Currently there are problems in improving the competitiveness of the coffee industry in Amazonas, in this context the present research seeks to analyze the future behavior of the coffee industry through a structural analysis with MICMAC. For this purpose, 14 coffee guilds of Amazonas were interviewed, followed by an external and internal evaluation and a structural analysis with MICMAC. Subsequently, future events were analyzed and validated by experts. MICMAC identified in the short term the importance of local and regional governments supporting the coffee associations in order to achieve their objectives, such as increasing organic coffee production and expanding the coffee frontier; in the medium term, a coffee research center should be created; and in the long term, studies on the different microclimates should be carried out in order to achieve a high price and international demand. The motricity and dependency study contributed to the generation of eight probable events, of which five events are likely to occur by 2030 and a desirable scenario is the ideal.

Smallholder coffee producers in the Amazonas Region, Peru, face increasing climate variability, yet evidence on their sensitivity and adaptive capacity remains limited. This study quantifies both dimensions for organised producers (associations and cooperatives) using a large cross-sectional survey (N = 5473). Composite indices were constructed via polychoric principal component analysis (PCA): items were harmonised to a common direction, standardised (z-scores), and rescaled to 0–1. Average Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity were intermediate (0.49 and 0.47), indicating moderate overall vulnerability. Group comparisons reveal statistically significant heterogeneity across producer characteristics and territories. Cooperative members exhibit higher Adaptive Capacity than association members (0.50 vs. 0.43), consistent with stronger organisational services and networks; differences in Sensitivity are modest and vary across dimensions. Additional variation is observed by gender, farming experience, and province (Bagua, Luya, Rodríguez de Mendoza, Utcubamba). Post hoc tests (Tukey) indicate where pairwise differences concentrate. The findings prioritise organisational strengthening, targeted financial and technical support, and territorially tailored interventions to enhance resilience. These results inform regional adaptation policies and cooperative-strengthening programmes to improve the climate robustness of smallholder coffee systems in the Amazonas region, Peru.

El marketing social es un conjunto de acciones que desarrolla una empresa para brindar solución a problemas sociales y medioambientales, estas acciones no tienen fines de lucro y buscan el bienestar de una comunidad, la compra responsable por parte de los consumidores se vuelve un factor importante para que las empresas tomen como indicador fundamental implementar técnicas de investigación y comunicación hacia mejoras de una sociedad. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el marketing social y el proceso de decisión de compra de millenials, segmentado en bebidas gasificadas, en el cual se trabajó con un enfoque cuantitativo de tipología básica con un nivel correlacional y un diseño no experimental – transaccional; se contó con 206 encuestados a través de un cuestionario de 20 preguntas relacionadas con el marketing social y decisión de compra; asimismo, el desarrollo de los datos se aplicó con Microsoft Excel y el software SPSS. Los hallazgos develan que el marketing social busca nuevos consumidores, mejorando el proceso de decisión de compra, vinculado al valor de marca y a la conciencia ecológica. Se concluye que el marketing social no tiene una incidencia directa en el comportamiento de consumidores millennials al comprar una bebida gasificada.

Climate change is increasingly threatening the sustainability of coffee farming in northern Peru, particularly in the Amazonas region, where coffee cooperatives serve as vital socioeconomic hubs for thousands of families. This study analyzed historical climate data from 1979 to 2024 to project trends up to 2030, integrating local perceptions from coffee producers to identify trends, anomalies, and future scenarios within four coffee cooperatives in northern Peru. We examined variables such as precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and wind speed using nonparametric statistical analyses and SARIMA time-series models. The findings indicate a steady increase in maximum and average temperatures, alongside greater irregularity in precipitation. Specifically, the Bagua Grande and COOPARM cooperatives are experiencing precipitation deficits, while the Alta Montaña and Ocumal cooperatives are facing excess rainfall. Additionally, we project an increase in evapotranspiration by 2030. Surveys conducted with coffee growers reveal a consensus regarding irregular rainfall patterns; however, there is less recognition of the rising temperature trends. This discrepancy emphasizes the importance of combining scientific data with local knowledge to develop more effective adaptation strategies at the cooperative level. We conclude that enhancing climate training and cooperative management is essential for improving the resilience of regional coffee farming.

The first impression on consumers is the packaging of the product, through the extrinsic characteristics consumers generate expectations that influence the evaluation of the product and determine the probability of purchase. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of packaging on the organoleptic quality of four brands of chocolates that are produced in the Amazon region, under three phases (i) packaging condition, where the effect of packaging characteristics on the consumer's visual perception without tasting the chocolate was studied, (ii) blind condition without packaging, in which the organoleptic quality of each chocolate was determined using the sensory quality index, (iii) and the reported condition, evaluated the combined effect (first and second phase) determining the level of satisfaction, tastes, and preferences to finally measure the degree of incidence of the packaging design of the chocolates on the organoleptic quality in the four brands using Spearman's Correlation Coefficient. The degree of incidence between the design and the organoleptic quality with the highest significance was in the Palerca chocolate in the factors of; innovation in the shape of the packaging and the aroma of the chocolate (r= 0.6503), warmth in the color concerning the flavor of the chocolate (r= 0.6289), and the quality factor in the function of the color and aroma of the chocolate (r= 0.6163).

This study analyzes the evolution of rural welfare vulnerability among agricultural households in Peru under the influence of extreme climate events, particularly those associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The research employs a Socio-Climatic Vulnerability Index (SCVI) constructed from microdata of the National Household Survey (ENAHO) covering the period 2000–2018. Using a longitudinal and territorial perspective, the study evaluates how climate shocks affect household welfare dynamics across Peru’s major geographic regions. The results show that extreme weather events systematically increase rural vulnerability in the years they occur, followed by partial recovery in subsequent periods, indicating temporary but recurrent welfare disruptions. Significant regional heterogeneity is observed. Coastal departments exhibit increasing vulnerability linked to hydro-meteorological exposure and rapid territorial expansion. The Andean region shows the highest and most volatile vulnerability levels due to geographic isolation, infrastructure constraints, and persistent socioeconomic inequalities. Amazonian regions present relatively lower initial vulnerability but display gradual increases associated with climate variability and limited connectivity. Decomposition of the SCVI reveals that improvements in demographic and educational conditions contribute positively to resilience, whereas the productive-economic dimension remains highly sensitive to climatic shocks. Although agricultural households demonstrate adaptive responses and coping strategies, structural gaps hinder full welfare recovery. These findings highlight the need for territorially differentiated climate adaptation policies that strengthen human capital, diversify rural livelihoods, and improve institutional support to enhance long-term resilience in vulnerable rural communities.