This study was conducted to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on strength, flexibility, speed and balance in young basketball players. 10 volunteers from the 16 year old male basketball team of Pınar Karsiyaka Sports Club participated in the study. The average age of the athletes is 16 ± 0,0 (year) and the average of the height is 188 ± 0,08 (cm). The study consists of three parts. On the first day, dynamic stretching exercises were performed on the second day and static stretching exercises and performance tests were performed on the third day without performing any exercise. Applied performance tests were hand grip strength, back-leg strength, sit-in flexibility test, 20 m. Sprint test and flamingo balance test. The obtained data were analyzed with the variance analysis (ANOVA test) in the repeated measures using the SPSS 23.0 package program. As a result of the study, the flexibility of the static and dynamic stretching exercises in the data obtained, the difference in the left handed claw strength and the speed of the dynamic stretching exercises were significant (p 0.05). As a result, it can be said that static and dynamic stretching exercises have a positive effect on flexibility, strength and speed. ÖzetBu çalışma genç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin kuvvet, esneklik, sürat ve denge üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Pınar Karşıyaka Spor Kulübünün 16 yaş erkek basketbol takımından 10 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sporcuların yaş ortalamaları 16±0,0 (yıl), boy ortalamaları 188±0,08 (cm)’dir. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci gün herhangi bir egzersiz uygulanmadan, ikinci gün dinamik germe egzersizleri ve üçüncü gün statik germe egzersizleri ile performans testleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan performans testleri sırasıyla el kavrama kuvveti, sırt-bacak kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik testi, 20 m. sprint testi ve flamingo denge testinden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 paket programı kullanılarak tekrarlı ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi (Anova Testi) ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerde statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esnekliğe, dinamik germe egzersizlerinin sol el pençe kuvveti ve sürat üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık meydana gelmiştir (p0.05). Sonuç olarak, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esneklik, kuvvet ve sürat üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.

Exercise plays an important role in variables that involve concern about individuals' physical appearance. Therefore, the effect of sedentary women between the ages of 25-35 on the effects of the exercises they participated for recreational purposes on the levels of social physics anxiety was the aim of the study. 65 sedentary women participated in the study voluntarily. Pilates group (PG, n=20), Fitness group (FG, n=23) and control group (CG, n=25) were divided into three groups. PG and FG perform the exercise 3 days a week for 3 months. The control group did not perform any exercise. Statistics were performed by using SPSS package program. Conformity of data to a normal distribution was evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean and as standard deviation. Paired-t-test was used for the pre-test and used the post-test comparison of the data, while Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for intergroup comparisons, and Unpaired t-test was used to determine to originate on which group was the difference. Accordingly, after 3 months of an exercise, there was a significant difference between body weight, body mass index and pre-end values of social physique anxiety (SPA) in PG and FG (p <0.05). Pair-wise comparisons, this resultant difference was between exercise groups and the control group (p <0.05). As a result, it is possible to mention the positive effects of recreational exercises in social physics anxiety.

Objectives: Regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular health. The aim of this research is to look at the impact of two separate resistance training programs on blood biomarkers that are associated with the early detection of cardiac risk. Methods: Forty-five male participants (mean 41 years) were randomly divided into three groups: The low-intensity resistance exercise group (LIEG), the moderate-intensity resistance exercise group (MIEG), and the control group (CG). The programs were implemented three times a week and in two sets. MIEG consisted of 8–10 repeats at 70–80% density of one repetition maximum load (1RM), while LIEG consisted of 15–17 repeats at 50–60% density of 1RM. CG did not participate in any exercise program. Two-factor mixed-design ANOVA assessed the data. Results: Before, fourth week, and after the exercise program in repeated measurements, there was a significant decrease in body mass (−1.7%), body mass index (−1.7%), apelin (−44%), and pentraxin 3 (−39%) levels in MIEG (p < 0.05). Additionally, our study noted a decrease in pentraxin 3 (−25%, p < 0.05) and interleukin 6 (−21%) levels, while there was an increase in creatine kinase (18%), and lactate dehydrogenase (7.4%) levels in LIEG. Strength levels improved significantly in exercise groups. Conclusions: Eight weeks of moderate-resistance training can potentially reduce the cardiovascular risk in healthy men.

Short Communications: Apelin, pentraxin3 (PTX3), and interleukin6 (IL6) parameters are known as inflammation markers and found to be related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) on ER stress-related markers in young athletes. Objectives and Methods: ER stress and DOMS-related blood markers, maximal strength level, and rate of perceived exertion using the visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed before, immediately after, 24, 48, and 72 h after the muscle damage protocol. Results: IL6 peaked 24 h after while creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme levels reached their peaks at 72 h after the protocol. The level of apelin continued to increase throughout the four measurements, and PTX3 peaked at 24 h, and then declined to the levels before the protocol but the differences were not significant. The significant decrease in the strength and the significant increase in VAS continued 48 h after the protocol. Conclusion: ER is activated and ER stress occurred, due to increases in IL6, PTX3 and apelin levels after the test protocol concluded that a single vigorous eccentric exercise should be avoided in harmful effect on health as parallel with Physical Activity Guidelines.

Sporda sahip olunan performansın en iyi şekilde sergilenebilmesinde dikkat ve karar verme stratejileri önemli rol oynayan iki unsurdur. Bu nedenle raket sporları ile uğraşan üniversite öğrencilerinin 12 haftalık antrenman programının dikkat düzeyleri üzerine etkisi çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya Araştırmaya 18-25 yaş arasında olan 70 katılımcı gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Gönüllüler masa tenisi grubu (MTG, n=25), badminton grubu (BG, n=23) ve tenis grubu (TG, n=22) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. katılımcılara 12 haftanın öncesinde ve sonrasında dikkat testi uygulandı. Tüm gruplara 12 hafta boyunca haftanın 3 günü egzersiz programı uygulandı. Çıkan sonuçlar SPSS paket programı ile analiz edildi. Buna göre üç grubunda ön test – son test verileri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardır (p0.05). Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada uygulanan 12 haftalık egzersiz programının dikkat üzerine olumlu etkisinden söz etmek mümkündür.

Objective: The relationship between exercise and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, insulin resistance, and obesity is a new field of research. To our knowledge, there are no studies examining the effects of walking exercises on ER stress related markers and insulin resistance in pre-menopausal women. To examine the effect of two different eight-week walking programs on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Fetuin-A (α2 - Heremans Schmid glycoprotein), c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) and retinol- binding protein-4 (RBP-4), the related markers of ER stress and insulin resistance in pre-menopausal women. Methods: Exercise groups (moderate tempo walking group; MTWG; n=11; brisk walking group BWG; n=12) walked five days a week, starting from 30 minutes, gradually increasing up to 51 minutes. BWG walked at ~70-75% and MTWG at ~50-55 of HRRmax. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%), VO _2max , serum TNF-α, Fetuin-A, JNK-1, RPB-4, blood lipids, and insulin resistance levels were determined before and after the intervention. Results: VO _2max increased in both exercise groups favoring BWG; RBP-4 decreased in both exercise groups (p<0.05). Serum TNF-α and, TG (p<0.05), BMI and percent body fat (p<0.01), and insulin levels reduced significantly in BWG (p<0.05). The reductions observed in both exercise groups in insulin resistance, and the increases determined in the negative levels of JNK-1 in BWG may be clinically important. Conclusion: Both type of walking resulted in similar positive effects on RBP-4. The reduction observed in TNF-α, RBP-4, and the increases in the negative levels of JNK-1 in BWG show the positive effects of brisk walking on ER stress. The reduction in insulin resistance in relation to the possible reductions in ER stress and apoptosis in BWG may be more effective to prevent metabolic diseases.