Background/Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, particularly among women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests potential effects on ovulation, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the reproductive safety of GLP-1RAs, with a focus on their implications for conception, unintended pregnancy, and maternal–fetal outcomes. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and relevant bibliographic sources to identify studies published between 2020 and 2025. The search included clinical trials, observational studies, registry data, case reports, and selected preclinical evidence. Studies addressing reproductive outcomes, including ovulation, fertility, pregnancy exposure, and fetal safety, were included. Evidence was synthesized descriptively in accordance with recommended approaches for narrative reviews. Results: Available evidence indicates that GLP-1RAs may improve ovulatory function and menstrual regularity, particularly in women with obesity or polycystic ovary syndrome, potentially increasing the likelihood of conception. However, human data on pregnancy exposure remain limited. While current evidence does not consistently demonstrate a strong teratogenic signal, findings are based on small samples and heterogeneous study designs. Concerns persist regarding unintended pregnancies due to improved fertility and the absence of robust safety data during early gestation. Conclusions: GLP-1RAs present a complex clinical scenario in women of reproductive age, with potential benefits for metabolic and reproductive health but uncertain safety during pregnancy. Clinicians should exercise caution, provide appropriate contraceptive counseling, and carefully weigh the risks and benefits when prescribing these agents. Further large-scale, prospective studies are needed to clarify reproductive safety and inform evidence-based clinical guidelines.

This systematic review aimed to synthesize experimental evidence on the anticancer effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and its derivatives against colorectal cancer (CRC) cell models. Eligible studies investigated probiotics, postbiotics, or bioactive compounds derived from L. rhamnosus with an in vitro component; studies relying solely on in vivo animal models, clinical trials, or observational designs were excluded. PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified QUIN tool, and extracted data were tabulated. Owing to incomplete numerical data, meta-analysis was not feasible, and the results were synthesized accordingly. Seventeen studies were included. L. rhamnosus and its derivatives reduced CRC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest. Reported mechanisms included upregulation of Bax, caspase-3/9, and p53; downregulation of Bcl-2/Bcl-xl; inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling; reduced invasion and migration; increased reactive oxygen species; and immunomodulatory effects. Key limitations were heterogeneity in interventions, dosages, exposure periods, and cell lines, along with incomplete reporting, which precluded quantitative synthesis. Overall, preclinical evidence indicates multimodal anticancer effects of L. rhamnosus in CRC models; however, standardized reporting and translational research are required.

Preeclampsia (PE) is the onset of hypertension in pregnancy with systemic involvement; PE poses significant risks of cerebral complications, including eclampsia and long-term cognitive impairment. This review explores the potential of neurological biomarkers—neurofilament light chain (NfL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100 Calcium Binding Protein B (S100B), and tau—as indicators of cerebral injury in PE. A literature search identified studies comparing biomarker levels in preeclamptic and healthy pregnancies. Findings reveal elevated plasma levels of NfL, NSE, S100B, and Tau in PE, with NfL showing the strongest association with blood–brain barrier dysfunction, cognitive symptoms, and disease severity. Variations between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels suggest impaired BBB integrity rather than increased central nervous system production. Despite promising correlations, limitations include small sample sizes, lack of standardized thresholds, and limited CSF data. While NfL emerges as a particularly promising marker for risk stratification, further research is needed to validate the clinical utility of these biomarkers in routine PE management.