Introducción: El uso inapropiado de antibióticos en unidades de cuidados intensivos conlleva riesgos como el aumento de infecciones causadas por bacterias multiresistentes y reacciones adversas. La estrategia de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, denominada Acceso, Vigilancia y Reserva, tiene como objetivo mitigar estos riesgos al clasificar los antibióticos en estas categorías. Objetivo: Caracterizar el consumo de antibióticos en la población adulta de las unidades de cuidados intensivos durante el primer trimestre de 2023. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis bivariado y multivariado con regresión logística. Resultados: Se estudiaron 807 pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos, con una edad media de 60 años. El antibiótico más prescrito fue Piperacilina/Tazobactam. En la clasificación de Acceso, Vigilancia y Reserva, el 77.96% de las prescripciones fueron Vigilancia, el 11.29% Reserva y el 10.75% Acceso. Discusión: El uso de antibióticos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos es crucial para el manejo de pacientes críticamente enfermos. Nuestro estudio se centra en los desafíos de la selección de antibióticos, el manejo de complicaciones y enfatiza la administración para una terapia óptima y una reducción de la resistencia. Conclusión: Es crucial realizar un estudio de intervención que demuestre cómo aumentar la interacción entre el equipo de administración de antimicrobianos durante la prescripción puede mejorar su uso, reducir los efectos secundarios y disminuir los costos innecesarios.

Introduction: Bactibilia frequently complicates biliary obstruction, especially in malignant cases with drainage, and is associated with antimicrobial resistance, thereby posing significant therapeutic challenges. This study characterized the microbiological and clinical profiles, antibiotic resistance patterns, and associated risk factors in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery in Colombia. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study on 95 patients with positive bacterial cultures following surgery. The analysis included clinical and microbiological variables. For analytical purposes, patients were stratified into two groups: those with PBD and those without, allowing for the assessment of clinical and microbiological differences between the cohorts. We used chi-square tests, Student’s t-tests, Mann–Whitney tests, and logistic regression. Results: Of the 95 patients, 61.05% were men, with a median age of 67 years. Preoperative exposure to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was significantly higher in patients with biliary pancreatitis (73.47%; p=0.001). Escherichia coli exhibited high resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (74.29%) and ciprofloxacin (59.46%), while piperacillin/tazobactam (89.74%). Resistance to meropenem was notably associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR: 9.55; 95% confidence Interval [CI], 1.12–80.9; P=0.038) and longer ICU stay (OR: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00–1.24; P=0.038). Discussion: This study reveals significant antibiotic resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, especially in patients with preoperative biliary drainage. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring antibiotic prophylaxis based on preoperative cultures to effectively address antibiotic resistance in hepatobiliary surgery.

Invasive fungal infections are frequent complications in patients with hematologic malignancies due to immunosuppression and intensive treatments. In Colombia, limited diagnostic availability, heterogeneous prescribing practices, and emerging antifungal resistance highlight the need for optimized use. We evaluated an interdisciplinary antifungal stewardship intervention in the hematology unit of a tertiary-care hospital. A quasi-experimental before-and-after study included 353 hospitalized patients receiving systemic antifungals between 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2024 (1154 prescriptions). Following the intervention, antifungal prescribing shifted toward increased prophylaxis and reduced therapeutic use, with substantial reduction in prophylactic Amphotericin B dosing, stable treatment dosing, and selective changes in agent choice, including decreased voriconazole and discontinuation of some broad-spectrum drugs. Microbiological sampling decreased, reflecting a more targeted diagnostic approach rather than improved documentation. Antifungal consumption patterns showed redistribution among agents rather than uniform reduction. Prophylaxis-related costs increased, while treatment-related costs decreased without statistical significance. ICU admissions and in-hospital mortality remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that structured antifungal stewardship programs are feasible and safe in hematology units in middle-income settings, supporting more rational antifungal use without compromising patient outcomes.