Maternal and child health is a global priority, particularly concerning maternal and child mortality and the protection of socially disadvantaged populations. At the primary health care level, patronage services involve additional active visits based on an individualized plan for children identified as having medical or social risks threatening their life, health, development, or safety. This study explores the organization of patronage control for newborns and young children, based on a universal progressive model aimed at identifying and mitigating risks, as well as reducing the number of mandatory visits for families without identified risks. Purpose. The study explores the features of patronage services for young children in primary health care both in Kazakhstan and internationally. Methods. This review included observational studies, randomized controlled trials, reviews, and articles related to nursing patronage work. A comprehensive search was conducted across state, English, and Russian language databases such as PubMed/ Medline and Google Scholar. Keywords used included patronage, nursing, early childhood, active visitation, and care. The search strategy involved combining terms with logical operators and conducting manual searches for additional references in the reference lists of relevant articles. Results. Out of 112 articles initially identified, 38 were included after abstract and full text evaluation. The review highlights patronage activities provided to young children in Kazakhstan and other countries. Despite some differences in patronage services, commonalities were observed in the areas of service provided. Conclusion. While there are specific features of children’s patronage services in Kazakhstan, patronage nurses play a crucial role in monitoring the children's condition and living environment, conducting necessary examinations, and providing psychological support to both the child and family. Keywords: patronage, visiting nurses, children, active visits, care

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the causes of disability among patients of working age in economically developed countries of the world. According to the WHO, there are currently about 105 million people with glaucoma in the world. The high prevalence, the constant increase in the number of patients, the difficulty of early detection, the complexity of treatment and observation, the high level of disability and the negative impact on the quality of life of patients due to low vision or blindness make glaucoma one of the most important medical and social tasks of modern society and ophthalmological service. The ongoing ophthalmological examinations do not allow assessing the quality of life of glaucoma patients - their ability to visually orient themselves in the environment and perform various types of daily activities related to vision, as well as satisfaction with the quality of vision. The study of the quality of life in patients with glaucoma can provide information on the dynamics of the disease, will allow monitoring the effectiveness and tolerability of the treatment, the development of possible complications. Objective: is to present a review of the literature data on the quality of life of patients with glaucoma. Search strategy: The publications search strategy included the search for literature sources on the research topic indexed in the databases of the electronic library e-Library, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar. To compile the review, publications from 2000 to 2021 were studied), the original language is English and Russian. A total of 153 publications were analyzed, 65 articles of which corresponded to the purpose of the study. Results: According to the results of our study, numerous publications show that in patients diagnosed with glaucoma, the quality of life may deteriorate for many reasons: loss of vision; the complexity of everyday treatment; side effects and cost of treatment; and anxiety, anxiety, and fear associated with a diagnosis of a chronic disease that threatens vision and can compromise the patient's daily activities such as reading, driving, walking, estimating distances, and observing objects approaching from the side. Considering glaucoma as a severe chronic disease leading to an irreversible progressive decrease in visual function and blindness, the importance of the subjective component of the patient's condition based on his survey should be noted. This is due to the fact that vision not only provides orientation in space, but also significantly affects the social and emotional well-being of a person. Therefore, impaired visual function in patients with glaucoma has a negative impact on all indicators of quality of life. Conclusions: Early detection of glaucoma is vital in clinical management to preserve visual function and quality of life. Patients with early glaucoma often go undiagnosed until progression to advanced stages. This review emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis of glaucoma for maintaining the quality of life in patients with the problem under study. Введение: Глаукома является одной из причин инвалидизации среди больных трудоспособного возраста в экономически развитых странах мира. По данным ВОЗ, в настоящее время в мире имеется около 105 млн. лиц, больных глаукомой. Высокая распространенность, постоянный рост числа больных, трудность выявления на ранних стадиях, сложность лечения и наблюдения, высокий уровень инвалидизации и негативного влияния на качество жизни больных из –за слабовидения или слепоты делают глаукому одной из наиболее важных медико–социальных задач современного общества и офтальмологической службы. Проводимые офтальмологические обследования не позволяют оценить качество жизни глаукомных пациентов - их способность к зрительной ориентации в окружающей среде и выполнению различных родов повседневной деятельности, связанных со зрением, а также удовлетворённость качеством зрения. Исследование качества жизни у больных глаукомой может дать информацию о динамике развития заболевания, позволит осуществлять мониторинг эффективности и переносимости проводимого лечения, развития возможных осложнений. Цель работы: является представление обзора литературных данных по качеству жизни больных с глаукомой. Стратегия поиска: Стратегия поиска публикаций включала поиск литературных источников по теме исследования, индексируемых в базах данных электронной библиотеки e-Library, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar. Для составления обзора изучали публикации с 2000 по 2021 годы), оригинальный язык – английский и русский. Всего было проанализировано 153 публикаций, из них цели исследования соответствовали 65...

Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common oncological diseases among women, and its physical, psychoemotional, social, and sexual consequences negatively affect pa-tients’ quality of life (QoL). A decrease in QoL in the post-treatment period may hinder full rehabilitation. Therefore, studying the sociodemographic and clinical factors affecting QoL in women with BC remains relevant. The study aimed to identify the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the quality of life of women after breast cancer treatment. Methods: The study was conducted at the West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University Medical Center. Participants completed the EORTC QLQ-BR23 standardized questionnaire. A total of 103 women took part in the study. In addition to the questionnaire, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results: Single women (p=0.022) and those who detected the disease independently (p=0.030) reported significantly lower QoL. Employed women (p=0.040) and those who underwent breast-conserving extended sectoral resection (BCESR) (p=0.013) rated their body image and confidence in the future higher (p=0.041). Unemployed and moderately educated women had signifi-cantly lower scores in sexual function and future outlook (p<0.05). Pensioners more frequently experienced arm symptoms (p=0.003), while increased hair loss was noted after BCESR (p=0.030). Conclusion: The findings reveal that multiple factors influence the QoL of women with BC. Socioeconomic status, type of surgery, and psycho-emotional support are key determinants of QoL. These results may provide a scientific basis for enhancing rehabilitation programs.

Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Patient satisfaction represents an essential indicator of quality of care, particularly within primary healthcare settings responsible for screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of GDM. The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 (PSQ-18) is widely used internationally; however, no validated Kazakh or Russian versions tailored for pregnant women with GDM previously existed. Aim: To adapt and validate the PSQ-18 for use among pregnant women with GDM in Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Forward–backward translation, expert review, and cultural adaptation processes were performed for Kazakh and Russian versions. The questionnaire was pilot-tested among 100 pregnant women with GDM (50 for each language version) in outpatient clinics in Aktobe. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results:Minor linguistic and conceptual adjustments were introduced to improve clarity and cultural relevance. Cronbach’s alpha demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for both versions: 0.821 (Russian) and 0.758 (Kazakh). Pilot results confirmed comprehensibility and usability of the adapted tool in routine antenatal care settings. Conclusion: The Kazakh and Russian versions of the PSQ-18 are reliable and culturally appropriate instruments for evaluating patient satisfaction among pregnant women with GDM in Kazakhstan's outpatient settings. Their use may support quality improvement and patient-centered care initiatives in primary healthcare. Актуальность: Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) является актуальной проблемой общественного здравоохранения и связан с неблагоприятными материнскими и перинатальными исходами. Удовлетворённость пациентов является важным индикатором качества медицинской помощи, особенно на уровне первичной медико-санитарной помощи, где осуществляются скрининг, диагностика и наблюдение беременных с ГСД. Опросник удовлетворённости пациентов PSQ-18 широко используется в международных исследованиях, однако до настоящего времени не существовало валидированных казахской и русской версий для беременных с ГСД. Цель: Адаптировать и валидировать опросник PSQ-18 для беременных женщин с ГСД в Казахстане. Методы: Проведено поперечное исследование. Выполнены прямой и обратный перевод, экспертная оценка и культурная адаптация казахской и русской версий опросника. Пилотирование проведено среди 100 беременных женщин с ГСД (50 — русская версия, 50 — казахская) в амбулаторных организациях здравоохранения г. Актобе. Внутренняя согласованность оценивалась с использованием коэффициента альфа Кронбаха. Результаты: В анкету внесены незначительные лингвистические и концептуальные корректировки для повышения ясности и культурной релевантности. Значения альфа Кронбаха составили 0,821 для русской версии и 0,758 для казахской, что свидетельствует о приемлемой внутренней согласованности. Пилотирование подтвердило понятность и применимость инструмента в условиях амбулаторной акушерской помощи. Заключение: Казахская и русская версии PSQ-18 являются надёжными и культурно адаптированными инструментами для оценки удовлетворённости медицинской помощью среди беременных женщин с ГСД в амбулаторных условиях Казахстана. Использование данного инструмента позволит поддержать процессы улучшения качества и пациент-ориентированности на уровне ПМСП. Өзектілігі: Гестациялық қант диабеті (ГҚД) – ана мен нәресте денсаулығына кері әсер ететін өзекті қоғамдық денсаулық сақтау мәселесі. Пациенттердің қанағаттануы медициналық көмектің сапасының маңызды көрсеткіші болып табылады, әсіресе ГҚД бар жүкті әйелдерді скринингтеу, диагностикалау және бақылауды жүзеге асыратын алғашқы медициналық-санитариялық көмек (АМСК) деңгейінде. PSQ-18 науқастардың қанағаттануын бағалау сауалнамасы халықаралық зерттеулерде кеңінен қолданылады, алайда осы уақытқа дейін ГҚД бар жүкті әйелдер үшін бейімделген...

Walking recovery is a central goal of geriatric rehabilitation, but it is shaped by multiple interacting factors rather than by muscle impairment alone. This mini-review examines whether sarcopenia-related weakness, low muscle quality, and reduced physical reserve identify a clinically important vulnerability phenotype relevant to delayed gait recovery in older adults after hospitalization, hip fracture, surgery, or cardiac procedures. We summarize current consensus definitions of sarcopenia, explain why muscle strength and physical performance are often more clinically informative than muscle mass alone, and review the mechanistic pathways that may connect sarcopenia with impaired walking, including anabolic resistance, inflammation, disuse, neuromuscular remodeling, trunk weakness, and cognitive–emotional modifiers. Across community, orthogeriatric, post-acute, and cardiac rehabilitation settings, sarcopenia markers are generally associated with slower gait or poorer attained mobility; however, findings for change in mobility are inconsistent, and most available studies are observational, heterogeneous, or indirect. Sarcopenia should therefore be interpreted as one potential marker of reduced reserve and mobility risk rather than as a determinant of walking recovery or evidence that sarcopenia-aware rehabilitation improves outcomes. Future work should use more consistent diagnostic frameworks and test whether a sarcopenia-aware rehabilitation integrating early strength assessment, individualized nutrition care, and multicomponent gait rehabilitation improve walking outcomes in medically complex older adults beyond current standards of care.

This study delves into the evolution of advanced nursing practice worldwide. Investigating advanced nursing practice across different countries is a pertinent topic in healthcare research. Advanced practice nursing embodies a healthcare paradigm wherein nurses undertake a broader scope of medical procedures and responsibilities traditionally performed by physicians. The article examines the fundamental roles and responsibilities of advanced practice nurses, delineating their significance in the healthcare continuum, advancements within the profession, emerging nursing roles, and shifts in healthcare dynamics. It analyzes successful models and innovations implemented in various countries to enhance patient care quality and the professional impact of nursing. Additionally, it scrutinizes the historical development and progression of the field, core principles and values underpinning advanced nursing practice, and its profound influence on patient health and well-being. Research in this domain facilitates the identification of divergent approaches to advanced nursing practice worldwide and enables the assessment of the efficacy of specific healthcare models. Moreover, global research on advanced nursing practice may furnish recommendations for enhancing nursing education and training, as well as bolstering the recognition and impact of the profession. The article furnishes contemporary insights into the educational prerequisites for advanced practice nurses, alongside exemplars of successful practices across different nations. By scrutinizing international experiences, optimal practices can be discerned and localized to ameliorate healthcare quality at the grassroots level. In essence, delving into this subject holds paramount importance for healthcare system development and augmenting the accessibility of quality medical services to the populace. Keywords: nurse, advanced practice nurse, general practitioner, primary care