For the rotor, achieving relatively high aerodynamic performance in specific wind conditions is a long-term goal. Inspired by the remarkable flight characteristics of owls, an optimal trailing edge serration design is investigated and proposed for a wind turbine rotor blade. Fluid flow interaction with the proposed serrations is explored for different wind conditions. The result is supported by subsequent validation with three-dimensional numerical tools. The present work employs a statistical-numerical method to predict and optimize the shape of the serrations for maximum aerodynamic improvement. The optimal combination is found using the Taguchi method with three factors: Amplitude, wavelength, and serration thickness. The viability of the solution on an application is assessed using the Weibull distribution of wind in three selected regions. Results show that the presence of serration is capable of improving the annual power generation in all the investigated cities by up to 12%. The rated speed is also shifted from 10 m/s to 8 m/s for most configurations. Additionally, all configurations show similar trends for the instantaneous torque, where an increase is observed in pre-rated speed, whereas a decrease is noticed in the post-rated speed region. A look at the flow field pattern for the optimal design in comparison with the clean blade shows that the modified blade is able to generate more lift in the pre-stall region, while for the post-stall region, early separation and increased wake dominate the flow.

The global shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) has necessitated a paradigm shift in engineering education, emphasizing hands-on experiences and innovative learning approaches. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the design and fabrication process of an educational EV prototype, highlighting its significance in preparing future engineers for the rapidly evolving EV industry. The article delves into the historical development and recent trends in EVs, providing context for the growing importance of practical skills in this field. A detailed examination of the key components and systems in modern EVs, such as battery packs, electric motors, transmission systems, and chassis design, lays the foundation for understanding the complexities involved in EV prototype development. The methodology section explores the research approach, conceptual design, simulations, material selection, and construction techniques employed in the creation of an educational EV prototype. The evaluation and testing phase assesses the prototype’s performance, safety, and reliability, offering valuable insights into the lessons learned and areas for improvement. The impact of such projects on engineering education is discussed, emphasizing the importance of hands-on learning experiences and interdisciplinary collaboration in preparing students for future careers in the EV industry. The article concludes by addressing common challenges faced during EV prototype projects and providing recommendations for future educational initiatives in this field.

The range of entanglement in quantum dots, under the effect of the Coulomb interaction and the system's size, is investigated. As ququart systems, naturally described by the Fermi-Hubbard model, we show that quantum dots supply long-range entanglement up to the third neighbor. In conjunction with that and using the lower bound of concurrence, we show that the Coulomb interaction can be adjusted to create and increase entanglement between distant parties as well. A rigorous description of the pairs is given in terms of a local half-filled state associated with each pair with an electron number $N=2$ and a spin $S=0$. A thorough study of this state provides a proper explanation related to the pairwise entanglement, namely, its amount and its behavior under the effect of the Coulomb interaction together with the system's size. In addition, we show that the confinement state of quantum dots is genuinely four-partite entangled with a maximum amount for the smallest size $L=4$.

Aluminum lithium (Al-Li) alloys have attracted attention for military applications and aeronautic industry because of their properties especially low density compared to conventional aluminum alloys, the excellent characteristics that are attributed to the lithium addition, and to the different types of precipitations that have a radical effect on mechanical properties of Al-Li alloys. The 3rd generation of Al–Li alloys has been improved to reduce the defects of previous generations by combining the density reduction with high strength. This paper provides a review on the third generation of Al-Li alloys and its applications, the different types of precipitations, heat treatments and their influence on mechanical properties and grain refinement. Most early studies that have been realized by researchers over the last few years on aluminum lithium alloys for additive manufacturing are also reviewed in this paper.