Entamoeba spp. são protozoários transmitidos pela ingestão de água e alimentos contaminados por cistos, causando, principalmente, alterações gastrointestinais em humanos e animais. Apenas as espécies Entamoeba coli e Entamoeba histolytica possuem relevância na medicina veterinária. Apesar dos cães portadores não serem capazes de infectar outros animais ou seres humanos, sua importância não deve ser negligenciada, pois sua presença indica precariedade nas condições higiênico-sanitárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o perfil de cães parasitados por Entamoeba spp. residentes no município de Londrina e região, atendidos em hospital veterinário escola, durante os anos de 2020-2022. No total, foram analisados dados de 42 cães, sendo possível observar, após mapeamento dos endereços, uma distribuição homogênea de animais positivos no município. Em relação aos anos, observou-se aumento de 27,7% de casos relatados entre os anos de 2020 e 2021. Foi encontrado maior prevalência em fêmeas com 64,3% (27/42) e adultos, 45,2% (19/42). Vacinação e desverminação não foram realizadas em 66,7% e 47,6% dos animais. Êmese, 71,4% (30/42), apatia, 66,7% (28/42) e hematoquezia, 57,1% (24/42) foram os sinais clínicos mais comuns. Tendo em vista seu reflexo na saúde única é fundamental o controle epidemiológico deste parasita. Dessa forma, é necessária uma participação ativa dos médicos veterinários para conscientização dos tutores sobre a epidemiologia da afecção, pois dessa forma poderemos contribuir para a formação de cidadãos mais conscientes e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos animais. Palavras-chave: Ameba. Diarreia. Parasitos Intestinais. Saúde Única AbstractEntamoeba spp. are protozoa transmitted through the ingestion of water and food contaminated with cysts, mainly causing gastrointestinal disorders in humans and animals. Only Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica species have relevance in veterinary medicine. Although carrier dogs are not capable of infecting other animals or humans, their importance should not be neglected as their presence indicates poor hygienic-sanitary conditions. The aim of this study was to report the profile of dogs parasitized by Entamoeba spp. residing in the municipality of Londrina and surrounding areas, treated at a veterinary teaching hospital during the years 2020-2022. A total of 42 dogs' data were analyzed, and it was possible to observe, after mapping the addresses, a homogeneous distribution of positive animals in the municipality. Regarding the years, an increase of 27.7% in reported cases was observed between 2020 and 2021. Higher prevalence was found in females with 64.3% (27/42) and adults with 45.2% (19/42). Vaccination and deworming were not performed in 66.7% and 47.6% of the animals, respectively. Vomiting, 71.4% (30/42), apathy, 66.7% (28/42), and bloody stools, 57.1% (24/42), were the most common clinical signs. Considering its impact on One Health, it is essential to control the epidemiology of this parasite. Thus, active participation of veterinarians is necessary to raise awareness among pet owners about the epidemiology of the infection, as this can contribute to the formation of more conscientious citizens and improve the quality of life for animals. Keywords: Ameba. Diarrhea. Instestinal Parasites. One health.

The study conducted a review of the parasitological profile of vegetables from 2001 to 2021, considering the type, consumption, and cultivation, globally. The databases searched included MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus using the terms "Detection OR Prevalence OR Incidence OR occurrence OR contamination AND vegetable OR fruit AND Helminth OR egg OR Parasite OR cysts OR protozoa". A total of 16,600 articles were found, 117 of which were reviewed. Of the 391,291 samples, 3.85% (15,095) were contaminated by parasites. Among those positive, 30.10% (4,543/15,095) contained enteroparasites commonly of human origin and 58.78% (8,873/15,095) came from markets. Few articles mentioned the cultivation type, but among those, conventional cultivation showed more contamination (42.34%; 224/529). Herbaceous vegetables were the most contaminated (56.84%; 8,580/15,095. Ascaris lumbricoides was found in 10.16% (1,535/15,095) of the samples. Lettuce was the most contaminated (20.43%; 3,084/15,095).

The use of run-over wild animals is an efficient strategy for scientific research of pathogens. The aim of this study was to detect DNA from phylum Apicomplexa in the brain of road-killed wild animals from the North-Central and North Pioneer mesoregions of Paraná, Brazil. Pre-established transects were run weekly; when found, animals were packed into individual packages and sent for autopsy. The brain fragments were collected and kept at -20 ° C until processing. The DNA extracted from the samples was amplified by nested-PCR for the 18S rDNA gene from the phylum Apicomplexa. All positive samples were submitted to DNA sequencing to define the species. A total of 90 animals were collected, however, only 68 animals (75.6%) that had integrity of the brain were included in the study. It was possible to identify the species by DNA sequencing in four samples: Sarcocystis spp. was identified in one Colaptes melanochloros (Green-barred woodpecker) and one Mazama gouazoubira (Gray brocket). Neospora caninum was observed in a Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot) and T. gondii was present in Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum). The results indicated that parasites with economic and public health relevance were present in wild animals, which may favor infection of humans and animals.

The determination of lactic acid in milk requires an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide with a specific concentration. The most commonly used solutions are Dornic and 0.1 M NaOH. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of two solutions with nominally different concentrations of sodium hydroxide to determine the concentration of lactic acid in bovine milk. The samples used were whole ultrahigh temperature (UHT) milk (n = 21) and semi-skimmed UHT milk (n = 12). Lactic acid determinations were carried out with Dornic and 0.1 M NaOH solutions. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the use of Dornic versus 0.1 M NaOH solutions. Accurate determination of lactic acid is important for assessing milk quality and detecting possible alterations or adulterations. An inappropriate choice of solution can lead to erroneous results, affecting the interpretation of milk quality.

Viscosity is a critical parameter that quantifies the flow rate of a liquid under an applied force, influenced by various factors including chemical composition, temperature, and humidity. This rheological property is particularly significant in the honey industry as it plays a crucial role in the design and optimization of processing equipment. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the viscosity of honey produced by Apis mellifera, sourced from various botanical origins, including organic varieties. The floral sources of the honey samples analyzed comprised eucalyptus (n = 8), wildflower (n = 8), orange blossom (n = 7), and organic production (n = 8). The results revealed that honey derived from orange blossoms exhibited the lowest viscosity, measured at 1,385.07 mm²/s, while organic honey displayed the highest viscosity, recorded at 4,344.78 mm²/s. Furthermore, organic honey demonstrated the highest concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural (33.59 mg/kg) alongside the lowest moisture content (18.20%). These findings suggest that the lower moisture content and varied chemical composition of honey contribute to enhanced crystallization processes, resulting in increased viscosity.

This study aimed to evaluate the colligative property of cryometry and other analytical parameters of various brands of pasteurized whole milk and UHT whole milk sold in São Paulo State, Brazil. Cryometry measures the freezing point depression caused by non-volatile solutes, providing insights into milk quality and potential adulteration. A total of 40 milk samples from four brands (three pasteurized and one UHT) were analyzed using electronic cryoscopy, density, fat content, lactic acid, and total solids measurements. The cryoscopy method demonstrated high linearity (correlation coefficient of 0.9996), with detection and quantification limits of 0.006 and 0.020 °H, respectively. Significant differences were observed in fat content and density among brands, with the pasteurized brand WMC showing the highest lipid content and density. The lactic acid content in brand WMB was notably lower compared to others. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in total solids and non-fat solids, with brand WMC having the highest values. The effectiveness of cryometry in assessing milk quality and detecting potential adulterations contributes to improving food safety standards.