zaman, Muhammad Tariq, Azra Mehmood, Muhammad Nadeem, Christophe Hano, Jose Lorenzo, Bilal Abbasi. A Systematic Review of Biosynthesized Metallic Nanoparticles as a Promising Anti-Cancer-Strategy. Cancers. 2021; 13 (11):2818.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anisa Andleeb; Aneeta Andleeb; Salman Asghar; Gouhar Zaman; Muhammad Tariq; Azra Mehmood; Muhammad Nadeem; Christophe Hano; Jose Lorenzo; Bilal Abbasi. 2021. "A Systematic Review of Biosynthesized Metallic Nanoparticles as a Promising Anti-Cancer-Strategy." Cancers 13, no. 11: 2818.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Agronomy
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Salinity and alkalinity stresses are common in arid and semiarid climates. Both these stresses not only retard crop growth but also cause a severe reduction in yields. The present experiment was performed to investigate the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of two maize hybrids (FH-1231 and DK-6714) to salinity and alkalinity stresses. The treatments were comprised of salt stress (NaCl:Na2SO4 at a 9:1 ratio), alkaline stress (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 at a 9:1 ratio), and an unstressed control. The results indicated that salinity and alkalinity significantly reduced shoot fresh weight by 50% and 70%, root fresh weight by 38% and 50%, root dry weight by 69% and 93%, seedling length by 18% and 30%, number of leaves by 27% and 39%, and maximum leaf width by 17% and 24%, respectively, across the two hybrids compared with control, indicating that alkalinity had a greater effect than salinity. Likewise, both the stresses, particularly alkalinity, significantly decreased K+ ion accumulation and chlorophyll content and increased the lipid peroxidation rate, sodium (Na+) concentration, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Salinity and alkalinity stresses also induced the expression levels of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX); however, salinity showed less effect than alkalinity stress. Similarly, hybrid DK-6714 performed comparatively better than FH-1231 with regard to seedling growth, antioxidant activities, and biochemical attributes under stress conditions. Thus, DK-6714 is recommended as a suitable hybrid for soils affected with salt-alkalization.

ACS Style

Arooj Fatima; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Usman Zulfiqar; Zubair Aslam; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1150 .

AMA Style

Arooj Fatima, Saddam Hussain, Sadam Hussain, Basharat Ali, Umair Ashraf, Usman Zulfiqar, Zubair Aslam, Sami Al-Robai, Fatima Alzahrani, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arooj Fatima; Saddam Hussain; Sadam Hussain; Basharat Ali; Umair Ashraf; Usman Zulfiqar; Zubair Aslam; Sami Al-Robai; Fatima Alzahrani; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1150.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Agronomy
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Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

ACS Style

Sadam Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Zubair Aslam; Muhammad Rafiq; Adeel Abbas; Muhammad Saqib; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1151 .

AMA Style

Sadam Hussain, Saddam Hussain, Zubair Aslam, Muhammad Rafiq, Adeel Abbas, Muhammad Saqib, Abdur Rauf, Christophe Hano, Mohamed El-Esawi. Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadam Hussain; Saddam Hussain; Zubair Aslam; Muhammad Rafiq; Adeel Abbas; Muhammad Saqib; Abdur Rauf; Christophe Hano; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2021. "Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1151.