(1) Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a significant clinical challenge, with early detection hindered by the overlap between physiological postoperative inflammation and incipient infection. Continuous wound temperature monitoring offers a promising, non-invasive method to identify subtle thermal deviations that precede overt clinical signs. This review synthesizes current evidence on the utility of temperature monitoring as an early predictor of SSI and evaluates its clinical applications. (2) Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and Embase for English-language studies published between 2015 and 2025. Following PRISMA principles, eligible studies were selected that examined continuous or repeated local wound temperature measurements in adult postoperative patients and their association with a clinical diagnosis of SSI. (3) Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Key findings indicate that infected wounds may paradoxically exhibit lower temperatures “cold spots” than non-infected wounds in the early postoperative period. Dynamic indicators, particularly the temperature difference (ΔT) between the wound and adjacent skin and the temperature trajectory over time, proved more predictive than single, isolated measurements. Confounding factors such as patient adiposity were noted to influence thermal signatures. (4) Conclusions: Wound temperature monitoring is a valuable strategy for the early risk stratification of SSI. The analysis of thermal trends and dynamic parameters holds greater diagnostic significance than single readings. Integration with other biomarkers may further enhance specificity, but the development of standardized measurement protocols is essential for reliable clinical implementation and improved postoperative outcomes.

Controlled local hyperthermia supports postoperative wound healing in liver surgery by stimulating metabolism, angiogenesis, and immune responses through the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and modulation of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). This study evaluates the impact of thermal modulation on immune processes during abdominal wound repair, specifically analyzing the role of HSPs and immune activation pathways. A narrative review of the literature from 2010 to 2025 was conducted to summarize molecular mechanisms regarding temperature, HSP activation, cytokine expression, and DAMPs, excluding studies conducted solely in animal models. The results indicate that precise local hyperthermia in postoperative abdominal wounds activates HSPs as well as inflammasome and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, modulating immune and cytokine responses depending on the type and depth of tissue injury. Consequently, such thermoimmunomodulation stabilizes immune cell functions, optimizes the balance between inflammation and regeneration, and minimizes the risk of postoperative complications to support effective wound healing.

Surgical wound complications, particularly surgical site infection (SSI), remain common despite advances in perioperative care, and modern dressings—including emerging smart systems—are intended to optimize moisture balance, reduce bioburden, and support monitoring of healing. This narrative review, informed by PRISMA 2020, synthesized comparative clinical evidence on postoperative dressings across surgical specialties. PubMed and Embase were searched for peer-reviewed comparative human studies published in 2015–2025 involving adults undergoing surgery with primary closure or secondary intention healing. Outcomes included SSI, time to epithelialization/closure, scar outcomes, pain, peri-wound skin integrity, and dressing change frequency. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria across orthopedics, general and endocrine surgery, otolaryngology, maxillofacial surgery, and surgical oncology. In hip/knee arthroplasty, hydrofiber dressings were associated with lower SSI rates versus standard/absorbent dressings. A meta-analysis suggested that moist and silver-based dressings generally outperformed gauze, with ionic silver ranking highest for healing and metallic silver for SSI prevention, and hydrocolloids reduced dressing change frequency. Oxygen diffusion therapy improved scar outcomes after cervicotomy, and chitosan gel reduced synechiae after endoscopic sinus surgery. Evidence in oncologic surgery was inconclusive, and heterogeneity in interventions, endpoints, and follow-up limited pooling. Overall, advanced postoperative dressings may improve selected outcomes compared with traditional gauze, but effects appear procedure- and context-dependent; future studies should standardize outcomes, extend follow-up, and incorporate cost-effectiveness and patient-reported measures, alongside evaluation of sensor-enabled smart dressings.

Wstęp: Większość dostępnych raportów naukowych na temat etiopatogenezy COVID-19 koncentruje się głównie na populacjach dorosłych z zaawansowanymi stadiami chorób przewlekłych, w tym ciężkimi zaburzeniami układów oddechowego i sercowo-naczyniowego, a także schorzeniami onkologicznymi, w których zaobserwowano korelację z przebiegiem klinicznym choroby. Przebieg kliniczny COVID-19 jest bardzo zmienny, od bezobjawowych lub łagodnych objawów do ciężkiej niewydolności oddechowej i krążeniowej oraz zgonu. Celem badania była ocena, czy powszechne choroby przewlekłe wpływają na nasilenie objawów klinicznych COVID-19.Materiał i metody: Badanie retrospektywne prowadzono w grupie 208 pacjentów w okresie od października 2022 r. do lutego 2023 r. Autorski kwestionariusz zawierał dane dotyczące objawów po COVID-19 i ich nasilenia (łagodne, umiarkowane lub ciężkie), częstości występowania oraz związku z chorobami współistniejącymi. Zastosowano statystyki opisowe, przy istotności statystycznej p < 0,05. Porównania zmiennych dokonano za pomocą testu χ².Wyniki: Spośród pacjentów 50,48% cierpiało na choroby przewlekłe, z czego u 55% wystąpiły łagodne objawy COVID-19, a u 40% umiarkowane. W grupie bez chorób przewlekłych (49,52%) łagodne objawy zaobserwowano u 58%, a umiarkowane u 36%. Nie stwierdzono istotnej korelacji między chorobami przewlekłymi a nasileniem objawów (p = 0,809).Wnioski: Nie stwierdzono istotnej korelacji między powszechnymi chorobami przewlekłymi a nasileniem objawów COVID-19. Rodzaj, nasilenie i czas trwania schorzeń, a także poziom wiremii wpływają na rokowanie. Konieczne są dalsze badania uwzględniające dodatkowe czynniki, takie jak płeć i wiek.

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to map and synthesize the current evidence on hemostasis in chronic and acute liver disease within the framework of Patient Blood Management (PBM). Methods: Because research in this field is heterogeneous—spanning mechanistic studies, observational data, randomized controlled trials, guidelines, and expert reviews—a scoping review was selected to comprehensively map concepts. Findings were synthesized narratively to reflect the breadth and heterogeneity of available research. Results: Hemostasis in liver disease is characterized by a fragile state of rebalanced coagulation, where parallel reductions in pro- and anticoagulant factors coexist with variable fibrinolytic disturbances and thrombocytopenia. Conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) do not accurately reflect bleeding risk, whereas viscoelastic assays and thrombomodulin-modified thrombin generation testing provide a more physiologic assessment, though with limitations. Most bleeding events arise from portal hypertension rather than coagulopathy, and the routine prophylactic correction of abnormal results of CCTs is not supported by evidence. PBM-aligned strategies—such as restrictive transfusion, targeted fibrinogen replacement, and use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs)—reduce unnecessary blood product use. Thrombosis burden is increasingly recognized in this patient population. Anticoagulation is generally safe when individualized to liver function and clinical context, however significant variability persists in clinical practice, and high-quality data remain limited for advanced disease. Conclusions: Hemostasis in liver disease reflects a dynamic and unstable equilibrium rather than a simple bleeding tendency. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies grounded in PBM principles improve safety by avoiding unnecessary transfusion and emphasize individualized care. Despite advances in understanding rebalanced hemostasis, major gaps remain in predicting thrombotic risk, standardizing advanced coagulation testing, and defining optimal management across disease stages.

Introduction: Arterial hypertension remains one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Regular physical activity and lifestyle modification are considered essential components of hypertension management alongside pharmacological treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical activity and cardiac rehabilitation on blood pressure control, health behaviors, and the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment in patients with arterial hypertension. Material and methods: The study included 70 patients with arterial hypertension (59% women, 41% men), divided into two age groups: 45–59 and ≥60 years. Conducted at the Municipal Hospital in Bielsko-Biała between May and November 2023, the study used a 36-question survey assessing physical activity, treatment, and anthropometric data. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: No significant differences were observed in systolic blood pressure reduction between groups (p = 0.666). Significant differences were found for diastolic blood pressure reduction (p = 0.003; η² = 0.22), with the greatest reduction observed in patients aged 45–59 years combining pharmacotherapy with regular physical activity (5.79 ± 3.22 mmHg). Physically active participants also reported healthier lifestyle behaviors and lower pharmacological burden more frequently. Conclusions: Regular physical activity was associated with improved diastolic blood pressure control and healthier lifestyle behaviors in hypertensive patients, particularly among younger individuals combining exercise with pharmacotherapy. Further large prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.