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To improve grain production capacity, many areas in the world are shifting from rainfed agriculture to irrigated agriculture. One example of such land consolidation is dryland-to-paddy conversion. The conversion of land use pattern largely affects the stability of farmland soil, especially the soil carbon cycle. However, the mutual feedback mechanisms between carbon flux variation and environmental factors during the farmland consolidation process are still poorly known. Located in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain China, Xuzhou is a typical area where dryland-to-paddy conversion are most widely distributed. Therefore, in this study, we have carried out dryland-to-paddy conversion by setting up two isolated rectangular fields one group planting corn in dryland (DL) and another group planting in paddy field (PF) in Xuzhou. Here, we determined the effect of dryland-to-paddy consolidation on soil CO2 flux in two isolated rectangular fields - the dryland (DL) cultivated with corn and the paddy field (PF) cultivated with rice. Our results showed that the soil carbon flux and temperature followed similar unimodal curves with greater soil CO2 flux of in PF than in DL. Surprisingly, the land conversion significantly reduced soil microbial biomass carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon by 28.55% and 29.09%, respectively. The structural equation modeling results demonstrated that the changes in soil environmental factors, including temperature, and fungal OTU numbers, were the primary drivers for the soil CO2 flux and soil carbon pool (P < 0.05). Overall, this study improves the understanding of the ecological impact of dryland-to-paddy conversion, providing insights into low-carbon agriculture and climate mitigation.
Xiaoxiao Li; Nan Hui; Yongjun Yang; Jing Ma; Zhanbin Luo; Fu Chen. Short-term effects of land consolidation of dryland-to-paddy conversion on soil CO2 flux. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 292, 112691 .
AMA StyleXiaoxiao Li, Nan Hui, Yongjun Yang, Jing Ma, Zhanbin Luo, Fu Chen. Short-term effects of land consolidation of dryland-to-paddy conversion on soil CO2 flux. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 292 ():112691.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxiao Li; Nan Hui; Yongjun Yang; Jing Ma; Zhanbin Luo; Fu Chen. 2021. "Short-term effects of land consolidation of dryland-to-paddy conversion on soil CO2 flux." Journal of Environmental Management 292, no. : 112691.
A large number of subsided wetlands have formed in eastern China in areas with high-intensity mining. However, data are not currently available to indicate their spatial distribution and expansion in the past thirty years. This paper uses a modified normalized difference water index (mNDWI) and a maximum between-cluster variance (OTSU) image segmentation algorithm to extract the subsided wetlands in mining areas with high ground-water levels of eastern China from 1988 to 2018 based on Google Earth Engine. The results show that the overall accuracy of the extraction of subsided wetlands is 98%; the Kappa coefficient reached 0.81. The total area of subsided wetland in 2018 was 26,034.88 ha, of which 14,290.97 ha was in Anhui Province, accounting for 54.89% of all such wetlands. The spatial extent of subsided wetlands has grown rapidly in the past three decades with the area of subsided wetlands expanding by 11.86 times from 1988 to 2018. The total area of subsided wetlands in the winter of 2018 was 25,296.25 ha, which was smaller than in summer. This indicates that seasonal precipitation affects the spatial extent of subsided wetlands. Although some restoration activities have been successful, most of the subsided wetlands still need active development and management. In conclusion, mNDWI and OTSU image segmentation algorithms could quickly and accurately allow the extraction of the spatial extent of subsided wetlands. Subsided wetlands have strong potential for development in future ecological restoration. The ecosystem services of wetlands and availability of dynamic monitoring technology should be considered important in the future.
Yongjun Yang; Yiyan Zhang; Xuewu Su; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang. The spatial distribution and expansion of subsided wetlands induced by underground coal mining in eastern China. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -14.
AMA StyleYongjun Yang, Yiyan Zhang, Xuewu Su, Huping Hou, Shaoliang Zhang. The spatial distribution and expansion of subsided wetlands induced by underground coal mining in eastern China. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (3):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongjun Yang; Yiyan Zhang; Xuewu Su; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang. 2021. "The spatial distribution and expansion of subsided wetlands induced by underground coal mining in eastern China." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 3: 1-14.
Population growth and rapid economic development have led to serious and widespread negative ecological impacts, so the world is faced with the task of ecological recovery. China, in particular, is carrying out a nationwide land improvement and ecological restoration campaign. The spatial distribution of ecological resilience needs to be fully considered in the planning of these projects. However, most current ecological assessments lack a focus on resilience. Based on selected resilience principles, this paper constructs an assessment indicator system for national-scale ecological resilience, evaluates the level of ecological resilience of 1,434 ecological function areas in China and discusses the layout of ecological restoration projects throughout the country. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In China, the level of ecological resilience varies widely based on location. Generally, it shows high levels of ecological resilience occur in the south and low in the north. The resilience index ranged from 0 to 0.585. The natural condition index is the most important indicator affecting resilience. (2) China's existing ecological restoration projects are mostly distributed in areas with low levels of resilience. Restorative ecological engineering is not directly related to the distribution of resilience but is affected by the level of resilience. (3) The levels of China's resilience has a negative relationship with ecological sensitivity and ecological vulnerability level. Constructing a national-scale resilience assessment index system based on resilience criteria can effectively reveal the overall pattern of national-scale resilience. This study can provide reference for the ecological restoration planning, assessment, and adaptive management on a national level.
Yiyan Zhang; Yongjun Yang; Zanxu Chen; Shaoliang Zhang. Multi-criteria assessment of the resilience of ecological function areas in China with a focus on ecological restoration. Ecological Indicators 2020, 119, 106862 .
AMA StyleYiyan Zhang, Yongjun Yang, Zanxu Chen, Shaoliang Zhang. Multi-criteria assessment of the resilience of ecological function areas in China with a focus on ecological restoration. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 119 ():106862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYiyan Zhang; Yongjun Yang; Zanxu Chen; Shaoliang Zhang. 2020. "Multi-criteria assessment of the resilience of ecological function areas in China with a focus on ecological restoration." Ecological Indicators 119, no. : 106862.
Underground mining often causes large‐scale subsidence, leading to various types of disturbances to surface vegetation. A quantitative assessment of the long‐term effects of underground mining on the growth of different plant communities is important and still lacking. To address these issues, a Vegetation Growth Contract Model (VGCM) was proposed, and six indicators including the growth trend (GT), annual growth (AG), normalized spectrum entropy (Hsn), as well as the average value of annual‐average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; ANDVIave), annual‐maximum NDVI (ANDVImax), and annual‐minimum NDVI (ANDVImin) were selected. The long‐term effects of underground mining (EM) on the herb, shrub, and tree communities in the Nanjiao mining area, China, from 1987 to 2017 were evaluated. The results show that the plant communities which maintained the same type in the areas influenced and not influenced by mining, accounting for 48.07% and 46% of the total area, respectively. As for these plant communities, underground mining had a significant negative effect on the AG, ANDVIave, and ANDVImax of both the herb and tree communities, while it had a positive effect on the GT and Hsn of the shrub community. Overall, underground mining had a negative effect on these three types of plant communities, and the EMs of the herb, tree, and shrub communities were ‐15.10%, ‐6.79%, and ‐4.03%, respectively. This research could provide a reference for evaluating the long‐term effects of mining activities on vegetation, and also give more insights into the effects of underground mining on different plant communities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Jiaxin Mi; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang; Simit Raval; Zanxu Chen; Yifei Hua. The long‐term effects of underground mining on the growth of tree, shrub, and herb communities in arid and semiarid areas in China. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 1412 -1425.
AMA StyleJiaxin Mi, Yongjun Yang, Huping Hou, Shaoliang Zhang, Simit Raval, Zanxu Chen, Yifei Hua. The long‐term effects of underground mining on the growth of tree, shrub, and herb communities in arid and semiarid areas in China. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (3):1412-1425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaxin Mi; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang; Simit Raval; Zanxu Chen; Yifei Hua. 2020. "The long‐term effects of underground mining on the growth of tree, shrub, and herb communities in arid and semiarid areas in China." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 3: 1412-1425.
Forest monitoring is critical to the management and successful evaluation of ecological restoration in mined areas. However, in the past, available monitoring has mainly focused on traditional parameters and lacked estimation of the spatial structural parameters (SSPs) of forests. The SSPs are important indicators of forest health and resilience. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of estimating the SSPs of restored forest in semi-arid mine dumps using Worldview-2 imagery. We used the random forest to extract the dominant feature factor subset; then, a regression model and mind evolutionary algorithm-back propagation (MEA-BP) neural network model were established to estimate the forest SSP. The results show that the textural features found using 3 × 3 window have a relatively high importance score in the random forest model. This indicates that the 3 × 3 texture factors have a relatively strong ability to explain the restored forest SSPs when compared with spectral factors. The optimal regression model has an R2 of 0.6174 and an MSRE of 0.1001. The optimal MEA-BP neural network model has an R2 of 0.6975 and an MSRE of 0.0906, which shows that the MEA-BP neural network has greater accuracy than the regression model. The estimation shows that the tree–shrub–grass mode with an average of 0.7351 has the highest SSP, irrespective of the restoration age. In addition, the SSP of each forest configuration type increases with the increase in restoration age except for the single grass configuration. The increase range of SSP across all modes was 0.0047–0.1471 after more than ten years of restoration. In conclusion, the spatial structure of a mixed forest mode is relatively complex. Application cases show that Worldview-2 imagery and the MEA-BP neural network method can support the effective evaluation of the spatial structure of restored forest in semi-arid mine dumps.
Xiaoxiao Zhu; Yongli Zhou; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang; Run Liu. Estimation of the Restored Forest Spatial Structure in Semi-Arid Mine Dumps Using Worldview-2 Imagery. Forests 2020, 11, 695 .
AMA StyleXiaoxiao Zhu, Yongli Zhou, Yongjun Yang, Huping Hou, Shaoliang Zhang, Run Liu. Estimation of the Restored Forest Spatial Structure in Semi-Arid Mine Dumps Using Worldview-2 Imagery. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxiao Zhu; Yongli Zhou; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang; Run Liu. 2020. "Estimation of the Restored Forest Spatial Structure in Semi-Arid Mine Dumps Using Worldview-2 Imagery." Forests 11, no. 6: 695.
Land consolidation is a key measure in the implementation of agricultural sustainability and has a strategic importance in farmland fragmentation reduction and rural revitalization. In order to understand spatiotemporal patterns of land consolidation implementation and their influences at a large scale, a comprehensive evaluation of 1046 land consolidation projects was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. The results of this study showed that the construction scale (CS) and investment amount (IA) rose in waves in Jiangsu province during the period 2001–2017, while the newly increased farmland rate (NIFR) continued to decline. Spatial patterns of land consolidation aggregated, whereas the scale and the kernel density of the newly increased farmland area (NIFA) was differentiated in different time periods. In addition, the regional differentiation was significant. The gravity center of CS, IA, and NIFA moved with an overall trend from South Jiangsu to North Jiangsu, and finally stopped at the Li-Xia River plain area in North Jiangsu. The key factors that promoted land consolidation included natural farmland quality and the proportion of the primary industry production in GDP. The potential of NIFA, the farmland production amount, and the income of the financial transferring payment were also important factors. Spatial patterns were initially influenced by natural conditions and were later influenced more significantly by economic and policy conditions. In the future, differentiated land consolidation policy oriented by public involvement should be formulated to improve new frameworks of system implementation, as well as to provide evidence for spatial configuration, district cooperation, policy adjustment, and the systematic improvement of sustainable land consolidation.
Xiaoping Ge; Feng Zhu; Yongjun Yang; Gangjun Liu; Fu Chen. Probing Influence Factors of Implementation Patterns for Sustainable Land Consolidation: Insights from Seventeen Years of Practice in Jiangsu Province, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3576 .
AMA StyleXiaoping Ge, Feng Zhu, Yongjun Yang, Gangjun Liu, Fu Chen. Probing Influence Factors of Implementation Patterns for Sustainable Land Consolidation: Insights from Seventeen Years of Practice in Jiangsu Province, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoping Ge; Feng Zhu; Yongjun Yang; Gangjun Liu; Fu Chen. 2020. "Probing Influence Factors of Implementation Patterns for Sustainable Land Consolidation: Insights from Seventeen Years of Practice in Jiangsu Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3576.
Microorganisms are the driving force behind the circulation and transformation of the soil substance. The development of soil bacterial communities is critical for ecosystem restoration and evolution. In the Loess Plateau, coal mining activities have aggravated the deterioration of the fragile local ecological environment. The adaptive development of soil bacterial communities in response to different ecological processes caused by coal mining activities was explored through high-throughput sequencing technology and an ecological network analysis of the mining subsidence area of the Daliuta Coal Mine and vegetation rehabilitation area of the Heidaigou Coal Mine in the Loess Plateau. The results showed that while mining subsidence was inhibited, vegetation rehabilitation promoted the soil physicochemical properties. Soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in the subsidence area decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while soil organic matter, soil water, pH and EC in the vegetation rehabilitation area increased significantly (P < 0.05). The diversity index in the subsidence area decreased by about 20%, while that in the vegetation rehabilitation area increased by 63%. Mining subsidence and vegetation rehabilitation had a distinct influence on the molecular ecological networks of the soil bacteria, which tended to be more complex after the mining subsidence, and the number of connections in the network increased otherwise significantly enhanced interactive relationships. After the vegetation rehabilitation, the number of modules in the ecological network increased, but the contents of modules tended to be simpler. Soil bacterial communities adapted to the changes by changing the relationships between bacteria in response to different ecological processes. This study provides new insights into the monitoring and abatement of the damaged ecological environment in mines.
Zhanbin Luo; Jing Ma; Fu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Qi Zhang; Yongjun Yang. Adaptive Development of Soil Bacterial Communities to Ecological Processes Caused by Mining Activities in the Loess Plateau, China. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 477 .
AMA StyleZhanbin Luo, Jing Ma, Fu Chen, Xiaoxiao Li, Qi Zhang, Yongjun Yang. Adaptive Development of Soil Bacterial Communities to Ecological Processes Caused by Mining Activities in the Loess Plateau, China. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (4):477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhanbin Luo; Jing Ma; Fu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Qi Zhang; Yongjun Yang. 2020. "Adaptive Development of Soil Bacterial Communities to Ecological Processes Caused by Mining Activities in the Loess Plateau, China." Microorganisms 8, no. 4: 477.
Irrigation has been applied on a large scale for the improvement of grain yield per hectare and production stability. However, the dryland-to-paddy conversion affects the ecological environment of areas of long-term dry farming, especially soil microorganisms. Little attention has been paid to the changes in microbial communities and the interactions between their populations in this process. Therefore, in this paper, the compositions and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities were explored through a combination of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular ecological network methods using bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS. The results showed that: (1) both the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi decreased in a short time, and the abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Olpidiomycota varied greatly. (2) Compared to dry land, the modular structure of interaction networks and interspecific relationships of bacterial and fungal communities in paddy soil were simpler, and the network became more unstable. A cooperative relationship dominated in the molecular ecological network of bacteria, while a competitive relationship was dominant in the network of fungi. Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial species in dry land and paddy field, respectively. Ascomycota was dominant in the fungal communities of both dry land and paddy field. (3) The change in soil environmental factors, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM) and available potassium (AK), directly affected the soil microbial community structure, showing a significant correlation (p < 0.05). These environmental factors also influenced the dominant microbial species. Microorganisms are the most important link in the carbon and nitrogen cycles of soil, and a large-scale dryland-to-paddy conversion may reduce the ecological stability of regional soil.
Xiaoxiao Li; Qi Zhang; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Yifei Wang; Chen Fu. Flooding Irrigation Weakens the Molecular Ecological Network Complexity of Soil Microbes during the Process of Dryland-to-Paddy Conversion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 561 .
AMA StyleXiaoxiao Li, Qi Zhang, Jing Ma, Yongjun Yang, Yifei Wang, Chen Fu. Flooding Irrigation Weakens the Molecular Ecological Network Complexity of Soil Microbes during the Process of Dryland-to-Paddy Conversion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxiao Li; Qi Zhang; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Yifei Wang; Chen Fu. 2020. "Flooding Irrigation Weakens the Molecular Ecological Network Complexity of Soil Microbes during the Process of Dryland-to-Paddy Conversion." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 561.
Visible and near infrared spectroscopy is an effective method for monitoring the content of heavy metals in soil. However, due to the difference between polluted soil with phytoremediation and without phytoremediation, the common estimation model cannot meet accuracy requirements. To solve this problem, combined with an ecological restoration experiment for soil contamination using the plant Neyraudia reynaudiana, this study explored the feasibility of using a hyperspectral technology to estimate the heavy metal content (Cd, Cr, and Pb) of soil under phytoremediation. A total of 108 surface soil samples (from depths of 0–20 cm) were collected. Inversion models were established using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the back propagation neural network optimized by a mind evolutionary algorithm (MEA-BPNN). The results revealed that: (1) modeling with derivative-transformed spectra can effectively enhance the correlation between soil spectral reflectance and heavy metal content. (2) Compared with the BP neural network model, the estimation accuracy (R2) was improved from 0.728, 0.737, and 0.675 to 0.873, 0.884, and 0.857 using the MEA-BP neural network model. The residual prediction deviation (RPD) values for the three heavy metals Cd, Cr, and Pb using the MEA-BPNN model were 2.114, 3.000, and 2.560, respectively. Among them, the estimated model of Cd was an excellent prediction. (3) Compared with PLSR, the model prediction results established by the MEA-BP neural network had higher estimation accuracy. In summary, the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to predict heavy metal content provides a theoretical basis for further study of the large-scale monitoring of soil heavy-metal pollution and its remediation evaluation in the polluted area, which is of great significance.
Xi Wang; Shi An; Yaqing Xu; Huping Hou; Fuyao Chen; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Run Liu. A Back Propagation Neural Network Model Optimized by Mind Evolutionary Algorithm for Estimating Cd, Cr, and Pb Concentrations in Soils Using Vis-NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Applied Sciences 2019, 10, 51 .
AMA StyleXi Wang, Shi An, Yaqing Xu, Huping Hou, Fuyao Chen, Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Run Liu. A Back Propagation Neural Network Model Optimized by Mind Evolutionary Algorithm for Estimating Cd, Cr, and Pb Concentrations in Soils Using Vis-NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Applied Sciences. 2019; 10 (1):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXi Wang; Shi An; Yaqing Xu; Huping Hou; Fuyao Chen; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Run Liu. 2019. "A Back Propagation Neural Network Model Optimized by Mind Evolutionary Algorithm for Estimating Cd, Cr, and Pb Concentrations in Soils Using Vis-NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1: 51.
Shanchuan Guo; Hongrui Zheng; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Qianlin Zhu; Peijun Du. Spatial estimates of surface deformation and topsoil moisture in operating CO2-EOR project: Pilot environmental monitoring using SAR technique. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 236, 1 .
AMA StyleShanchuan Guo, Hongrui Zheng, Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Huping Hou, Qianlin Zhu, Peijun Du. Spatial estimates of surface deformation and topsoil moisture in operating CO2-EOR project: Pilot environmental monitoring using SAR technique. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 236 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShanchuan Guo; Hongrui Zheng; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Qianlin Zhu; Peijun Du. 2019. "Spatial estimates of surface deformation and topsoil moisture in operating CO2-EOR project: Pilot environmental monitoring using SAR technique." Journal of Cleaner Production 236, no. : 1.
Land consolidation of dryland-to-paddy conversion for improving tillage conditions and grain production capacity is widely implemented throughout the world. The conversion affects soil ecological stability, especially the most active soil microorganisms. However, the impacts of the dryland-to-paddy conversion has paid little attention in recent decades. In this study, a pot experiment was used to explore the responses of the microbial community and their interactions with soil properties after rice in the first season (five months). The results indicated that a significant decrease in the topsoil pH, organic matter content, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonical nitrogen, and an increase in soil electrical conductivity (EC) was observed (p < 0.05) after the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi decreased in the short term. The composition of the soil microbial community and the soil microbial dominant bacteria had considerably changed after the conversion. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Olpidiomycota were found to be highly sensitive to the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The soil microbial community structure had extremely significant positive correlations with soil pH, EC, organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonical nitrogen (p < 0.05). Microorganisms are the most important component of soil nutrient cycling. Converting a large area of dryland to paddy may lead to an imbalance in the soil carbonitride cycle and should be further examined in North China.
Xiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Fu Chen. Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Community to Field Conversion from Dryland to Paddy under the Land Consolidation Process in North China. Agriculture 2019, 9, 216 .
AMA StyleXiaoxiao Li, Jing Ma, Yongjun Yang, Huping Hou, Gang-Jun Liu, Fu Chen. Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Community to Field Conversion from Dryland to Paddy under the Land Consolidation Process in North China. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (10):216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Fu Chen. 2019. "Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Community to Field Conversion from Dryland to Paddy under the Land Consolidation Process in North China." Agriculture 9, no. 10: 216.
Soil pollution severely threatens agro-ecosystem stability. It is important to accurately understand the status of farmland pollution in order to protect national food safety and human health. However, information of the combined pollution level of Chinese farmland soil and associated human health risk at the national scale is relatively lacking. In this study, 5597 samples from 1781 farmland soil sites were obtained from 553 reports and combined into pollution databases of heavy metals, organochlorines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on the data obtained, this paper demonstrated the current pollution status of farmland soil, and assessed the subsequent human health risk. Results showed that the combined pollution ratio of Chinese farmland soil was 22.10%, with 1.23% of severe pollution level. Moreover, the total non-carcinogenic hazard quotients of farmland soil pollution were within the safety threshold for adults, but there was a slight non-carcinogenic risk for children. For adults, the ratio of total farmland area to total carcinogenic risk quotients above the safety threshold of 1 × 10-5 was only 1.02%, but for children, the ratio was as high as 20.75%. On the other side, food crop and vegetable plantations were the priority control farmland soil compared to other types. Meanwhile, Yunnan, Hunan, Anhui, Henan, and Liaoning were selected as the priority control provinces due to their severe pollutions and high human health risks. This study has provided a comprehensive pollution and health risk assessment. Furthermore, the spatial distribution might provide as the scientific support for accelerating the mapping of soil pollution in China, as well as developing the policy for the contaminated farmland soil management.
Siyan Zeng; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Gang-Jun Liu; Fu Chen. Spatial assessment of farmland soil pollution and its potential human health risks in China. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 687, 642 -653.
AMA StyleSiyan Zeng, Jing Ma, Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Gang-Jun Liu, Fu Chen. Spatial assessment of farmland soil pollution and its potential human health risks in China. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 687 ():642-653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiyan Zeng; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Gang-Jun Liu; Fu Chen. 2019. "Spatial assessment of farmland soil pollution and its potential human health risks in China." Science of The Total Environment 687, no. : 642-653.
Understanding the changes in a land use/land cover (LULC) is important for environmental assessment and land management. However, tracking the dynamic of LULC has proved difficult, especially in large-scale underground mining areas with extensive LULC heterogeneity and a history of multiple disturbances. Additional research related to the methods in this field is still needed. In this study, we tracked the LULC change in the Nanjiao mining area, Shanxi Province, China between 1987 and 2017 via random forest classifier and continuous Landsat imagery, where years of underground mining and reforestation projects have occurred. We applied a Savitzky–Golay filter and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based approach to detect the temporal and spatial change, respectively. The accuracy assessment shows that the random forest classifier has a good performance in this heterogeneous area, with an accuracy ranging from 81.92% to 86.6%, which is also higher than that via support vector machine (SVM), neural network (NN), and maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm. LULC classification results reveal that cultivated forest in the mining area increased significantly after 2004, while the spatial extent of natural forest, buildings, and farmland decreased significantly after 2007. The areas where vegetation was significantly reduced were mainly because of the transformation from natural forest and shrubs into grasslands and bare lands, respectively, whereas the areas with an obvious increase in NDVI were mainly because of the conversion from grasslands and buildings into cultivated forest, especially when villages were abandoned after mining subsidence. A partial correlation analysis demonstrated that the extent of LULC change was significantly related to coal production and reforestation, which indicated the effects of underground mining and reforestation projects on LULC changes. This study suggests that continuous Landsat classification via random forest classifier could be effective in monitoring the long-term dynamics of LULC changes, and provide crucial information and data for the understanding of the driving forces of LULC change, environmental impact assessment, and ecological protection planning in large-scale mining areas.
Jiaxin Mi; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Shi An; Huping Hou; Yifei Hua; Fuyao Chen. Tracking the Land Use/Land Cover Change in an Area with Underground Mining and Reforestation via Continuous Landsat Classification. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1719 .
AMA StyleJiaxin Mi, Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Shi An, Huping Hou, Yifei Hua, Fuyao Chen. Tracking the Land Use/Land Cover Change in an Area with Underground Mining and Reforestation via Continuous Landsat Classification. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (14):1719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaxin Mi; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Shi An; Huping Hou; Yifei Hua; Fuyao Chen. 2019. "Tracking the Land Use/Land Cover Change in an Area with Underground Mining and Reforestation via Continuous Landsat Classification." Remote Sensing 11, no. 14: 1719.
Landslides represent the most intense type of geological disaster in the gully region of the Loess Plateau and have caused great damage to surface vegetation. Natural restoration is considered as an effective method for revegetation, however, vegetation patterns on landslides after natural restoration and its related factors remain poorly understood. The present study investigated vegetation patterns on a landslide after 5 years of natural restoration, which located in Hezhai coal mining area, Shanxi Province, China, to understand the natural restoration of vegetation after landslides. The species composition on the bottom, middle and top of the landslide, as well as the species importance value, plant diversity and similarity were ascertained and compared with the that on undisturbed site. Furthermore, the soil seed bank in another landslide which just experienced 0.5-year natural restoration was also investigated, and a seed bank germination experiment was performed based on the collected seed samples from the landslide to test their vitalities. Results showed that 20 species of vegetation were found on all three parts of the landslide, which all belonged to herbaceous plants and shrubs. Eleusine indica was dominant in both the bottom and middle of the landslide, while the top was dominated by Potentilla sischanensis. From the bottom to the top of landslide, the Margalef Index was 3.26, 3.91, and 2.17 respectively; the Shannon–Wiener Index was 2.56, 2.60, and 2.13 respectively; the Pielou Index was 0.55, 0.56, and 0.46, respectively. Species similarity revealed a close relationship between species compositions on restored landslide and undisturbed area. A total of 13 species of seeds were found in the soil seed bank, which were also similar to the aboveground plants on disturbed site and the landslide after 5-year natural restoration, and the seed was also proved vital in the seed bank experiment. These results indicated that vegetation on landslides could recovery naturally, and natural restoration was more effective on the bottom and middle of the landslide, which revealed that changes in topography could affect revegetation. The seed bank in the soil was considered as a main factor affecting natural restoration. This research provides useful insight into the natural restoration of vegetation after landslides, and provides a reference for the selection of ecological restoration strategies.
Jiaxin Mi; Run Liu; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Yongjun Yang; Fuyao Chen; Liming Zhang. Vegetation patterns on a landslide after five years of natural restoration in the Loess Plateau mining area in China. Ecological Engineering 2019, 136, 46 -54.
AMA StyleJiaxin Mi, Run Liu, Shaoliang Zhang, Huping Hou, Yongjun Yang, Fuyao Chen, Liming Zhang. Vegetation patterns on a landslide after five years of natural restoration in the Loess Plateau mining area in China. Ecological Engineering. 2019; 136 ():46-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaxin Mi; Run Liu; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Yongjun Yang; Fuyao Chen; Liming Zhang. 2019. "Vegetation patterns on a landslide after five years of natural restoration in the Loess Plateau mining area in China." Ecological Engineering 136, no. : 46-54.
Wetlands provide many essential ecosystem services for human well-being. The ecological assessment of wetland ecosystem services is problematic and thus is an important focus in the field of ecological research. In this study, an ecological assessment system containing the ecosystem product value, ecosystem regulation service value, and ecosystem cultural service value was established to calculate the gross ecosystem product in the Nansi Lake Wetland, China. Based on remote sensing images, field studies, and literature reviews, the gross ecosystem product was estimated for the years 1985, 1992, 2005, 2011, and 2017. The results showed that the gross ecosystem product of the Nansi Lake Wetland increased from 40.91 × 108 USD in 1985 to 46.28 × 108 USD in 2017. The gross ecosystem product of the altered wetlands increased by about 8.5 times with a rising linear relationship, while natural wetlands presented a nonlinear relationship. Furthermore, except for the changes in climatic condition, anthropogenic interference factors such as coal mining activities, farming practices, and government policies have promoted significant services in the Nansi Lake Wetland over the past 30 years. This study could provide important insight into the ecological assessment of wetland ecosystems and thus inform policy for the protection and better use of wetland resources.
Fan Wang; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Yongjun Yang; Yunlong Gong. Assessing the Changes of Ecosystem Services in the Nansi Lake Wetland, China. Water 2019, 11, 788 .
AMA StyleFan Wang, Shaoliang Zhang, Huping Hou, Yongjun Yang, Yunlong Gong. Assessing the Changes of Ecosystem Services in the Nansi Lake Wetland, China. Water. 2019; 11 (4):788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan Wang; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Yongjun Yang; Yunlong Gong. 2019. "Assessing the Changes of Ecosystem Services in the Nansi Lake Wetland, China." Water 11, no. 4: 788.
Electronic waste (e-waste) represents a severe global environmental issue due to the fast upgrading and updating of electronic products and the high environmental risk. Current low recycling technology, high economic cost, and weak disposal capability make it difficult for e-waste to be rendered 100% harmless. E-waste disposal requires new site-selection methods and site-saving technology to take into account the loss of public perceived value. This study attempts to improve e-waste disposal through siting and landscaping to reduce perceived value loss. The first step is to determine the minimum distance for landfill siting by surveying the minimum loss of perceived value and to use the geographic information system (GIS) to sketch the suitable landfill site thereafter. To optimize the landfill landscape, a landscape infrastructure and its filling process have been designed to reduce the environmental risk and ensure future reuse potential. The application case showed that the minimum distance is 521 m, which was sensitive to the educational level and occupation of residents. The key to landfill landscaping is the construction of isolation layers and the integration of the landfill and urban landscape. The method described in this paper is characterized by minimizing the perceived loss of value to the public, reducing environmental risks, and preserving the resource value of e-waste. This design could provide an alternative to current electronic waste processing methods.
Fu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Shaoliang Zhang. Storing E-waste in Green Infrastructure to Reduce Perceived Value Loss through Landfill Siting and Landscaping: A Case Study in Nanjing, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1829 .
AMA StyleFu Chen, Xiaoxiao Li, Yongjun Yang, Huping Hou, Gang-Jun Liu, Shaoliang Zhang. Storing E-waste in Green Infrastructure to Reduce Perceived Value Loss through Landfill Siting and Landscaping: A Case Study in Nanjing, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):1829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Shaoliang Zhang. 2019. "Storing E-waste in Green Infrastructure to Reduce Perceived Value Loss through Landfill Siting and Landscaping: A Case Study in Nanjing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1829.
Agricultural multifunctionality is increasing interest and importance under the environmental change, which influences the sustainability of agricultural systems. However, research on how the agricultural multifunctionality is being temporally adjusted under the process of rapid urbanization remains limited. Here, we use the Yangtze River Delta, one of the newest metropolitan agglomerations globally, as study area to investigate the threats of modern urbanization to traditional agriculture. This study assessed changes to farmland area and the agricultural multifunctionality of 16 cities in the delta during 1995–2015. The results show that: (1) 87.1% (690, 200 hm2) of farmland area was lost because of urban sprawl over the last 20 years; (2) the total value of agricultural multifunctionality in the delta had increased by 23.2%, which was mainly attributed to a significant increase in food provision and cultural leisure values; (3) the key factor affecting the spatial differentiation of agricultural multifunctionality changed from agricultural labour in 1995 to gross domestic product in 2005 and 2015; and (4) Socio-economic conditions and natural resources determined the adaptive change model of agricultural multifunctionality in different groups of cities. These results illustrate that agricultural multifunctionality is being adjusted to rapid urbanization through the intensification and trade-off of the multiple functions in agricultural system. Therefore, to foster the sustainable development of agriculture in metropolitan agglomerations, future land use policy should focus on both urban control and promoting agricultural multifunctionality. Ongoing transformation practices, such as land consolidation, should aim to improve the bio-physical and socio-economic functions of farmland in the delta. Future research should focus on developing locally suitable strategies based on the adaptive mechanisms of agricultural multifunctionality under changing environments in different cities.
Man Yu; Yongjun Yang; Fu Chen; Fengwu Zhu; Junfeng Qu; Shaoliang Zhang. Response of agricultural multifunctionality to farmland loss under rapidly urbanizing processes in Yangtze River Delta, China. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 666, 1 -11.
AMA StyleMan Yu, Yongjun Yang, Fu Chen, Fengwu Zhu, Junfeng Qu, Shaoliang Zhang. Response of agricultural multifunctionality to farmland loss under rapidly urbanizing processes in Yangtze River Delta, China. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 666 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMan Yu; Yongjun Yang; Fu Chen; Fengwu Zhu; Junfeng Qu; Shaoliang Zhang. 2019. "Response of agricultural multifunctionality to farmland loss under rapidly urbanizing processes in Yangtze River Delta, China." Science of The Total Environment 666, no. : 1-11.
This work investigated the influences of citric acid and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) as enhancing agents during the electrokinetics (EK)-persulfate process on the remediation of soil artificially contaminated with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and copper (Cu) with an initial concentration of 50 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the process while at the same time, the distribution of the residual contaminants in soil and the EK parameters were greatly influenced by the presence of persulfate, MCD and citric acid. The results show that there was significant removal of BDE-209 and Cu from the soil. MCD-assisted process gave the highest BDE-209 removal (88.6%) and the third largest Cu removal (54.3%) from the soil. Comparatively, the highest Cu removal (92.5%) and the second largest BDE-209 removal (85.6%) were achieved by the joint application of MCD and citric acid in anolyte during the EK-persulfate treatment. MCD and citric acid could increase soil electrical current and electroosmotic flow during EK. The alkalization of soil near cathode was alleviated by the acidic byproducts of persulfate decomposition which could be transported to the soil by electroosmosis and electromigration. This integration process may provide a green efficient technology for remediating co-contaminated soil.
Fu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Junfeng Qu; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang. Remediation of soil co-contaminated with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and copper by enhanced electrokinetics-persulfate process. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 369, 448 -455.
AMA StyleFu Chen, Xiaoxiao Li, Jing Ma, Junfeng Qu, Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang. Remediation of soil co-contaminated with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and copper by enhanced electrokinetics-persulfate process. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 369 ():448-455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Junfeng Qu; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang. 2019. "Remediation of soil co-contaminated with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and copper by enhanced electrokinetics-persulfate process." Journal of Hazardous Materials 369, no. : 448-455.
Access to sports and fitness activities is vital for individual well-being in crowded and stressful modern cities, but there has been little research exploring the valuation of sports services within cultural ecosystem services. The availability of social network data from mobile personal training applications opens the door to a new basis for research. For this paper, we used 934 data samples collected by the Codoon fitness application from October 2016 to September 2017 to develop a model for the valuation of sports services at Yunlong Lake–Yunlong Mountain Park. This model utilized data regarding the duration of exercise and the average hourly fee charged by a gym, along with the efficiency coefficient, the sports preference coefficient, and the income reduction method. The results of our proposed model showed that the value of sports services for the 934 sampled users was 47,624.92 CNY (7,286.61 USD; 1 CNY = 0.153 USD). The average values for the 839 running samples and 95 walking samples were 48.41 CNY (7.40 USD) and 73.81 CNY (11.29 USD), respectively. We estimated the annual benefits of the park’s sports services as 108,504,761.6 CNY (16.6 million USD), indicating the value of the park’s sports services to be about 7.23 billion CNY (1.1 billion USD). These results demonstrated that our proposed use of data from fitness-oriented mobile applications can provide a new approach to the appraisal of sports services within cultural ecosystem services.
Peichao Dai; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Yongjun Yang; Run Liu. Valuing sports services in urban parks: A new model based on social network data. Ecosystem Services 2019, 36, 100891 .
AMA StylePeichao Dai, Shaoliang Zhang, Huping Hou, Yongjun Yang, Run Liu. Valuing sports services in urban parks: A new model based on social network data. Ecosystem Services. 2019; 36 ():100891.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeichao Dai; Shaoliang Zhang; Huping Hou; Yongjun Yang; Run Liu. 2019. "Valuing sports services in urban parks: A new model based on social network data." Ecosystem Services 36, no. : 100891.
The ecological rehabilitation of potential toxic metal-contaminated soils in sites disturbed by mining has been a great challenge in recent decades. Phytoremediation is one of the most widely promoted renovation methods due to its environmental friendliness and low cost. However, there is a lack of in situ investigation on the influence of vegetation pattern and spontaneous succession on the rehabilitation of potential toxic metal-polluted soil. To clarify how the vegetation pattern in the early stage of restoration and the spontaneous succession influence the remediation of the soil, we investigated a metal mining dump in Sichuan, China, by field investigation and laboratory analysis. We determined the plant growth, soil fertility, and the capacity of potential toxic metals (PTMs) in metal mining soil under different initial vegetation patterns for different years to understand the role of vegetation pattern and spontaneous succession in PTM pollution phytoremediation projects. The results show that: (1) Phytoremediation with a simple initial vegetation pattern (RP rehabilitative plant pattern) which involves two rehabilitation plants, Agave sisalana and Neyraudia reynaudiana, achieves a PTM pollution index that is 9.28% lower than that obtained with the complex vegetation pattern (RP&LP rehabilitation plants mixed with local plants pattern), 21.86% lower in the soil fertility index, and 73.69% lower in the biodiversity index; (2) The phytoremediation with the 10-year RP&LP pattern was associated with a PTM pollution index that was 4.04% higher than that for the 17-year RP&LP pattern, a soil fertility index that was 4.48% lower, and a biodiversity index that was 12.49% lower. During the process of vegetation succession, if accumulator plants face inhibition of growth or retreat, the reclamation rate will decrease. The vegetation patterns influence the effect of phytoremediation. Spontaneous vegetation succession will cause the phytoremediation process to deviate from the intended target. Therefore, according to the goal of vegetation restoration, choosing a suitable vegetation pattern is the main premise to ensure the effect of phytoremediation. The indispensable manipulation of succession is significant during the succession series, and more attention should be paid to the rehabilitative plants to ensure the stable effect of reclamation. The results obtained in this study could provide a guideline for the in situ remediation of PTM-polluted soil in China.
Fuyao Chen; Yongjun Yang; Jiaxin Mi; Run Liu; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang. Effects of Vegetation Pattern and Spontaneous Succession on Remediation of Potential Toxic Metal-Polluted Soil in Mine Dumps. Sustainability 2019, 11, 397 .
AMA StyleFuyao Chen, Yongjun Yang, Jiaxin Mi, Run Liu, Huping Hou, Shaoliang Zhang. Effects of Vegetation Pattern and Spontaneous Succession on Remediation of Potential Toxic Metal-Polluted Soil in Mine Dumps. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):397.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFuyao Chen; Yongjun Yang; Jiaxin Mi; Run Liu; Huping Hou; Shaoliang Zhang. 2019. "Effects of Vegetation Pattern and Spontaneous Succession on Remediation of Potential Toxic Metal-Polluted Soil in Mine Dumps." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 397.