Background: Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is an early-stage cancerous lesion found in the fallopian tubes, often at the fimbrial end. It is strongly associated with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), a highly aggressive type of ovarian cancer. STIC is considered a precursor to many HGSC cases, originating in the fallopian tubes. Its development is frequently linked to mutations in the TP53 gene, leading to the formation of a p53 signature, an early abnormality that may progress to HGSC. This signature is more common in BRCA mutation carriers, explaining the higher incidence of STIC in this group. The aim of this review is to evaluate the literature on the incidence of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma in patients (both BRCA-positive and BRCA-negative) undergoing preventive salpingo-oophorectomy, analysing the available data and identifying associations between specific characteristics and the onset of STIC. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature from 2016 to 2023 was conducted using PubMed, focusing on studies analysing the incidence of STIC in BRCA-positive patients undergoing preventive salpingo-oophorectomy. Data on patient characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and incidence of STIC were extracted and analysed. Results: Nine international studies were included in the review, reporting varying incidences of STIC among patients undergoing salpingo-oophorectomy. The overall incidence of STIC in all the women included in the studies was 7.31%, while that in the BRCA-mutated women was approximately 6.08%. Notably, the presence of the TP53 signature was significantly associated with the occurrence of STIC. Conclusions: The etiopathogenesis of STIC involves complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and molecular factors. Further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and identify additional risk factors beyond BRCA mutations. Establishing a national database of STIC cases could facilitate future research and improve patient outcomes.

Introduction: Transobturator midurethral slings (MUSs) are commonly used to treat female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Despite their high success rates, postoperative complications such as voiding dysfunction (VD) and de novo overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms may affect quality of life (QoL). This study aims to evaluate patient-reported outcomes regarding bladder dysfunction (VD and OAB) and SUI resolution. Methods: Patients undergoing transvaginal tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) for SUI without detrusor overactivity were enrolled from April 2018 to April 2023. Final 12-month follow-up was completed in April 2024. Follow-up at 6 and 12 months included physical examination, stress tests, and a 3-day voiding diary. The Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) questionnaire was administered at 12 months. A VAS score evaluated the subjective bother of voiding dysfunction. Objective cure was defined as a negative stress test at follow-up. Changes in daily leakage episodes were assessed using the 3-day voiding diary. Results: Ninety-two patients were enrolled, of whom eight-nine completed the 6- and 12-month follow-up and were included in the final analysis. The objective cure rate was, respectively, 93% at 6 months and 89% at 12 months. The USP questionnaire administered at 12 months showed that the SUI domain score was 0 in 80.9% of patients. De novo urgency was reported in 44% of patients. Urge incontinence and nocturia occurred, respectively, in 33% and 8% of patients. Patient-reported voiding symptoms, defined as LS $\ge 1$, were observed in 58.4% of patients. Among patients with LS $\ge 1$, 38/52 (73.1%) reported tolerable bother (VAS < 5), whereas 14/52 (26.9%) reported clinically important or intolerable bother (VAS $\ge 5$). Conclusions: TVT-O was associated with a high objective cure rate; however, patient-reported OAB and voiding symptoms were common at 12 months. These findings support a more comprehensive informed consent process for patients undergoing TVT-O surgery in order to increase patient awareness of the potential development of OAB and VD following the surgical procedure.

Background: Hysterectomy is the most frequently performed non-obstetric gynecological surgery for benign disease, and the surgical route affects perioperative outcomes and recovery. While minimally invasive approaches reduce surgical morbidity, their relative effect on the systemic inflammatory response remains incompletely characterized, particularly when indication and case complexity are accounted for. We compared tissue trauma, operative data, and early postoperative outcomes after uncomplicated vaginal hysterectomy (VH), laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), and abdominal hysterectomy (AH). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed women aged 25–80 years who underwent total hysterectomy for benign indications at our institution (2021–2024). Patients with malignant disease, chronic inflammatory conditions, prophylactic drains, or complicated postoperative courses were excluded. Primary endpoints were postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (Neu) count trajectories over the first three postoperative days; secondary endpoints were hemoglobin drop, operative time, blood loss, bowel function recovery, and length of stay. Multivariable models adjusted for age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, surgical indication, and previous abdominal surgery, with uterine weight assessed in a sensitivity analysis; trajectories were modelled with linear mixed-effects models, and the route effect was examined within a single-indication (fibromatosis) subgroup. Results: We included 281 patients (84 VH, 86 LH, 111 AH). AH and LH required longer operative times than VH, and AH was additionally associated with higher blood loss, delayed gastrointestinal recovery, and longer hospitalization. In unadjusted analyses AH showed the highest CRP at all three days and higher WBC and neutrophil counts on Days 1 and 2; the haematological differences were attenuated after adjustment, whereas the CRP elevation persisted. Because route, indication, and uterine size were strongly collinear, the route effect was examined within the fibromatosis subgroup, where AH remained independently associated with higher CRP than LH across all postoperative days. Conclusions: After uncomplicated hysterectomy for benign disease, surgical route was independently associated with the postoperative systemic inflammatory response. AH carried a greater inflammatory burden and slower functional recovery, whereas VH and LH were broadly comparable; compared with LH, VH showed faster recovery and certain perioperative advantages. Minimally invasive techniques should be prioritized when clinically feasible.