In order to solve poor coordination between the exoskeleton and the human leg, this article analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of lower limb motion using data collection from human walking gait experiments. According to the macro- and micro-motion mechanisms of the knee joint, six knee exoskeleton configurations were proposed. Combined with the analysis of gait characteristics, mathematical models for lower limb kinematics and dynamics were established and verified with numerical simulation. Using human–machine coupling simulation experiments, different knee exoskeleton devices were simulated for wear, and a configuration of the exoskeleton mechanism compatible with human knee motion was selected, which improved human–machine adaptability and coordination. This study provides a new method for studying adaptive knee exoskeletons.

In order to reduce the energy consumption of human daily movement without providing additional power, we considered the biomechanical behavior of the knee during external impedance interactions. Based on the theory of human sports biomechanics, combined with the requirements of human–machine coupling motion consistency and coordination, an unpowered exoskeleton-assisted device for the knee joint is proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of this assisted device was verified using gait experiments and distributed plantar pressure tests with three modes: “not wearing exoskeleton” (No exo.), “wearing exoskeleton with assistance “ (Exo. On), and “wearing exoskeleton without assistance” (Exo. Off). The experimental results indicate that (1) This device can effectively enhance the function of the knee, increasing the range of knee movement by 3.72% (p < 0.001). (2) In the early stages of the lower limb swing, this device reduces the activity of muscles in relation to the knee flexion, such as the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and soleus muscles. (3) For the first time, it was found that the movement length of the plantar pressure center was reduced by 6.57% (p = 0.027). This basic principle can be applied to assist the in-depth development of wearable devices.

This study proposes a CLT-grounded, three-tier interactive annotation model to mitigate cognitive overload and enhance knowledge acquisition in cultural-heritage serious games. Using the Shimao Ruins virtual platform, we evaluated behavior logs (interaction frequency, completion time), knowledge tests (immediate/delayed), and user feedback. The experimental group outperformed the control group in short-term recall (84.7% vs 64.6%) and long-term retention (72.3% vs 54.1%). Regression showed interaction frequency positively predicted learning (β = 0.87, p < 0.001), whereas task duration negatively correlated with performance (β = −0.29, p = 0.028). The model reduces extraneous load while fostering germane processing through progressive tasks and information granularity. Results support broader applicability and point to future directions in mobile AR/VR integration and adaptive difficulty for real-time load regulation.

This study established a subjective-objective combination of emotional demands and an experimental research approach to address the hurdles to smart device use in the elderly caused by deterioration in their perceptual abilities. We used a neck massager as the research object. This product is a regularly used item for the elderly to alleviate neck soreness, but the experience is unsatisfactory in terms of human-computer interfaces, such as button usage. (1) Proposing to analyze product user needs from an emotional perspective, this study designed and implemented visual-tactile perception experiments involving 12 elderly users, including experiments on button shape, button size, button spacing, button material, button texture, and product material. The impact of button specifications and product materials on elderly users' emotional preferences was objectively investigated by evaluating the α- and β-band power characteristics of the participants' electroencephalography frontal lobe electrodes (F_P1, F_P2, F₃, F₄) and central zone electrodes (F_PZ, F_Z). (2) Aging-friendly design suggestions for smart products were proposed, and neck massage for the elderly was designed. The findings indicate that the button parameters of round shape, 15 mm diameter, 4.6 mm pitch, and 1 mm depth of concave pattern, as well as the product contact surface material of velvet, are ideal. This study offers a scientific approach to product design and a design reference for aging comparable products in terms of button specifications and material selection.

Female patients suffer from the risk of upper limb lymphedema after breast cancer removal surgery. At present, the detection and the adjuvant treatment of this disease are not convenient enough, leading to delay of the disease and increase in the burden of patients. This paper presents a portable monitoring and treatment device for upper extremity lymphedema, enabling patients to monitor the symptoms of upper limb lymphedema and auxiliary rehabilitation. This design utilizes the arm circumference measurement and contrast method to realize symptom monitoring. The device realizes auxiliary rehabilitation using the regional pressure method to imitate traditional manual lymphatic drainage technology. According to the MRI images of volunteers’ upper limbs, the upper arm and forearm’s finite element models are reconstructed in ANSYS. The static simulation experiment is completed. The working mode and parameter design of each rehabilitation module of the device are obtained. The experimental results show that the integrated design principle of monitoring and treatment proposed in this paper has good feasibility, has auxiliary rehabilitation effect, and meets the principle of human comfort. The device can help patients find lymphedema in time and implement auxiliary treatment, which can effectively avoid the further deterioration of lymphedema.

In industrial and logistics settings, the use of soft and rigid spinal exoskeletons has been increasing. However, under a unified assistance level and comparable work scenarios, systematic comparisons of their effects on users’ thermophysiological responses and subjective thermal perceptions remain limited. Twenty male participants performed manual handling tasks under three load conditions (5, 10, and 15 kg) in three experimental conditions: without the exoskeleton (WEXO), a rigid exoskeleton (REXO), and a soft exoskeleton (SEXO). Metabolic rate, mean skin temperature (MST), thermal comfort vote (TCV), and thermal sensation vote (TSV) were measured. The key findings are as follows: Compared with WEXO, both exoskeletons significantly reduced metabolic rate. Across all loads, SEXO yielded a lower metabolic rate than REXO and showed a more gradual linear increase as the load increased, whereas REXO exhibited a larger rise at 15 kg. Overall, MST was higher in REXO than in SEXO. Wearing an exoskeleton was often associated with increased skin temperature at 5–10 kg, yet MST decreased for both exoskeletons at 15 kg. Subjective ratings further indicated better TCV and TSV with SEXO than with REXO, with the difference more pronounced under higher loads. Taken together, under the conditions of this study, the soft exoskeleton appears to better balance assistive benefits and thermal comfort. Nevertheless, its heat transfer and heat dissipation performance should be further optimized in future designs.