Well-oriented hexagonal WO₃ nanorod arrays (h-WNRs) with an average diameter of 150 ± 50 nm and a length of 2.0–3.0 μm have been successfully realized on a Cu substrate on a large scale via a simple hydrothermal method without organic additives and substrate pre-treatment. The morphology, crystallinity, atomic composition and chemical state of WNRs are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology evolution and growth mechanism of well-aligned WNRs are intensively studied. Moreover, the supercapacitive properties of WNRs with different diameters and aspect ratios are also examined. WNRs exhibit excellent cycling stability and reversibility (97%), a high specific capacitance (463 F g⁻¹) at a current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹, and a lower charge transfer resistance (0.8 Ω).

Well-oriented and crystalline WO₃ nanorod arrays (WNRAs) decorated with Mo were synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by the hydrothermal method. The effects of Mo doping, hydrothermal reaction time, and hydrothermal temperature on the morphologies and electrochromic properties of as-prepared WNRAs were studied thoroughly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and chronoamperometry techniques were used to characterize the structures and properties of obtained WNRAs. The results demonstrate that the average diameter of the as-prepared WNRAs ranged from 30 to 70 nm. During the decoration of Mo on the WNRAs, the growth density of as-prepared WNRAs decreased and the surfaces became rough. However, the decorated Mo on WNRAs synthesized at 180 °C for 5 h with a Mo/W mole ratio of 1:40 exhibited better electrochromic properties than single WNRAs. They exhibited high optical modulation (61.7%), fast bleaching/coloring response times (3 s/9 s), high coloration efficiency values (73.1 cm²/C), and good cycling stability.

Pt as a chemical inert metal has been widely applied as the counter electrode in various electrochemical measurements. However, it can also be dissolved and redeposit to the working electrode under certain electrochemical circumstances. Herein we demonstrated a cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycling method to synthesize a catalyst comprising inserted Pt nanoparticles into MoS₂ nanoflake stack structures on stainless steel mesh (SSM). The binder-free composite structure exhibits significantly enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity with an overpotentials of 87 mV at 10 mA cm⁻². The deposited Pt nanoparticles significantly enhance the catalytic activity through changing the structure of MoS₂ and increasing the amount of active sites. This work provides a new way forward for rational design of the nano-electrocatalysts.

The main objective of the current discussion was to decorate the polypyrrole (PPy) supported with copper (Cu) nanoparticles on alkali anodized steel (AS) electrode for detection of glucose in human saliva and serum samples. Initially the steel was anodized in 10 M NaOH then electrodeposition method was applied for fabrication of CuNPs and PPy at room temperature. First time we prepared this sensor by simple alkaline anodized method. The as prepared electrode was represented as PPy/Cu/AS used as an electrochemical sensor. As usual cyclic voltammetry (CV), EIS, FESEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for the characterization and structure analysis of the prepared modified nano sensor (PPy/Cu/AS). The nano structure of the sensor outcomes reveals that Cu nanoparticles deposited on anodized steel (AS), a bunch of particles, like ball shape with the diameter of around 200-800 nm and further notably not including Fe, Cu, and no other elements were detected on the sensor. The prepared sensor exhibits a linear range of 0.1–10 mM (for saliva 1 mM) glucose with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.45 μM (S=3α/a, α: standard deviation, a: slope) and sensitivity is calculated to be 37.11 μA mM−1 cm−2 using amperometry. Further significantly, the usual interfering agents such as ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), sucrose and fructose were rigorously evaded from the oxidation of glucose. The prepared modified biosensor discloses an enriched electrocatalytic possessions, good stability, good amperometric response, high sensitivity, superb selectivity and sensing regarding the oxidation of glucose. In consequence the modified sensor was good for the imminent growth of non-enzymatic biosensors. The as prepared sensor was successfully employed for detection of glucose (GLC) in human blood serum as well as saliva samples.