The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in STEM education is becoming increasingly important, as AI has the potential to change teaching and learning methods. However, no review studies focus on summarizing research on the use of AI in STEM education in high schools. For this reason, this study aims to systematically review research on the use of AI in STEM education in high schools. We considered research articles published in journals indexed in the Scopus database. The results show that participants ranged from 1 to 50 and researchers generally used a single-group experimental teaching method. In addition, our results showed that the researchers used a variety of AI technologies in the high school context. In addition, the results showed that many variables were used to promote students in STEM education through AI-based activities. Finally, almost all studies reported positive and significant effects on students’ cognitive or affective development. Overall, our findings from the review emphasize the importance of harnessing the potential of AI. More research is needed to assess learner outcomes and to conduct longitudinal studies with control or comparison groups to evaluate the long-term effects of AI interventions and establish causal relationships.

This study presents the first comprehensive dual-database bibliometric analysis of game-based learning research, investigating its evolution between 2015 and 2024 through analysis of 34,125 documents from Scopus (18,487) and Web of Science (WoS) (15,638) using advanced visualization techniques. The findings reveal consistent field expansion with notable database variations: Scopus demonstrates steady growth while WoS experienced a significant 2020 decline. Citation analysis shows a higher impact on 2015-2018 studies, with Hwang, G. J. as the most influential author and “Computers and Education” as the top journal. Co-keyword analysis reveals distinct conceptual structures—Scopus exhibits two clusters (human-centered studies and game-based learning/serious games) versus three in WoS (education-motivation, health-rehabilitation, technology-design). Thematic analysis demonstrates that game-based learning, serious games, and virtual reality occupy different maturity positions across databases, indicating varied theoretical consolidation. Collaboration networks show US, China, and European dominance, with weaker ties involving developing countries. These findings provide critical insights for educational policymakers and curriculum designers, identifying research clusters to guide targeted funding, collaboration gaps requiring international partnerships, and evidence-based guidance on established versus emerging game-based learning approaches. The dual-database methodology offers comprehensive research landscape mapping that supports strategic decisions in educational technology implementation and research prioritization.

Classrooms, yet evidence on their collective impact remains scattered across single‑tool case studies. This systematic review closes that gap by analyzing nineteen empirical investigations published between 2020 and 2025 that deploy learning‑management systems, mobile applications, extended reality (XR) environments and artificial‑intelligence tutors in K‑12 and tertiary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) settings. Using a mixed method comparative synthesis, the study maps how these tools converge into integrated communication ecosystems and how their orchestration shapes conceptual understanding, collaboration dynamics and equity of access. The findings show that learning‑management platforms and mobile messaging now anchor almost three quarters of deployments, providing a backbone for scheduling, resource distribution and threaded dialogue that bridges classroom and home. When these platforms are paired with short, scaffolded XR sessions and real‑time, artificial intelligence‑driven feedback loops, learners achieve double‑digit gains in spatial reasoning, problem-solving and motivation while low‑performing students close achievement gaps by up to thirty per cent. The review also uncovers persistent barriers: bandwidth constraints, high hardware costs and limited teacher data literacy temper the transformative potential of these tools, particularly in rural and linguistically diverse contexts. By clustering technologies, pedagogical approaches and methodological choices into a single analytic matrix, the review offers the first holistic blueprint for designing inclusive, data‑rich STEM ecosystems. However, methodological heterogeneity, study durations shorter than one school term and convenience sampling from high‑connectivity regions limit generalizability and call for longitudinal, multi‑site designs and living evidence reviews. Overall, the study argues that communication technologies will reach their full promise only when technical ingenuity is matched by pedagogical wisdom and structural commitment.

This article studies different ways of learning. Behavioral, cognitive, constructivist learning, multiple learning styles, e-learning, and brain-based learning are interrelated with each other and teachers should ensure that all students should be involved in all types of learning styles to get learning outcomes. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to implement policies to limit face-to-face meetings with community activities. This makes community activities carried out virtually. It also happens in the education system, teaching and learning activities which are usually carried out in classes face to face, this time has to use the internet as a learning medium. E-learning environments create lessons interactive. Knowledge is integrated from many different sources when students are learning something. The result of this study by analyzed ways of learning is five learning approaches. The stages of learning approaches are student to be active, engaged in the learning process, increase previous knowledge, explore the situation, and be motivated. Nevertheless, the use of the internet for learning or e-learning also cannot be separated from various deficiency and emerging issues within the higher education context.

The environmental literacy (EL) of pre-service teachers is of crucial importance for the development of environmentally responsible individuals and the promotion of EL. However, most of these studies have focused on Western and European contexts and have not yet conducted comparative studies to assess pre-service teachers’ EL, including attitude, behavior, and knowledge. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the EL of pre-service teachers in two countries by comparing and assessing their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The researchers collected data from 282 pre-service teachers. The results show that although the participants’ attitude is generally positive, this positive attitude is not fully reflected in their behaviors. The level of knowledge is relatively low. This shows that although the participants have positive attitudes and behaviors, they lack knowledge. There were significant differences between the countries in the attitudes of female and male students’ knowledge levels. However, it was found that there was no significant effect of grade level and no significant effect of school branch in high school on knowledge, behavior, and attitudes. In light of the results obtained, we made recommendations for future research.