Роль малого предпринимательства в снижении молодежной безработицы

In any developed country, the state pays special attention to the development of human capital, which has a positive effect on the quality of life and the efficiency of the economy. Kazakhstan is no exception. The current crisis conditions point to the need to create a system of social protection for the young unemployed since the future of independent Kazakhstan depends on youth. There have been significant changes in the structure of employment in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study was to study and make recommendations on the development of the labor market based on the opinions of young people and employers in Kazakhstan. The online survey was conducted among working, self-employed and unemployed youth of 14 regions and 3 cities, namely, Nursultan, Almaty, Shymkent, seven districts of Atyrau region (Isatay, Makhambet, Kzylkoga, Kurmangazy, Inder, Makat, Zhylyoy). The public opinion of the youth of Kazakhstan on the problems of employment, youth labor market and labor migration are studied. Within the framework of the social partnership, the theoretical foundations of labor market regulation and its mechanisms were considered, the main causes of youth unemployment are considered, recommendations for the development of the youth labor market are given. The research has scientific value, as it makes a certain contribution to the development of the youth market. Professional training and retraining of young specialists, advanced training, informing young people about vacancies in institutions, improving the digitalization of the labor market are needed among young people.

Artificial intelligence is transforming our way of life and work, and its impact on the future of work is the subject of numerous discussions. The development of AI technologies is reshaping the labor market and the skills that employers value in their employees. Today, the digital transformation of the economy has become a major trend that provides significant support for the sustainable development of our economy, improves quality and efficiency, and has a profound impact on employment. The article examines the impact of workplace digitalization on pay equity and working conditions. The study revealed that improving the quality of workplace digitalization creates new opportunities and presents new challenges for the labor market. Enhancing the digitalization process of workplaces has led to an increase in average wages. The level of wages provides vulnerable groups such as women, the elderly, and individuals with low levels of education with the opportunity to earn equal pay and has a positive impact on the protection of fundamental rights and interests, greater flexibility in employment, and increased job satisfaction. On the other hand, workplace digitalization also exacerbates wage inequality. Self-employed workers face heavier workloads and longer overtime hours. Voluntary, unpaid overtime work undermines the rights and interests of workers.

The development of a market economy is characterized by instability of both external and internal organizational environment, which leads to the succession of the influence of the compared competitive advantages of credit and financial market entities on the formation of their competitive positions, which, in turn, means that the competitiveness of banks, like other financial institutions, is a relative concept. Competition is a rather subtle and flexible concept. In conditions of reduced demand for banking products and services, banking organizations that provide low-quality banking services are experiencing the greatest difficulties. With all of the scale of competition, the bank that analyzes and fights for its competitive position wins. The article explains and studies the reasons for the low competitiveness of banks in the modern banking system, which characterize the inability of banks to uphold and expand market share, promote banking products, and fully satisfy consumer interests. It is revealed that at the present stage, a quantitative assessment of the level of compe-titiveness of products and services of a bank and its management becomes an important issue, since it is a rather laborious, integrated process consisting of interconnected components and on which the competitiveness of the entire bank depends. On the basis of the study, relevant conclusions were identified.