This study successfully developed a positively charged silver nanocomplex as a nanocarrier for chlorhexidine (CHX) using ionic liquids. This nanocomplex can interestingly deliver the antibacterial agent with a synergistic effect. In this study, we synthetized and characterized a positively charged silver nanocomplex (AgNPs⁺) and CHX‐loaded positively charged silver nanoparticles (CHX@AgNPs⁺) using UV‐visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Zetasizer. Then, the loading efficiency and release profile of XHX from nanocomplex were evaluated. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by employing two standard microdilution tests to obtain the minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations. The average sizes of 27.43 nm and 29.66 nm were obtained for AgNPs⁺ and CHX@AgNPs⁺, respectively. The CHX@AgNPs⁺ showed a constant release of CHX, making them a more effective antibacterial agent against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) than CHX or AgNPs⁺ alone. Antibacterial assays showed that CHX@AgNPs⁺ significantly reduced the viability of the bacterial strain compared to CHX as the standard irrigant. AgNPs⁺ had an antibacterial effect similar to CHX only at intermediate concentrations (12 and 25 μg/mL), and their effects were significantly less than those of CHX at other concentrations (3, 6, 50, and 100 μg/mL). The effects of CHX@AgNPs⁺ were statistically greater than those of AgNPs⁺ at all concentrations tested. The MIC values of CHX@AgNPs⁺ and CHX were 50 and 100 μg/mL. However, AgNPs⁺ were not showed MIC value at tested concentrations. Therefore, the designed nanocomplex can be regarded as a potential root canal disinfectant with clinical applications for bacterial infections.

Nanomaterials and regeneration-inducing microenvironments are key components of innovative regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). This study aimed to assess the odontogenic potential of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor (GM-CSF) loaded chitosan nanogels (CNgs) on dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) culture. GM-CSF/CNgs were prepared through the ionic gelation method and then characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential devices. Acridine orange (AO) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were used to evaluate cellular morphology and viability. The odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation was determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical characterization confirmed that the GM-CSF/CNgs were prepared. The loading efficiency was 82.9 ± 2. Significant biocompatibility and no apparent nuclear fragmentation upon exposure to GM-CSF/CNgs and CNgs were observed. Quantifying the expression of dental pulp regeneration associated with genes including osteocalcin gene (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) between GM-CSF/CNgs and control groups was significant (p < 0.001). Morphology of DPSCs in contact with GM-CSF/CsNgs demonstrated odontogenic differentiation. GM-CSF/CNgs promoted a bioinspired drug delivery system (DDS) and induced dental pulp regeneration of DPSCs.

Background and Aim: Despite the advantages and conveniences that NiTi files offer, their main drawback is their catastrophic fracture due to cyclic and torsional fatigue leading to instrument separation. This study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of two single file engine-driven instruments, HyFlex EDM and NeoNiTi A1, in ...

The maintenance of viable periodontal ligament cells is the most important issue in the long-term preservation of avulsed teeth. The aim of this study was to assess aloe vera as a new storage media in maintaining the cell viability of dry-stored teeth in comparison with soy milk, Hank`s balanced salt solution (HBSS), and milk. Twenty one extracted dog premolar teeth were dried for 30 minutes and stored in soy milk, HBSS, milk, and aloe vera extract (50%) for 45 minutes (n=6 for each). Furthermore, positive and two negative control groups (n=6), corresponding to 0 min, 30 min, and 2-hour drying times were also prepared respectively. The number of viable cells was counted following storage using Trypan blue exclusion. Data were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey-HSD test. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in cell viability among aloe vera, soymilk, and HBSS- stored teeth; however, they were all superior to milk. Aloe vera extract can be recommended as a suitable storage media for avulsed teeth.

Developmental anomalies such as dilacerations can affect the eruption pattern of permanent anterior teeth. They are characterized by a curvature in the crown and roots of the teeth relative to their normal axis. This anomaly can cause some complexities in routine dental treatments such as root canal treatment, orthodontics, and surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dilaceration in maxillary and mandibular anterior and canine teeth in Shiraz, Iran using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In this retrospective study, a total of 1537 encompassed 400 CBCT images collected from 4 private radiology clinics in Shiraz were assessed. Each tooth was radiographically examined in order to diagnose root dilacerations considering their location (apical, middle, coronal), position in the jaw (maxillary or mandibular), direction (mesial, distal buccal and palatal/lingual), and severity of dilaceration (mild, moderate, and severe). The obtained data were analyzed by Chi-square statistical test and Fisher's exact test. In this study, out of 1537 studied teeth, 5.98% had dilaceration. The maxillary and mandibular canine teeth (9.8% and 9.7%, respectively) were significantly the most common teeth involved in this anomaly (p< 0.001). The distal direction with mild severity in the apical third of the root was also the most common result obtained from this study (p<0.001). In addition, there was no statistically significant relationship between gender and type of jaw regarding the prevalence of dilaceration in the studied dental groups (p=0.670 and p=0.231, respectively). In the current research, it was demonstrated through CBCT records that the prevalence of dilaceration in maxillary and mandibular anterior and canine teeth is relatively uncommon. The most prevalent dilaceration was found to be distal direction with mild severity in the apical third of the root.

Tooth discoloration caused by intracanal medicaments and irrigants presents a significant aesthetic challenge in dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the discoloration effects on tooth of nanographene oxide and positively charged silver nanoparticles and compares them with other commonly used materials in endodontic treatment. A total of 108 single-rooted, single-canal anterior mandibular and maxillary premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons, were selected and prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into seven experimental groups and two control groups, each containing 12 samples. The experimental groups included three irrigants: nanographene oxide, sodium hypochlorite, and positively charged silver nanoparticles. The four medicament groups were nanographene oxide-carboxymethyl cellulose, positively charged silver nanoparticles-carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium hydroxide, and carboxymethyl cellulose. The control groups consisted of normal saline and blood. Discoloration was assessed at five time points: before material placement (T0), immediately after placement (T1), one week later (T2), one month later (T3), and three months later (T4). Spectrophotometric analysis was used to measure discoloration, and the ∆E values were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests. After three months, no statistically significant difference in discoloration was observed among the irrigants (P > 0.05). However, the highest degree of discoloration was found in the silver nanoparticles group. Significant differences in ∆E values were noted between the normal saline group and both the silver nanoparticles (P = 0.001) and blood (P = 0.007) groups. Among the intracanal medicaments, a significant difference in ∆E values was observed between the carboxymethyl cellulose and calcium hydroxide groups (P = 0.005) at the final three-month examination. No significant differences were found among the other groups (P > 0.05). Nanographene oxide, used as both an irrigant and medicament, does not cause more discoloration than other commonly used materials in endodontic treatment. Therefore, it can be considered a viable alternative to traditional endodontic materials.