This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Understanding where, when, what type and why crashes are occurring can help determine the most appropriate initiatives to reduce road trauma. Spatial statistical analysis techniques are better suited to analysing crashes than traditional statistical techniques as they allow for spatial dependency and non-stationarity. For example, crashes tend to cluster at specific locations (spatial dependency) and vary from one location to another (non-stationarity). Several spatial statistical methods were used to examine crash clustering in metropolitan Melbourne, including Global Moran’s I statistic, Kernel Density Estimation and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. The Global Moran’s I statistic identified statistically significant clustering on a global level. The Kernel Density Estimation method showed clustering but could not identify the statistical significance. The Getis-Ord Gi* method identified local crash clustering and found that 15.7 per cent of casualty crash locations in metropolitan Melbourne were statistically significant hot spots at the 95 per cent confidence level. The degree, location and extent of clustering was found to vary for different crash categories, with fatal crashes exhibiting the lowest level of clustering and bicycle crashes exhibiting the highest level of clustering. Temporal variations in clustering were also observed. Overlaying the results with land use and road classification data found that hot spot clusters were in areas with a higher proportion of commercial land use and with a higher proportion of arterial and sub-arterial roads. Further work should investigate network based hot spot analysis and explore the relationship between crash clusters and influencing factors using spatial techniques such as Geographically Weighted Regression.
Elizabeth Hovenden; Gang-Jun Liu. Use of Spatial Analysis Techniques to Identify Statistically Significant Crash Hot Spots in Metropolitan Melbourne. Journal of Road Safety 2020, 31, 36 -58.
AMA StyleElizabeth Hovenden, Gang-Jun Liu. Use of Spatial Analysis Techniques to Identify Statistically Significant Crash Hot Spots in Metropolitan Melbourne. Journal of Road Safety. 2020; 31 (4):36-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth Hovenden; Gang-Jun Liu. 2020. "Use of Spatial Analysis Techniques to Identify Statistically Significant Crash Hot Spots in Metropolitan Melbourne." Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 4: 36-58.
The inherent complexity of environmental models is frequently a limiting factor in their usefulness and practical applicability. This paper aims to demonstrate how scientific workflows can increase the reproducibility of environmental models by better managing this complexity. Specifically, through the example of Solar Analyst solar radiation model, the paper identifies three primary mechanisms for managing environmental modeling complexity using scientific workflows: (i) increasing transparency and improving reproducibility, in both the modeling process and the model itself; (ii) integrating validation and improving warrantability of solar radiation model outputs; and (iii) widening opportunities for supporting parameter-setting decisions for a diversity of modelers, using machine learning. The results demonstrate how each of these mechanisms can be realized using a freely-available and open-source scientific workflow management system (SWFMS) called KNIME. Firstly, our example KNIME workflows demonstrate increased transparency and improved reproducibility of solar radiation models and the entire modeling process. In turn, improving transparency and reproducibility can aid novice users in understanding and reusing solar radiation models. Secondly, an extended KNIME workflow is used to integrate both modeling and validation into a single, transparent workflow. Lastly, using KNIME workflows facilitates integration with other decision-support tools and techniques, such as machine learning. Using decision trees, an extended solar radiation KNIME workflow offers the capability to support more transparent and warrantable decisions around setting Solar Analyst parameter values. Ultimately, better managing the complexity of environmental modeling contributes to wider uptake and scrutiny of environmental models and the outputs they generate, both in scientific research and in applied evidence-based decision making.
Nenad Radosevic; Matt Duckham; Gang-Jun Liu; Qian Sun. Solar radiation modeling with KNIME and Solar Analyst: Increasing environmental model reproducibility using scientific workflows. Environmental Modelling & Software 2020, 132, 104780 .
AMA StyleNenad Radosevic, Matt Duckham, Gang-Jun Liu, Qian Sun. Solar radiation modeling with KNIME and Solar Analyst: Increasing environmental model reproducibility using scientific workflows. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2020; 132 ():104780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNenad Radosevic; Matt Duckham; Gang-Jun Liu; Qian Sun. 2020. "Solar radiation modeling with KNIME and Solar Analyst: Increasing environmental model reproducibility using scientific workflows." Environmental Modelling & Software 132, no. : 104780.
Land consolidation is a key measure in the implementation of agricultural sustainability and has a strategic importance in farmland fragmentation reduction and rural revitalization. In order to understand spatiotemporal patterns of land consolidation implementation and their influences at a large scale, a comprehensive evaluation of 1046 land consolidation projects was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. The results of this study showed that the construction scale (CS) and investment amount (IA) rose in waves in Jiangsu province during the period 2001–2017, while the newly increased farmland rate (NIFR) continued to decline. Spatial patterns of land consolidation aggregated, whereas the scale and the kernel density of the newly increased farmland area (NIFA) was differentiated in different time periods. In addition, the regional differentiation was significant. The gravity center of CS, IA, and NIFA moved with an overall trend from South Jiangsu to North Jiangsu, and finally stopped at the Li-Xia River plain area in North Jiangsu. The key factors that promoted land consolidation included natural farmland quality and the proportion of the primary industry production in GDP. The potential of NIFA, the farmland production amount, and the income of the financial transferring payment were also important factors. Spatial patterns were initially influenced by natural conditions and were later influenced more significantly by economic and policy conditions. In the future, differentiated land consolidation policy oriented by public involvement should be formulated to improve new frameworks of system implementation, as well as to provide evidence for spatial configuration, district cooperation, policy adjustment, and the systematic improvement of sustainable land consolidation.
Xiaoping Ge; Feng Zhu; Yongjun Yang; Gangjun Liu; Fu Chen. Probing Influence Factors of Implementation Patterns for Sustainable Land Consolidation: Insights from Seventeen Years of Practice in Jiangsu Province, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3576 .
AMA StyleXiaoping Ge, Feng Zhu, Yongjun Yang, Gangjun Liu, Fu Chen. Probing Influence Factors of Implementation Patterns for Sustainable Land Consolidation: Insights from Seventeen Years of Practice in Jiangsu Province, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoping Ge; Feng Zhu; Yongjun Yang; Gangjun Liu; Fu Chen. 2020. "Probing Influence Factors of Implementation Patterns for Sustainable Land Consolidation: Insights from Seventeen Years of Practice in Jiangsu Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3576.
Assessing spatiotemporal variation in water quality and heavy metals concentrations in wetlands and identifying metal contamination source are crucial steps for the protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. Using the water quality identification index (Iwq), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), we evaluated spatiotemporal variation in water quality and heavy metals concentrations, and their interrelation in wetlands along the middle and lower Yellow River. The average Iwq was highest during flood season but the average HPI was lowest in the same season. Meanwhile, the trend in mean HPI across three hydrological seasons was the opposite to that of mean Iwq. There was significant variation in wetlands water pollution status across seasons. During the flood season, the wetlands in the affected area with hanging river were seriously polluted. In other seasons, pollution in the artificial wetlands was even more severe. Moreover, serious pollution of wetlands in belt transect #03 (Yuanyang-Zhongmu) was more frequent. Dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand strongly influenced heavy metal concentrations, while other water quality parameters had different influences on heavy metal concentrations in different hydrological seasons. The causes of water pollution were divided into natural factors and human disturbance (with potential relationships between them). The polluted wetlands were greatly affected by the Yellow River during the flood season while they were more impacted by agricultural and domestic sewage discharge in other seasons. However, heavy metal deposition and leaching into riparian wetlands were still affected by diverse channel conditions. If this trend is allowed to continue unabated, wetlands along the middle and lower Yellow River are likely to lose their vital ecological and social functions.
Zhendong Hong; Qinghe Zhao; Jinlong Chang; Li Peng; Shuoqian Wang; Gangjun Liu; Shengyan Ding. Evaluation of Water Quality and Heavy Metals in Wetlands along the Yellow River in Henan Province. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1300 .
AMA StyleZhendong Hong, Qinghe Zhao, Jinlong Chang, Li Peng, Shuoqian Wang, Gangjun Liu, Shengyan Ding. Evaluation of Water Quality and Heavy Metals in Wetlands along the Yellow River in Henan Province. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhendong Hong; Qinghe Zhao; Jinlong Chang; Li Peng; Shuoqian Wang; Gangjun Liu; Shengyan Ding. 2020. "Evaluation of Water Quality and Heavy Metals in Wetlands along the Yellow River in Henan Province." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1300.
Soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution is a major concern due to its negative impact on soil quality around the world. In China, accurate data on soil PAHs and information on the relationship with anthropogenic activities are limited. In this study, about 30,800 samples from 1833 soil sample sites were reviewed from 306 published reports to build a soil PAHs database. Based on the data obtained, the results demonstrated that 24.11% of surface soils in China are heavily contaminated. Meanwhile, the concentration of soil PAHs varied, in the order of independent mining and industrial areas (IMIA) > urban areas > suburban areas > rural areas, and the spatial distribution in China demonstrated a descending trend from north to south. Moreover, the characteristic ratio and PCA-MLR (principal component analysis-multiple linear regression) analysis demonstrated that coal combustion and vehicular exhaust emissions were the main sources of soil PAH pollution in China. On the other hand, provincial total Σ16PAHs in surface soil were significantly correlated with the per square kilometer GDP (gross domestic product) of industrial land, the per capita GDP, as well as the production and consumption of energy. These results indicate that anthropogenic factors have greatly affected the levels of soil PAHs in China. This study improves our understanding on the status and sources of soil PAH contamination in China, thereby facilitating the implementation of strategies of prevention, control, and remediation of soils.
Siyan Zeng; Jing Ma; Yanhua Ren; Gang-Jun Liu; Qi Zhang; Fu Chen. Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Soil PAHs and their Relationship with Anthropogenic Activities at a National Scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4928 .
AMA StyleSiyan Zeng, Jing Ma, Yanhua Ren, Gang-Jun Liu, Qi Zhang, Fu Chen. Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Soil PAHs and their Relationship with Anthropogenic Activities at a National Scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (24):4928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiyan Zeng; Jing Ma; Yanhua Ren; Gang-Jun Liu; Qi Zhang; Fu Chen. 2019. "Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Soil PAHs and their Relationship with Anthropogenic Activities at a National Scale." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 4928.
Forest ecosystems in an ecotone and their dynamics to climate change are growing ecological and environmental concerns. Phenology is one of the most critical biological indicators of climate change impacts on forest dynamics. In this study, we estimated and visualized the spatiotemporal patterns of forest phenology from 2001 to 2017 in the Qinling Mountains (QMs) based on the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We further analyzed this data to reveal the impacts of climate change and topography on the start of the growing season (SOS), end of the growing season (EOS), and the length of growing season (LOS). Our results showed that forest phenology metrics were very sensitive to changes in elevation, with a 2.4 days delayed SOS, 1.4 days advanced EOS, and 3.8 days shortened LOS for every 100 m increase in altitude. During the study period, on average, SOS advanced by 0.13 days year−1, EOS was delayed by 0.22 days year−1, and LOS increased by 0.35 day year−1. The phenological advanced and delayed speed across different elevation is not consistent. The speed of elevation-induced advanced SOS increased slightly with elevation, and the speed of elevation-induced delayed EOS shift reached a maximum value of 1500 m from 2001 to 2017. The sensitivity of SOS and EOS to preseason temperature displays that an increase of 1 °C in the regionally averaged preseason temperature would advance the average SOS by 1.23 days and delay the average EOS by 0.72 days, respectively. This study improved our understanding of the recent variability of forest phenology in mountain ecotones and explored the correlation between forest phenology and climate variables in the context of the ongoing climate warming.
Haoming Xia; Yaochen Qin; Gary Feng; Qingmin Meng; Yaoping Cui; Hongquan Song; Ying Ouyang; Gangjun Liu. Forest Phenology Dynamics to Climate Change and Topography in a Geographic and Climate Transition Zone: The Qinling Mountains in Central China. Forests 2019, 10, 1007 .
AMA StyleHaoming Xia, Yaochen Qin, Gary Feng, Qingmin Meng, Yaoping Cui, Hongquan Song, Ying Ouyang, Gangjun Liu. Forest Phenology Dynamics to Climate Change and Topography in a Geographic and Climate Transition Zone: The Qinling Mountains in Central China. Forests. 2019; 10 (11):1007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoming Xia; Yaochen Qin; Gary Feng; Qingmin Meng; Yaoping Cui; Hongquan Song; Ying Ouyang; Gangjun Liu. 2019. "Forest Phenology Dynamics to Climate Change and Topography in a Geographic and Climate Transition Zone: The Qinling Mountains in Central China." Forests 10, no. 11: 1007.
Land consolidation of dryland-to-paddy conversion for improving tillage conditions and grain production capacity is widely implemented throughout the world. The conversion affects soil ecological stability, especially the most active soil microorganisms. However, the impacts of the dryland-to-paddy conversion has paid little attention in recent decades. In this study, a pot experiment was used to explore the responses of the microbial community and their interactions with soil properties after rice in the first season (five months). The results indicated that a significant decrease in the topsoil pH, organic matter content, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonical nitrogen, and an increase in soil electrical conductivity (EC) was observed (p < 0.05) after the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi decreased in the short term. The composition of the soil microbial community and the soil microbial dominant bacteria had considerably changed after the conversion. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Olpidiomycota were found to be highly sensitive to the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The soil microbial community structure had extremely significant positive correlations with soil pH, EC, organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonical nitrogen (p < 0.05). Microorganisms are the most important component of soil nutrient cycling. Converting a large area of dryland to paddy may lead to an imbalance in the soil carbonitride cycle and should be further examined in North China.
Xiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Fu Chen. Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Community to Field Conversion from Dryland to Paddy under the Land Consolidation Process in North China. Agriculture 2019, 9, 216 .
AMA StyleXiaoxiao Li, Jing Ma, Yongjun Yang, Huping Hou, Gang-Jun Liu, Fu Chen. Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Community to Field Conversion from Dryland to Paddy under the Land Consolidation Process in North China. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (10):216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Fu Chen. 2019. "Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Community to Field Conversion from Dryland to Paddy under the Land Consolidation Process in North China." Agriculture 9, no. 10: 216.
Electronic waste (e-waste) represents a severe global environmental issue due to the fast upgrading and updating of electronic products and the high environmental risk. Current low recycling technology, high economic cost, and weak disposal capability make it difficult for e-waste to be rendered 100% harmless. E-waste disposal requires new site-selection methods and site-saving technology to take into account the loss of public perceived value. This study attempts to improve e-waste disposal through siting and landscaping to reduce perceived value loss. The first step is to determine the minimum distance for landfill siting by surveying the minimum loss of perceived value and to use the geographic information system (GIS) to sketch the suitable landfill site thereafter. To optimize the landfill landscape, a landscape infrastructure and its filling process have been designed to reduce the environmental risk and ensure future reuse potential. The application case showed that the minimum distance is 521 m, which was sensitive to the educational level and occupation of residents. The key to landfill landscaping is the construction of isolation layers and the integration of the landfill and urban landscape. The method described in this paper is characterized by minimizing the perceived loss of value to the public, reducing environmental risks, and preserving the resource value of e-waste. This design could provide an alternative to current electronic waste processing methods.
Fu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Shaoliang Zhang. Storing E-waste in Green Infrastructure to Reduce Perceived Value Loss through Landfill Siting and Landscaping: A Case Study in Nanjing, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1829 .
AMA StyleFu Chen, Xiaoxiao Li, Yongjun Yang, Huping Hou, Gang-Jun Liu, Shaoliang Zhang. Storing E-waste in Green Infrastructure to Reduce Perceived Value Loss through Landfill Siting and Landscaping: A Case Study in Nanjing, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):1829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Yongjun Yang; Huping Hou; Gang-Jun Liu; Shaoliang Zhang. 2019. "Storing E-waste in Green Infrastructure to Reduce Perceived Value Loss through Landfill Siting and Landscaping: A Case Study in Nanjing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1829.
Determining sources of heavy metals in soils, sediments and groundwater is important for understanding their fate and transport and mitigating human and environmental exposures. Artificially imported fill, natural sediments and groundwater from 240 ha of reclaimed land at Fishermans Bend in Australia, were analysed for heavy metals and other parameters to determine the relative contributions from different possible sources. Fishermans Bend is Australia's largest urban re-development project, however, complicated land-use history, geology, and multiple contamination sources pose challenges to successful re-development. We developed a method for heavy metal source separation in groundwater using statistical categorisation of the data, analysis of soil leaching values and fill/sediment XRF profiling. The method identified two major sources of heavy metals in groundwater: 1. Point sources from local or up-gradient groundwater contaminated by industrial activities and/or legacy landfills; and 2. contaminated fill, where leaching of Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn was observed. Across the precinct, metals were most commonly sourced from a combination of these sources; however, eight locations indicated at least one metal sourced solely from fill leaching, and 23 locations indicated at least one metal sourced solely from impacted groundwater. Concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater ranged from 0.0001 to 0.003 mg/L (Cd), 0.001-0.1 mg/L (Cr), 0.001-0.2 mg/L (Cu), 0.001-0.5 mg/L (Ni), 0.001-0.01 mg/L (Pb), and 0.005-1.2 mg/L (Zn). Our method can determine the likely contribution of different metal sources to groundwater, helping inform more detailed contamination assessments and precinct-wide management and remediation strategies.
Emily Hepburn; Anne Northway; Dawit Bekele; Gang-Jun Liu; Matthew Currell. A method for separation of heavy metal sources in urban groundwater using multiple lines of evidence. Environmental Pollution 2018, 241, 787 -799.
AMA StyleEmily Hepburn, Anne Northway, Dawit Bekele, Gang-Jun Liu, Matthew Currell. A method for separation of heavy metal sources in urban groundwater using multiple lines of evidence. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 241 ():787-799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmily Hepburn; Anne Northway; Dawit Bekele; Gang-Jun Liu; Matthew Currell. 2018. "A method for separation of heavy metal sources in urban groundwater using multiple lines of evidence." Environmental Pollution 241, no. : 787-799.
The considerable variation in One Nation’s 2016 federal election results reflects many social and spatial factors. The party’s policies and increased acceptance, on a national scale, are another reflection of the deep anxieties that some voters feel about Islam, race, and immigration. These sentiments have found periodic political expressions in Australian and other societies. One Nation’s resurgence has also followed an international trend of increased support for right-populist politics. Some parallels exist between the social and spatial characteristics of One Nation’s electoral constituency and these other national contexts. This study of the electoral geography of One Nation utilizes newer methods of spatial analysis to examine these processes.
Ben Reid; Gang-Jun Liu. One Nation and the Heartland’s Cleavage: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. The Rise of Right-Populism 2018, 79 -102.
AMA StyleBen Reid, Gang-Jun Liu. One Nation and the Heartland’s Cleavage: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. The Rise of Right-Populism. 2018; ():79-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Reid; Gang-Jun Liu. 2018. "One Nation and the Heartland’s Cleavage: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis." The Rise of Right-Populism , no. : 79-102.
A new environmental ban has forced the restructure of open dumps in China since 1 July 2011. A technical process was established in this study that is feasible for the upgrade of open dumps through restructuring. The feasibility of restructuring and the benefit of greenhouse gas emission reductions were assessed according to field surveys of five landfills and four dumps in Nanjing. The results showed that the daily processing capacities of the existing landfills have been unable to meet the growth of municipal solid waste (MSW), making restructuring of the landfills imperative. According to an assessment of the technical process, only four sites in Nanjing were suitable for upgrading. Restructuring the Jiaozishan landfill effectively reduced the leachate generation rate by 5.84% under its scale when expanded by 60.7% in 2015. CO2 emissions were reduced by approximately 55,000–86,000 tons per year, in which biogas power generation replaced fossil fuels Fossil fuels accounted for the largest proportion, up to 45,000–60,000 tons. Photovoltaic power generation on the overlying land has not only reduced CO2 emissions to 26,000–30,000 tons per year but has also brought in continuing income from the sale of electricity. The funds are essential for developing countries such as China, which lack long-term financial support for landfill management after closure.
Jing Ma; Zhanbin Luo; Fu Chen; Qianlin Zhu; Shaoliang Zhang; Gang-Jun Liu. A Practical Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Open Dumps through Infrastructure Restructuring: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2804 .
AMA StyleJing Ma, Zhanbin Luo, Fu Chen, Qianlin Zhu, Shaoliang Zhang, Gang-Jun Liu. A Practical Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Open Dumps through Infrastructure Restructuring: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2804.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Ma; Zhanbin Luo; Fu Chen; Qianlin Zhu; Shaoliang Zhang; Gang-Jun Liu. 2018. "A Practical Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Open Dumps through Infrastructure Restructuring: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2804.
Source-separated policy is very important for household solid waste (HSW) management in global megacities. The low proportion of source-separated collection has led to a low comprehensive utilization rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China. In March 2017, the Chinese government required major cities to fully implement compulsory source-separated systems by 2020. To determine policy impacts and efficiency in improving HSW sorting, the government launched a mandatory MSW source-separated program in Nanjing in November 2016. A household survey was implemented in three types of 11 communities over a period of 10 weeks. The results showed that approximately 52% of the respondents supported the mandatory policy and that household size was the most important sociodemographic factor influencing the support of the source separation policy. Income, gender, age, and knowledge play significant roles in different groups of respondents. This mandatory policy effectively improved the source-separated rate of HSW by 49.7%. Source-separated facilities investment, publicity investment, and special supervision coverage in these communities had significant positive effects on source-separated HSW. Every 1 million CNY investment in source-separated facilities and publicity will increase the source-separated rate of HSW by 1.1%. A 1.0% increase of special supervision coverage in communities can increase the source-separated rate by 3.6%. The findings from this study may help improve source-separated management of HSW for other cities in the future.
Fu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Gang-Jun Liu. An Exploration of the Impacts of Compulsory Source-Separated Policy in Improving Household Solid Waste-Sorting in Pilot Megacities, China: A Case Study of Nanjing. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1327 .
AMA StyleFu Chen, Xiaoxiao Li, Jing Ma, Yongjun Yang, Gang-Jun Liu. An Exploration of the Impacts of Compulsory Source-Separated Policy in Improving Household Solid Waste-Sorting in Pilot Megacities, China: A Case Study of Nanjing. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Xiaoxiao Li; Jing Ma; Yongjun Yang; Gang-Jun Liu. 2018. "An Exploration of the Impacts of Compulsory Source-Separated Policy in Improving Household Solid Waste-Sorting in Pilot Megacities, China: A Case Study of Nanjing." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1327.
Waste pickers (WPs) play an indispensable role by helping to control municipal solid waste (MSW). However, they constitute the entry-level workforce of the waste recycling industry and receive little attention from the general public. In China, approximately 4 million WPs make their living by collecting MSW recyclable materials. To assess the role of WPs, an extensive social survey including urban management decision-makers, recycling industrial circle insiders, WPs, as well as common citizen respondents has been conducted in the city of Nanjing, China. The results confirmed that 70–80% of recyclable MSW materials were collected by WPs in the informal sector, which are an integral component of the waste recycling system. In Nanjing, the recyclable material collected annually by WPs is about 505,000 tons, which creates annual economic value of about 78.6–84.7 million USD. However, WPs account for only 6.8–7.3% of the entire industrial chain of the recycling economy. In Nanjing, WPs are able to save an annual MSW disposal cost of about 17.6–22.0 million USD. The resource recovery rate is also increased by 1.9–8.0%. The survey results support the experience of establishing a community-based semi-official picker organizational framework, accompanied by relevant laws, regulations, and preferential policies that would improve the resource recovery rate and pickers’ living and working conditions in order to achieve more effective and hazard-free MSW resource utilization. It is anticipated that the results of this research will be instrumental for the improvement of the MSW recycling system and WP management in other cities in China and other developing countries.
Fu Chen; Zhanbin Luo; Yongjun Yang; Gang-Jun Liu; Jing Ma. Enhancing municipal solid waste recycling through reorganizing waste pickers: A case study in Nanjing, China. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 2018, 36, 767 -778.
AMA StyleFu Chen, Zhanbin Luo, Yongjun Yang, Gang-Jun Liu, Jing Ma. Enhancing municipal solid waste recycling through reorganizing waste pickers: A case study in Nanjing, China. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy. 2018; 36 (9):767-778.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Zhanbin Luo; Yongjun Yang; Gang-Jun Liu; Jing Ma. 2018. "Enhancing municipal solid waste recycling through reorganizing waste pickers: A case study in Nanjing, China." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 9: 767-778.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of a simultaneous chemical extraction and oxidation for removing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic metals from an actual soil polluted by the recycling activity of electronic waste. Various chemicals, including hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), citric acid (CA) and sodium persulfate (SP) were applied synchronously with Fe2+ activated oxidation to enhance the co-removal of both types of pollutants. It is found that the addition of HPCD can enhance POPs removal through solubilization of POPs and iron chelation; while the CA-chelated Fe2+ activation process is effective for extracting metals and degrading residual POPs. Under the optimized reagent conditions, 69.4% Cu, 78.1% Pb, 74.6% Ni, 97.1% polychlorinated biphenyls, 93.8% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 96.4% polybrominated diphenylethers were removed after the sequential application of SP-HPCD-Fe2+ and SP-CA-Fe2+ processes with a duration of 180 and 240 min, respectively. A high dehalogenation efficiency (84.8% bromine and 86.2% chlorine) is observed, suggesting the low accumulation of halogen-containing organic intermediates. The remediated soil can satisfy the national soil quality standard of China. Collectively, co-contaminated soil can be remediated with reasonable time and capital costs through simultaneous application of persulfate oxidation and chemical extraction.
Fu Chen; Zhanbin Luo; Gang-Jun Liu; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Jing Ma. Remediation of electronic waste polluted soil using a combination of persulfate oxidation and chemical washing. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 204, 170 -178.
AMA StyleFu Chen, Zhanbin Luo, Gang-Jun Liu, Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Jing Ma. Remediation of electronic waste polluted soil using a combination of persulfate oxidation and chemical washing. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 204 ():170-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Zhanbin Luo; Gang-Jun Liu; Yongjun Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Jing Ma. 2017. "Remediation of electronic waste polluted soil using a combination of persulfate oxidation and chemical washing." Journal of Environmental Management 204, no. : 170-178.
The frost-free period (FFP), first frost date (FFD) and last frost date (LFD) have been regard as the important climate variables for agricultural production. Understanding the spatio-temporal variations of the FFP, FFD and LFD is beneficial to reduce the harmful impacts of climate change on agricultural production and enhance the agricultural adaptation. This study examined daily minimum temperatures for 823 national-level meteorological stations, calculated the values of FFD, LFD and FFP for station-specific and region-specific from 1951 to 2012, estimated the gradients of linear regression for station-specific moving averages of FFD, LFD and FFP, and assessed station-specific time series of FFP and detected the abrupt change. The results as follows: at both the station level and the regional level, the FFP across China decreases with the increase of latitude from south to north, and with the increase of altitude from east to west generally. At the station level, the inter-annual fluctuations of FFD, LFD and FFP in south and west agricultural regions are greater than those in north and east. At the regional level, excluding the QT region, temporal changes of FFP are relatively small in both the low-latitude and the high-latitude regions, but for the mid-latitude regions. According to the linear trend gradients of the moving average values of station-specific FFD, LFD and FFP, FFD was delayed, LFD advanced, and FFP extended gradually over the 80% of China. Furthermore, the change magnitudes for FFD, LFD and FFP in the north and east agricultural regions are higher than that in the southern and western. Among the 659 station-specific time series of FFP examined by the Mann-Kendall test, 341 stations, located mainly in the north region, have one identifiable and significant abrupt change. And at the 341 stations with identified abrupt changes, most (57%) abrupt changes occurred during 1991–2012, followed by the periods of 1981–1990 (28%), 1971–1980 (12%), and 1951–1970 (3%). The spatio-temporal variations of FFD, LFD and FFP would provide important guidance to agricultural practices.
Xiaoju Ning; Gang-Jun Liu; Lijun Zhang; Xiaoyang Qin; Shenghui Zhou; Yaochen Qin. The spatio-temporal variations of frost-free period in China from 1951 to 2012. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016, 27, 23 -42.
AMA StyleXiaoju Ning, Gang-Jun Liu, Lijun Zhang, Xiaoyang Qin, Shenghui Zhou, Yaochen Qin. The spatio-temporal variations of frost-free period in China from 1951 to 2012. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2016; 27 (1):23-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoju Ning; Gang-Jun Liu; Lijun Zhang; Xiaoyang Qin; Shenghui Zhou; Yaochen Qin. 2016. "The spatio-temporal variations of frost-free period in China from 1951 to 2012." Journal of Geographical Sciences 27, no. 1: 23-42.
Laboratorial scale experiments were performed to evaluate the efficacy of a washing process using the combination of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) and tea saponin (TS) for simultaneous desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) and heavy metals from an electronic waste (e-waste) site. Ultrasonically aided mixing of the field contaminated soil with a combination of MCD and TS solutions simultaneously mobilizes most of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the analyte metal (Pb, Cu, and Ni) burdens. It is found that 15 g/L MCD and 10 g/L TS is an efficient reagent combination reconciling extraction performance and reagent costs. Under these conditions, the removal efficiencies of HOCs and heavy metals are 93.5 and 91.2 %, respectively, after 2 cycles of 60-min ultrasound-assisted washing cycles. By contrast, 86.3 % of HOCs and 88.4 % of metals are removed from the soil in the absence of ultrasound after 3 cycles of 120-min washing. The ultrasound-assisted soil washing could generate high removal efficiency and decrease the operating time significantly. Finally, the feasibility of regenerating and reusing the spent washing solution in extracting pollutants from the soil is also demonstrated. By application of this integrated technology, it is possible to recycle the washing solution for a purpose to reduce the consumption of surfactant solutions. Collectively, it has provided an effective and economic treatment of e-waste-polluted soil.
Fu Chen; Baodan Yang; Jing Ma; Junfeng Qu; Gangjun Liu. Decontamination of electronic waste-polluted soil by ultrasound-assisted soil washing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2016, 23, 20331 -20340.
AMA StyleFu Chen, Baodan Yang, Jing Ma, Junfeng Qu, Gangjun Liu. Decontamination of electronic waste-polluted soil by ultrasound-assisted soil washing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016; 23 (20):20331-20340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Baodan Yang; Jing Ma; Junfeng Qu; Gangjun Liu. 2016. "Decontamination of electronic waste-polluted soil by ultrasound-assisted soil washing." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 20: 20331-20340.
Regional comprehensive accessibility is the proximity of all locations to other specified locations in a region. Studies of regional accessibility have been primarily performed on a city or county scale. As the nerve ending of a road network, rural roads are distributed throughout a region. However, rural roads were rarely considered in previous studies. In this study, we focus on the scale of townships and include rural roads in the road network to measure accessibility. Using the GIS grid analysis method, we assessed the comprehensive accessibilities of Kaifeng City in China on a township scale. The regional accessibility analysis method on a city or county scale cannot be completely applied to township scale studies, which is reflected in the buffering area processing of closed roads. The accessibility of the townships in Kaifeng are characterized as irregular distributions in circular layers and primarily influenced by road network. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of the medium and high accessibility values exhibits clustering, the low values are dispersed.
Caihui Cui; Zhigang Han; Wenjie Song; Gang-Jun Liu. Assessment of the comprehensive accessibility of regional road network on towhship scale. 2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics 2015, 1 -5.
AMA StyleCaihui Cui, Zhigang Han, Wenjie Song, Gang-Jun Liu. Assessment of the comprehensive accessibility of regional road network on towhship scale. 2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics. 2015; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaihui Cui; Zhigang Han; Wenjie Song; Gang-Jun Liu. 2015. "Assessment of the comprehensive accessibility of regional road network on towhship scale." 2015 23rd International Conference on Geoinformatics , no. : 1-5.
Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually production- or consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based (fossil) energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ‘carbon footprint’ and ‘urban metabolism’. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explicitly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on the evolutionary mechanism and pattern of urban energy-induced CO2 emissions with the combination of three kinds of methods. And the spatial structure adjustment and technical progress provides further elements for consideration about the scenarios of change in urban energy use and CO2 emissions.
Lijun Zhang; Gang-Jun Liu; Yaochen Qin. Multi-scale integrated assessment of urban energy use and CO2 emissions. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2014, 24, 651 -668.
AMA StyleLijun Zhang, Gang-Jun Liu, Yaochen Qin. Multi-scale integrated assessment of urban energy use and CO2 emissions. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2014; 24 (4):651-668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLijun Zhang; Gang-Jun Liu; Yaochen Qin. 2014. "Multi-scale integrated assessment of urban energy use and CO2 emissions." Journal of Geographical Sciences 24, no. 4: 651-668.
The decade immediately after the end of the Second World War gave rise to three key societal developments in Australia—a dramatic increase in the birth rate and car ownership, plus an acceleration of the suburbanisation process. Five decades later, these three developments would converge and give rise to a new public policy problem: a spatially dispersed ageing population. To address this problem, Australia has opted for an ‘ageing in place’ strategy. While this strategy has been embraced by many, it poses a number of serious challenges for both policymakers and seniors alike. Foremost amongst them is the issue of being able to access outside of the home those things that are deemed essential to one's well-being and quality of life. This article explores this issue through an assessment of the out-of-home travel behaviour of a sample of seniors who live in or on the outskirts of metropolitan Melbourne. It investigates why seniors in three different case study areas need to travel outside the home, how often and how far, plus what modes of transportation are used. The study establishes that if an ageing in place strategy is to continue then seniors must be able to access a wide range of services and facilities either in their immediate neighbourhood or surrounding area. Urban and regional planners will need to respond to this emerging issue as the number of seniors projected to retire and live on into their late 80s is going to triple in the coming decades.
Benno Engels; Gang-Jun Liu. Ageing in Place: The Out-of-Home Travel Patterns of Seniors in Victoria and its Policy Implications. Urban Policy and Research 2013, 31, 168 -189.
AMA StyleBenno Engels, Gang-Jun Liu. Ageing in Place: The Out-of-Home Travel Patterns of Seniors in Victoria and its Policy Implications. Urban Policy and Research. 2013; 31 (2):168-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenno Engels; Gang-Jun Liu. 2013. "Ageing in Place: The Out-of-Home Travel Patterns of Seniors in Victoria and its Policy Implications." Urban Policy and Research 31, no. 2: 168-189.
Advances in microelectronics and the increasing use of digital mobile technologies associated with location based service (LBS) provision and consumption, have started to profoundly change the way we make decisions about when, how and where we do things. Microelectronics based modes of communication have extended our capacity to escape the ‘spatial fix’ that has constrained our ability to access and consume services outside the home environment in the past. In the mean time, spatially dispersed ageing population is becoming a challenging issue for public policy makers in many developed countries. Australia has opted to deal with this unprecedented ageing issue via an ‘ageing in place’ strategy, encouraging the elderly or seniors to live in their own housing for as long as possible, with only minimal support from public authorities. This strategy has been widely supported by the community. However, it poses a number of serious challenges for both policy makers and seniors alike. These include the issue of personal mobility and the ability to access those things that are deemed essential to ones well-being and quality of life from outside the home. The elderly or seniors are often identified as being subject to social exclusion because of difficulties associated with travelling outside their homes to access services and facilities, especially towards the outskirts of major urban centres, where services and facilities are generally only readily accessible by car. As drivers age and are required to surrender their driving licences, accessibility to a range of services and facilities either in their immediate neighbourhood or surrounding region will become a major issue especially in those locales where public transport infrastructure is inadequate. To better understand the potential benefits that LBS based technologies have for the elderly members of our society, this paper presents an empirical assessment and visualisation of micro level manifestations of location disadvantage within residential suburbs of Melbourne using GIS-based spatial analytical procedures and fine spatial resolution data sets. The paper presents the spatial patterns of accessibility in terms of the shortest network distance travelled from residential locations to their nearest essential services and facilities, such as medical centre, pharmacy, bank, library, church, shopping centre, bus stop, train station, social club, etc. This spatially dispersed aging population lives in or on the outskirts of metropolitan Melbourne, and some of whom do not have ready access to a car or public transport service. This case study reveals that the existence of social exclusion amongst non-car driving seniors is being reinforced by a regional public transport system that can not adequately service the entire municipality, as too much reliance continues to be placed on the ownership and usage of cars. The paper points out that there is a range of specific applications of LBS technology that can benefit the wellbeing of seniors, especially non-driving seniors; the next wave of retirees will be more technologically savvy and shall have fewer difficulties using the latest microelectronic devices that can disseminate LBS information; designers of LBS applications will need to take account of this development. The approaches taken and the findings made in this study should be useful to public policy makers, government and non-government service providers and developers of LBS applications in many countries who will all be confronted by this same policy problem within the next two decades.
Gang-Jun Liu; Benno Engels. Accessibility to Essential Services and Facilities by a Spatially Dispersed Aging Population in Suburban Melbourne, Australia. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2012, 327 -348.
AMA StyleGang-Jun Liu, Benno Engels. Accessibility to Essential Services and Facilities by a Spatially Dispersed Aging Population in Suburban Melbourne, Australia. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2012; ():327-348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGang-Jun Liu; Benno Engels. 2012. "Accessibility to Essential Services and Facilities by a Spatially Dispersed Aging Population in Suburban Melbourne, Australia." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 327-348.