Background/Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, particularly among women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests potential effects on ovulation, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the reproductive safety of GLP-1RAs, with a focus on their implications for conception, unintended pregnancy, and maternal–fetal outcomes. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and relevant bibliographic sources to identify studies published between 2020 and 2025. The search included clinical trials, observational studies, registry data, case reports, and selected preclinical evidence. Studies addressing reproductive outcomes, including ovulation, fertility, pregnancy exposure, and fetal safety, were included. Evidence was synthesized descriptively in accordance with recommended approaches for narrative reviews. Results: Available evidence indicates that GLP-1RAs may improve ovulatory function and menstrual regularity, particularly in women with obesity or polycystic ovary syndrome, potentially increasing the likelihood of conception. However, human data on pregnancy exposure remain limited. While current evidence does not consistently demonstrate a strong teratogenic signal, findings are based on small samples and heterogeneous study designs. Concerns persist regarding unintended pregnancies due to improved fertility and the absence of robust safety data during early gestation. Conclusions: GLP-1RAs present a complex clinical scenario in women of reproductive age, with potential benefits for metabolic and reproductive health but uncertain safety during pregnancy. Clinicians should exercise caution, provide appropriate contraceptive counseling, and carefully weigh the risks and benefits when prescribing these agents. Further large-scale, prospective studies are needed to clarify reproductive safety and inform evidence-based clinical guidelines.

This systematic review aimed to synthesize experimental evidence on the anticancer effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and its derivatives against colorectal cancer (CRC) cell models. Eligible studies investigated probiotics, postbiotics, or bioactive compounds derived from L. rhamnosus with an in vitro component; studies relying solely on in vivo animal models, clinical trials, or observational designs were excluded. PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified QUIN tool, and extracted data were tabulated. Owing to incomplete numerical data, meta-analysis was not feasible, and the results were synthesized accordingly. Seventeen studies were included. L. rhamnosus and its derivatives reduced CRC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest. Reported mechanisms included upregulation of Bax, caspase-3/9, and p53; downregulation of Bcl-2/Bcl-xl; inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling; reduced invasion and migration; increased reactive oxygen species; and immunomodulatory effects. Key limitations were heterogeneity in interventions, dosages, exposure periods, and cell lines, along with incomplete reporting, which precluded quantitative synthesis. Overall, preclinical evidence indicates multimodal anticancer effects of L. rhamnosus in CRC models; however, standardized reporting and translational research are required.

Handgrip strength is a simple and objective measure of muscle function, increasingly associated with physical and psychological health. However, data regarding its link to anxiety and depression in young adults remain limited. The aim of this study was to assess handgrip strength in healthy university students and examine its association with symptoms of anxiety and depression. This cross‐sectional study included 216 undergraduate students (mean age: 20.6 ± 4.7 years). Handgrip strength of each participant was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the GAD‐7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7) and the PHQ‐9 (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), respectively. Pearson correlations and independent sample t ‐tests were used for statistical analysis. Handgrip strength showed a small but statistically significant negative correlation with PHQ‐9 (left hand: r = −0.148, p = 0.030) and GAD‐7 (left hand: r = −0.185, p = 0.006) scores. These associations were stronger in female participants. Anxiety and depression scores were strongly positively correlated ( r = 0.705, p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate lower handgrip strength was associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms in healthy university students, especially in female students. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality.