The implementation of ultra-low emission standards in the steel industry imposes higher demands on flue gas purification. Carbon-based materials, leveraging their porous structure and surface activity, demonstrate high adsorption potential for treating heavy metal ions, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, and volatile organic pollutants. However, their application is constrained by a limited selective adsorption capacity. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which carbon-based materials treat water, air, and soil pollutants; investigates their physical and chemical degradation patterns; and summarizes practical physicochemical modification pathways. Research indicates that modification techniques can effectively overcome performance limitations of carbon-based materials, enhance pollutant adsorption efficiency, and provide new insights for the engineering application of multi-media pollution synergistic control and environmental remediation technologies.

Silicon–ferrite from calcium and aluminum (SFCA) is one of the primary binding phases in sinter. To better investigate the reduction process of SFCA under hydrogen-rich conditions in a blast furnace, isothermal reduction experiments were designed using three different hydrogen volume fractions (6%, 10%, and 14%) at temperatures within the blast furnace’s lump zone range (1073 K, 1173 K, and 1273 K). The experimental results revealed that the reduction of SFCA proceeds in two stages: in the first stage, SFCA is initially reduced to Fe₃O₄; in the second stage, Fe₃O₄ is further reduced to FeO, with the equilibrium phases being FeO, Ca₂Al₂SiO₇, and Ca₂SiO₄. The fastest reduction rate was observed at 1273 K. When the hydrogen volume fraction was 6% and the temperatures were 1073 K, 1173 K, and 1273 K, the reaction mechanism followed the 3D diffusion model (G-B), with an apparent activation energy of 32.087 kJ·${\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}$ and a pre-exponential factor of 0.1419. In comparison, at hydrogen volume fractions of 10% and 14%, the reaction mechanism shifted to the Shrinking core model (n = 3). The findings of this study can provide guidance for actual production and optimization of blast furnace parameters aimed at achieving low-carbon emissions in the steel-making process.