The creation of accurate three-dimensional models has been radically simplified in recent years by developing photogrammetric methods. However, the photogrammetric procedure requires complex data processing and does not provide an immediate 3D model, so its use during field (in situ) surveys is infeasible. This paper presents the mapping of fragments of built structures at different scales (finest detail, garden sculpture, architectural interior, building facade) by using a LiDAR sensor from the Apple iPad Pro mobile device. The resulting iPad LiDAR and photogrammetric models were compared with reference models derived from laser scanning and point measurements. For small objects with complex geometries acquired by iPad LiDAR, up to 50% of points were unaligned with the reference models, which is much more than for photogrammetric models. This was primarily due to much less frequent sampling and, consequently, a sparser grid. This simplification of object surfaces is highly beneficial in the case of walls and building facades as it smooths out their surfaces. The application potential of the IPad LiDAR Pro is severely constrained by its range cap being 5 m, which greatly limits the size of objects that can be recorded, and excludes most buildings.

Coordinate Measuring Arms are redundant measuring devices that are widely used today. Therefore, this paper presents a solution of the problem of online estimation of accuracy of measurements done on coordinate measuring arms. This paper shows the metrological model called Virtual Coordinate Measuring Arm. It is composed of a kinematic model of arm, created using the Denavit–Hartenberg convention connected with PC-DMIS measuring software and usage of Monte Carlo method. Verification tests done according to VDI/VDE 2617–7 guideline show that the created model is working properly. Also the comparison of results of measurements done on real Coordinate Measuring Arm and simulated by the created model proves correctness of the model. The metrological model of Virtual Coordinate Measuring Arm can be a breakthrough in the use of the coordinate measuring arms in quality assurance systems in production.

The following article examines the methodology of identifying and modeling kinematic errors of coordinate measuring machines with the use of a modern and precise interferometric system—the LaserTracer. Since the kinematic errors of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are by far the most prevalent factor in measurement uncertainty, a specially developed model could be used for efficient uncertainty evaluation as an additional module of the virtual measuring machine responsible for simulation of the CMM kinematic errors. The model could also be of use for determining optimal measurement strategy, and would potentially improve the uncertainty of measurements performed.