Purpose. The article is dedicated to the informational analysis of the geological-genetic systematization of all known porphyry copper mineralization sites within the territory of Eastern Kazakhstan, with a focus on refining their structural and chronological position, magmatic association, material composition of the mineralization, and its zonality. Methods. A prospective assessment of porphyry copper deposits is considered within four structural-formational zones (SFZs) – Rudny Altai, Zharma-Saur, Chingiz-Tarbagatai, and Dzungaro-Balkhash, where various types of porphyry mineralization are documented. During the desk study phase, an informational analysis was conducted, which involved collecting, summarizing, and analyzing archival, fund, and literature data on all known porphyry-type occurrences recorded since the previous century within the aforementioned SFZs. The compilation and analysis of geological, geophysical, and geochemical data were based on reports from prospecting and evaluation studies conducted in the study area. Findings. The informational analysis allowed for the specification of prospecting and evaluation criteria, classification of the mineralization with comparison to global analogs, and refinement of the mineralization scale. Based on this, objects with potential for industrially significant mineralization were identified. A thorough review of archival data led to the creation of a geological database covering 23 major occurrences, each with its respective evaluation. Originality. The study results indicate that despite the generally low ore grades in these deposits, their reserves, compared to other industrial copper deposit types (volcanogenic massive sulfide, skarn, and vein-type), are exceptionally large. This makes them economically viable for open-pit mining. Moreover, the low cost of open-pit copper extraction and the complex nature of the ores explain the industry’s interest in this deposit type as a primary copper source, both at present and in the future. Practical implications. The study provides an assessment of the practical significance of molybdenum-copper porphyry and gold-copper-polymetallic porphyry-type deposits. These findings serve as a foundation for decision-making regarding further exploration of porphyry occurrences in Eastern Kazakhstan.

Purpose. Study on the chemical composition of lake waters, salt brines, brine and bottom sediments to identify the mineralization of rare metals and other types of minerals. Methodology. Mass spectrometric studies (mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ICP-MS 7500cx from AgilentTechnologies) for the purpose of high-precision analytical studies on the chemical composition of salt lake water in order to assess the content of rare elements. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for linking and geometrizing lakes. Findings. Field surveys on the geometrization and linking of lakes were carried out. From the materials obtained with the help of the drone, orthophotoplans were created (with a measurement accuracy of up to 1 centimeter), as well as a digital terrain model and a digital terrain model. A complex of analytical works was carried out using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. When analyzing the distribution graphs of the absolute content of micro-components in the waters of the lakes of the Delbegeteysky massif, it was found that all samples were enriched with sodium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and barium. The results of the analyses revealed the predominance of sulfates and chlorides in the composition of the surface waters of most of the water bodies of the Delbegeteysky massif. At the Burabai site, lake waters are characterized by an alkaline reaction of the environment (on average = 8.71). At the same time, the salinity of water bodies varies from 05 to 9 g/dm3. Originality. Large-scale outcrops of granites of the Kalba complex (P1), with which a rare-metal type of mineralization is genetically associated, are known to be on the selected study sites. Quartz-wire-greisen and quartz-wire tin, tin-tungsten and tungsten formations are also widely developed. Considering the large geochemical migration ability of rare alkaline elements in the thickness of loose sediments as a result of intensive geodynamic processes in the East Kazakhstan region, it is possible to assume the possibility of their migration to the upper horizons and accumulation in salt lakes localized within the area of development of granite intrusions of Permian age and associated deep tectonic faults. Practical value. The results of the research can serve as a revival of the rare metal industry in the region, which will allow developing new high-tech industries and creating new jobs in this area. The obtained results can be used for setting up further exploration and operational work on the selected promising areas.

This study investigates the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical features of the Alday ore occurrence (Central Kalba, East Kazakhstan) and aims to identify indicators of rare-metal mineralization, with lithium considered to be one of its principal components. In this study, the structural–stratigraphic position of the occurrence is refined; three series of albite–spodumene pegmatites are identified; the compositions of the ore-bearing schists and the granitoids of the Kunush and Kalba complexes are compared; and the role of metasomatic alteration in the concentration of Li, Ta, Nb, Be, and Sn is established. The plagiogranites and dikes of the Kunush complex are characterized by Li anomalies (up to 306 g/t), Ta (up to 64 g/t), and a fractionated REE spectrum (La/Yb up to 108). In addition, the following predictive criteria are formulated: the presence of tectonically disrupted dikes in the Kunush complex with Na₂O/K₂O > 4, the presence of albite and muscovite alteration zones, and the presence of ladder-type spodumene-bearing pegmatites controlled by northwest-trending faults. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar muscovite age of the Alday pegmatites (~292 Ma) aligns with the age range of the Kalba granite complex. Based on the main principles of rare-metal pegmatite generation, it is determined that the Tochka pegmatites were formed during the fluid–magmatic fractionation of magma in large granitic reservoirs of the Kalba complex. The Karagoin–Saryozek zone—located between several large granite massifs of the Kalba complex, where host rocks function as a roof—may be promising for investigating rare-metal pegmatite mineralization.

Porphyry copper deposits are one of the main sources of copper in the world and are usually associated with intrusive complexes of calc-alkaline composition formed in subduction-related geodynamic settings. Eastern Kazakhstan is characterized by the presence of a number of large porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits, but the metallogenic potential of many intrusive complexes in the region remains insufficiently studied. This paper presents new geological, mineralogical, and geochemical data on the Bala-Urpek deposit, located within the Sarykol intrusive complex (Eastern Kazakhstan), aimed at identifying diagnostic criteria for porphyry copper mineralization. The present study is based on field geological observations, petrographic analysis, and whole-rock geochemical data obtained by XRF and ICP-MS. Intrusive ore-bearing rocks are mainly represented by granitoids of the calc-alkaline series with I-type geochemical characteristics. Mineralogical studies have revealed veinlet-disseminated sulphide mineralisation, represented mainly by chalcopyrite and pyrite, as well as the development of hydrothermal alteration associations typical of porphyry systems. The geochemical characteristics of the rocks, including enrichment with large-ion lithophile elements and depletion with high-charge elements, indicate the subduction nature of magmatism. The combination of the data obtained allows us to identify geological, mineralogical and geochemical criteria characteristic of copper-porphyry systems and indicates the potential of the Bala-Urpek deposit area and the associated apophyses of the Sarykol complex for further exploration and prospecting.

Қазақстанның Арал өңіріндегі сорлармен, тұзды көлдермен және жерасты суларымен байланысты литийлі гидроминералдық объектілерге салыстырмалы шолу жасалды. Негізгі назар сор рапаларындағы, рассолдардағы, сондай-ақ әртүрлі тереңдіктерден алынған грунт үлгілеріндегі литий концентрациясына аударылды. Аталған аймақта литийдің өнеркәсіптік концентрациясы тек сорлармен ғана байланысты екендігі анықталды, ал өздігінен ағатын ұңғымалардың жерасты сулары литийдің кларктық мазмұнымен сипатталады. Ең перспективалы объектілер ретінде Момышкөл соры (рападағы Li – 53,976 мг/л), Жақсықылыш көлі (11,01 мг/л) және Бірітабан Қарасу урочищесіндегі атаусыз сор (13,062 мг/л) айқындалды. Рассолдардағы литийдің жинақталуының ионалмасу механизмі туралы – сыйыстырушы саздақ жыныстардан шайылып шығу есебінен – болжам ұсынылды A comparative review of lithium-bearing hydromineral objects of the Aral Sea region (Kazakhstan) associated with salt marshes, salt lakes and groundwater was carried out. It focuses on lithium concentrations in brines and brines of salt marshes, as well as in soils at various extraction depths. It has been established that industrial concentrations of lithium in this region are associated exclusively with salt marshes, while groundwater from self-overflowing wells is characterized by clark content. The most promising objects are the Momyshkol salt marsh (53.976 mg/l Li in rapa), Lake Zhaksykylysh (11.01 mg/l) and the unnamed salt marsh of the Birtaban Karasu tract (13.062 mg/l). A hypothesis has been put forward about the ion exchange mechanism of lithium accumulation in brines due to leaching from the host clayey rocks Проведен сравнительный обзор литиеносных гидроминеральных объектов Приаралья (Казахстан), связанных с солончаками, солеными озерами и подземными водами. Основное внимание уделено концентрациям лития в рапах и рассолах солончаков, а также в грунтах на различных глубинах отбора. Установлено, что промышленные концентрации лития в данном регионе ассоциируются исключительно с солончаками, тогда как подземные воды самоизливающихся скважин характеризуются кларковыми содержаниями. Наиболее перспективными объектами определены солончак Момышколь (53,976 мг/л Li в рапе), озеро Жаксыкылыш (11,01 мг/л) и безымянный солончак урочища Биртабан Карасу (13,062 мг/л). Выдвинута гипотеза об ионообменном механизме накопления лития в рассолах за счет вымывания из вмещающих глинистых пород

Бұл мақалада авторлар Шығыс Қазақстан облысы, Күршім ауданының Бурабай массивіндегі көлдердің жер үсті суларының химиялық құрамын қарастырды. Гидрографиялық желінің үлкен ұзындығы және аумақтың тығыздығы көптеген зерттеушілердің назарын аударады. Су объектілерінің химиялық құрамын қалыптастыру шарттары көптеген табиғи факторларға байланысты (климаттық ерекшеліктер, рельефтің ерекшеліктері, су алмасудың қарқындылығы, геохимиялық ортаның сипаты және т. б.). Өнеркәсіптің осы топтағы металдарды тұтынуы жыл сайын артып келеді, ал өндіріс жоқ, яғни сұраныс ұсыныстан асып түседі, ал кейбір жағдайларда бірнеше есе көп. Масс-спектрометриялық зерттеулер тұзды көлдердегі судың химиялық құрамы бойынша, ең алдымен сілтілі (Li, Rb, Cs), сондай-ақ басқа элементтердің құрамын бағалау мақсатында жоғары дәлдікті аналитикалық зерттеулер жүргізуге мүмкіндік береді. В данной статье авторами рассмотрен химический состав поверхностных вод озер в пределах Бурабайского массива Курчумского района Восточно-Казахстанской области. Большая протяженность гидрографической сети и заозеренность территории привлекает внимание многих исследователей. Условия формирования химического состава водных объектов зависят от многих природных факторов (климатические особенности, особенности рельефа, интенсивность водообмена, характер геохимической среды и т. д.). Потребление металлов данной группы промышленностью с каждым годом возрастает, а добыча – нет, т. е. спрос превышает предложение, и в некоторых случаях во много раз. Масс-спектрометрические исследования позволяют выполнить высокоточный анализ химического состава воды соляных озер с целью оценки содержания в них, в первую очередь, редкощелочных (Li, Rb, Cs), а также других элементов. In this article, the authors considered the chemical composition of surface waters of lakes within the Burabay massif of the Kurchum district of the East Kazakhstan region. The large extent of the hydrographic network and the lake-like nature of the territory attracts the attention of many researchers. The conditions for the formation of the chemical composition of water bodies depend on many natural factors (climatic features, terrain features, the intensity of water exchange, the nature of the geochemical environment, etc.). The consumption of metals of this group by industry increases every year, but production does not, i.e. demand exceeds supply, and in some cases many times. Mass spectrometric studies allow performing high-precision analytical studies on the chemical composition of salt lake water in order to assess the content of primarily rare-alkaline (Li, Rb, Cs), as well as other elements.