Background. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a species of great importance in Peru due to its high nutritional value, wide diversity, and its significant contribution to the economic income of thousands of families involved in the production of this crop. Objective. To characterize the agromorphological diversity of 50 common bean accessions from Peru. Methodology. 21 qualitative and 17 quantitative traits were evaluated using descriptive analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, analysis of variance, Scott-Knott test, principal components analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical clustering analysis using Euclidean distance and the Ward method. Results. The multiple correspondence analysis revealed greater diversity in the qualitative traits of the predominant color of the wings, the standard leaf blade, green pod color, as well as the predominant seed shape and primary seed color. In the quantitative traits, the following were observed: hypocotyl length, epicotyl length, pod width, pod apex length, days to flowering, 100-seed weight, and yield. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive correlations for pod length and width, seed length and width, and 100-seed weight. Principal components analysis indicated that the first two dimensions explained 47.6 % of the total variance, and five hierarchical groups were established. Implications. Describing the agromorphological diversity of common bean contributes to the knowledge of this species in Peru, which is essential for establishing mechanisms for its preservation. Conclusions. The diversity of common bean in Peru is notably explained by the variability of qualitative and quantitative traits, influenced mainly by its geographical origin, with accession PER013004 standing out for its productivity and early flowering.

Background: Pallar (Phaseolus lunatus) is a grain legume of great socioeconomic importance in Peru, which has been domesticated in the past by pre-Hispanic cultures. Objective: Carry out the agromorphological characterization of 36 accessions from the Pallar National Collection of the Germplasm Bank of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (Peru). Methodology: 16 qualitative characters and 10 quantitative characters were compared using descriptive analysis, ANOVA and Scott Knott test, correlation, principal components and hierarchical grouping. Results: There was a positive correlation between the length of the main stem and the average number of mature pods per plant, average number of seeds per plant, average weight of seeds per plant and average weight of seeds; Likewise, a negative correlation was found between the number of locules per mature pod and the length and average weight of the seeds. Implications: The agromorphological characterization of the pallar is necessary for the conservation of genetic resources originating in Peru. Conclusions: Phenotypic variability was found among the Pallar accessions; Thus, the existence of three groups was established among the accessions in relation to quantitative characters, highlighting the high values of average number of seeds per plant, seed thickness, number of locules per mature pod, length of the main stem and average number of seeds. mature pods per plant. The promising accession was 14ac with respect to the highest average number of mature pods, average number of seeds and average weight of seeds per plant.

El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es una de las leguminosas más cultivadas a nivel mundial por su alto valor nutricional y papel en la seguridad alimentaria. En el Perú, su producción en el valle de Chincha es vital para pequeños y medianos agricultores, siendo una fuente clave de ingresos. Sin embargo, su productividad depende de factores agroclimáticos y genéticos. Este estudio evaluó el desempeño de nueve líneas de frijol en el valle de Chincha para identificar materiales con mayor potencial productivo. Se empleó un Diseño en Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con 14 variables evaluadas, aplicándose análisis estadísticos como ANOVA, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y agrupamiento jerárquico. El ACP explicó el 40 % de la variabilidad total en las dos primeras dimensiones. La primera (23,3 %) estuvo asociada a componentes de rendimiento, mientras que la segunda (16,7 %) se relacionó con la fenología, peso de 100 granos y longitud de vaina. El peso de 100 granos presentó correlación positiva con el largo de vaina (r=0,80) y negativa con los días a madurez de cosecha (r=-0,56). Can D8120 y Arbolito (clúster A) fueron las líneas más productivas (1402,75 y 1511,00 kg·ha⁻¹), con peso intermedio de 100 granos (49,30-51,70 g). Larán Mejorado (clúster B) destacó por su mayor tamaño de grano y rendimiento intermedio. Estos hallazgos son clave para la selección de líneas con alto potencial productivo y su incorporación en programas de fitomejoramiento.

Today’s wine and Pisco grape production in Peru is largely dominated by a reduced number of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) varieties. However, Peru is home to a high number of lesser‐known local varieties that are still present in traditional vineyards and/or preserved in national or regional grapevine collections, of interest to diversify the local industry. Here, we analyzed 121 grapevine accessions preserved in the ampelographic collection of the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA‐EEA) at Chincha (Ica, Peru), using a combined SNP and SSR genetic profiling strategy for their molecular characterization and identification. This approach led to the differentiation of 45 different grapevine genetic profiles, 40 of them corresponding to already catalogued table and wine grape varieties of diverse geographic origin. Interestingly, we found five grapevines with genetic profiles not registered before. Some of them were found to be descendants of Listán Prieto and/or Muscat of Alexandria, increasing the known role of these two varieties as founders of the Criolla varieties, the autochthonous South American grapevine germplasm. A predominance of the varieties Listán Prieto and Quebranta was also observed, as they were found to be preserved multiple times in the INIA‐EEA Grapevine Collection under different local synonyms. Strikingly, the phenotypic description of different accessions matching the genotypes of these two relevant varieties showed a high degree of phenotypic diversity, including the identification of novel berry‐color and Muscat‐flavored somatic variants that might have a direct impact toward local grape industry diversification. These findings underline the importance of the local genetic resources preserved at the INIA‐EEA Grapevine Collection for grapevine improvement. Registering the newly identified varieties and somatic variants with novel traits of interest would represent a crucial first step toward making this plant material available to local grape growers, ultimately promoting the diversification of the Peruvian grape, wine, and Pisco industries.

Background: The pallar (bean) is the second most representative species of the Phaseolus genus, with the departments of Ica and Lambayeque being the regions with the highest concentration of its cultivation. Thus, there is great cultural and historical interest in the Moche pallar (bean). Remains of the pallar (bean) have been found in caves and on Moche ceramics. These pallars are characterized by the perfect duality of the seed's black and white color. Objective: To carry out the agromorphological characterization through 15 qualitative descriptors and 12 quantitative descriptors; and to historically analyze the importance of the Moche pallar. Methodology: During the months of May to December 2023, an agromorphological characterization was carried out on 10 Moche pallar plants. Descriptive statistical analysis, means, standard error, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were used. For the historical analysis, a systematic review was carried out to understand the history and the various interpretations of the seed color of the Moche pallar. Results: The Moche pallar belongs to the Big Lima cultigroup with black and white seeds, whose pods presented 3.50 locules and measured 120.36 mm in length and 16.10 mm in width; and the seeds reached a length of 24.33 mm and a width of 14.46 mm with a mass of 1.22 g; while the average number of pods per plant was 382.22 and the average seed mass was 1123.43 g; and the historical analysis highlighted the importance for the Mochica culture of the combination of black and white in the seed tegument. Implications: The agromorphological characterization of the pallar contributes to the conservation of biodiversity and the historical analysis provides important information that will allow the valorization of this ancestral pallar. Conclusions: The agromorphological characterization of the Moche lima bean allowed for the identification of qualitative and quantitative descriptors, which would facilitate its dissemination and conservation in Peru; while the historical analysis revealed the significance of the combination of the white and black colors of its integument.

La Uvina es una de las ocho variedades de uva permitidas para la elaboración del Pisco en el Perú y forma parte del patrimonio cultural del país. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado ampliamente el efecto de los portainjertos sobre sus propiedades. Se evaluó la influencia de diferentes portainjertos en las características morfo-productivas de Uvina del Banco de Germoplasma del INIA, considerando catorce caracteres cualitativos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, ANOVA con comparación de medias mediante la prueba de Tukey (P < 0,05) y, para pruebas no paramétricas, el test de Kruskal-Wallis con post hoc de Holm (P < 0,05), además de análisis de correlación de Pearson y componentes principales. Los resultados evidenciaron que los portainjertos Salt Creek y 5BB sobresalieron por presentar el mayor número y masa de racimos por planta, así como mayor largo de entrenudos y masa de sarmientos. Paulsen mostró un desempeño intermedio, mientras que MGT registró los valores más bajos en la mayoría de las variables analizadas, con excepción del contenido de sólidos solubles totales, parámetro en el que superó a los demás. Se concluye que los portainjertos influyeron significativamente en las características morfo-productivas de la Uvina.